Oral administration of eucalyptol reduces cell migration and pain-like behavior in zymosan-induced arthritis mice

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that utilizes nonbiologic and biologic drugs for appropriate disease management. However, high cost, adverse effects, reduced effectiveness, and risk of infection have stimulated the search for safer and more efficacious therapeutic strategies. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of eucalyptol in an experimental model of arthritis. Mice were administered zymosan or saline intra-articularly. One hour before the zymosan administration, the mice were treated with oral eucalyptol (200-400 mg/kg) and vehicle. Cell influx, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were measured in joint exudates. Joint pain was assessed using paw-pressure tests. Orally administered eucalyptol (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced cell influx, as well as neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, when compared with the control. Eucalyptol at a dose of 400 mg/kg significantly reversed joint pain and demonstrated analgesic activity (60%); however, 200 mg/kg failed to alter joint pain. These results indicate that oral eucalyptol promotes anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in mice subjected to zymosan-induced arthritis

Educação em saúde com adolescentes acerca do uso de álcool e outras drogas

O estudo objetivou descrever uma estratgia educativa em sade voltada para a preveno primria do uso de lcool e outras drogas junto a um grupo de adolescentes. Trata-se de um relato de experincia vivenciado por acadmicas de enfermagem no desenvolvimento de estratgia educativa em uma escola no municpio de Caucaia, estado do Cear-Brasil. A estratgia contou com a participao de 43 jovens, idade entre 15 e 16 anos. Dividida em quatro momentos, nomeadas de forma didtica: socializao, abordagem da temtica, desenvolvendo a arte e o debate sobre as artes desenvolvidas. A socializao dos contedos expressos nos desenhos e na msica elaborada promoveu uma maior interao entre os envolvidos, isso sendo evidenciado pela maior participao dos adolescentes e indagaes dos mesmos em relao ao tema. Neste sentido, importante destacar que o enfermeiro como promotor de sade precisa estar mais presente no ambiente escolar, de forma a promover uma maior interao da escola com o setor sade, sensibilizando assim os sujeitos para as causas e consequncias do uso das drogas

Extensão universitária na promoção da saúde infantil: analisando estratégias educativas

Este estudo objetivou descrever e analisar as estratégias educativas, desenvolvidas com objetivo de promover saúde e prevenir doenças, utilizadas por um projeto de extensão universitária, comparando as diversas abordagens usadas com pré-escolares e escolares nos anos de 2011 a 2012. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e documental com abordagem qualitativa, realizado por meio da leitura minuciosa de 22 relatórios. Os dados foram organizados em categorias: temáticas abordadas, avaliação do conhecimento prévio, abordagem do tema, avaliação do conhecimento obtido e avaliação da estratégia frente ao comportamento das crianças. O desenvolvimento de estratégias educativas no âmbito da extensão universitária mostrou-se eficaz para a disseminação do conhecimento sobre temáticas do público infantil e como formador de uma consciência cidadã e humana

Extensão universitária na promoção da saúde infantil: Analisando estratégias educativas

This study aimed to describe and analyze educational strategies conducted by a university extension project, comparing the different approaches used in pre-school and school. This qualitative, transversal and documental study was realized based on the analysis of archives of the period from 2011 to 2012. Detailed reading was performed of 22 reports. Posteriorly, the data were organized in categories: themes, assessment of prior knowledge, approach to the subject, assessment of knowledge gained and evaluation of the strategy against the behavior of children. The development of educational strategies within the university extension was effective for the dissemination of knowledge on issues of public child and trainer as a citizen and human consciousness.El estudio tuvo como objetivo describir y analizar estrategias educativas desarrolladas con el objetivo de promover la salud y prevenir las enfermedades, utilizado por un proyecto de extención universitaria, comparando los distintos enfoques utilizados con edad preescolar y escolar de 2011 a 2012. Es un estudio transversal con enfoque cualitativo y documental, realizado por medio de la lectura de 22 informes. Los datos fueron organizados en categorías: temas, la evaluación de los conocimientos previos, el enfoque del tema, la evaluación de los conocimientos adquiridos y la evaluación de la estrategia contra el comportamiento de los niños. El desarrollo de estrategias educativas dentro de la extensión universitaria fue eficaz para la difusión de conocimientos sobre cuestiones de trabajo con el público infantil y como entrenador de una conciencia ciudadana y humana.Este estudo objetivou descrever e analisar as estratégias educativas desenvolvidas para promover saúde e prevenir doenças, utilizadas por um projeto de extensão universitária, comparando as diversas abordagens usadas com pré-escolares e escolares nos anos de 2011 a 2012. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e documental com abordagem qualitativa, realizado por meio da leitura minuciosa de 22 relatórios. Os dados foram organizados em categorias: temáticas abordadas, avaliação do conhecimento prévio, abordagem do tema, avaliação do conhecimento obtido e avaliação da estratégia frente ao comportamento das crianças. O desenvolvimento de estratégias educativas no âmbito da extensão universitária mostrou-se eficaz para a disseminação do conhecimento sobre temáticas do público infantil e como formador de uma consciência cidadã e humana

The Enteric Glial Network Acts in the Maintenance of Intestinal Homeostasis and in Intestinal Disorders

The enteric nervous system (ENS), also known as second brain, innervates our gastrointestinal tract controlling its functions, such as motility, fluid secretion, nutrient absorption, and even involvement in the control of immunity and inflammatory processes. In the gut, the gliocytes are known as enteric glial cells (EGCs). Enteric glial cells form a network that permeates the entire gut. Enteric glia express the cell surface hemichannel of connexin-43 (Cx43) necessary for the propagation of Ca2 + responses, necessary to maintain their functions. In this chapter, besides the development of ENS and its glial cells and the similarities with the astrocytes in the central nervous system, we approached the important role of the glial network in the control of gut homeostasis, in the interaction with the immune system, and its participation in pathological conditions. EGCs are even capable of replacing lost neurons. Thus the enteric glia is a multifunctional cell, which through its multiple interactions maintains the integrity of the ENS allowing it to be resistant to the different and constant aggressions suffered by the digestive system

Gliclazide Prevents 5-FU-Induced Oral Mucositis by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and P-Selectin Adhesion Molecules

Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the main side effects of the head and neck cancer treatment, particularly radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. OM is characterized by ulcers, erythema, dysphagia, xerostomia, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. In the perspective of finding pharmacological therapies to prevent inflammation and ulceration of OM, the investigation of the pleiotropic effect of commercial drugs is needed, among them gliclazide, an antidiabetic drug. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gliclazide in an experimental OM model induced by 5-fluorouracil. Male hamsters were pre-treated with oral gliclazide (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg) for 10 days. Cheek pouch samples were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis (COX2, iNOS, MMP-2, NFκB P65, GPx) and imunofluorescence (P-selectin). IL-1β and TNF-α levels, Myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy analysis. NFκB NLS P50 protein levels were analyzed by western blotting. The group treated with gliclazide at a dose of 10 mg/kg showed presence of erythema, no evidence of erosion, and absence of mucosal ulceration with a score of 1 (1–2) (p < 0.01). Histopathological data for the group treated with gliclazide 10 mg/kg showed re-epithelialization, discrete mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate and absence of hemorrhage, edema, ulcers and abscesses with a score of 1 (1–1) (p < 0.01). Treatment with gliclazide 10 mg/kg reduced MPO activity (p < 0.001), MDA levels (p < 0.001) and NFκB NLS P50 (p < 0.05) protein levels, resulting in low immunostaining to Cox-2, iNOS (p < 0.05), NFκB P65 (p < 0.05), and negative immunoreaction to MMP-2 (p < 0.001). However, it appeared that for Gpx1, the staining was restored in the GLI 10-FUT group compared with 5FUT/saline (p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence revealed decreased levels of P-selectin (p < 0.001) after treatment with gliclazide 10 mg/kg (p < 0.05). In summary, gliclazide accelerated mucosal recovery and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the 5-FU-induced OM in hamsters

The Irritating Effects Of Exposure To Formaldehyde In User Students Of The Human Anatomy Laboratory

Formaldehyde (FA) is commonly used in cadaver fixation for years. FA vapors are released during the dissection process and macroscopic study of preserved anatomical pieces, raising their concentration in the Anatomy laboratory, causing greater exposure for students and teachers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate toxic reactions in 37 students, through a questionnaire, produced by exposure to FA used for preservation of cadaveric material used in Anatomy, Morphofunctional Department, Faculdades Integradas de Patos (FIP), Brazil. Of the 37 interviewees, 26 (70.3%) were affected by the unpleasant and irritating smell of FA, 10 (27%) had no problems, and 1 (2.7%) did not tolerate an irritation produced by FA, ​​not participating in the laboratory practical classes. Exposure to FA was followed by several symptoms: excessive lacrimation (54%), itchy eyes (48.5%), redness of the eyes (40.6%), coryza or congested nose (35.2%) and respiratory distress (29.7%), with persistent symptoms during the permanence in the laboratory for 32.5% of the students. All students wear a lab coat for individual protection. However, only 8% used mascara and did not wear glasses, increasing the risk of contamination. Medical schools should encourage the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for the manipulation of FA, ensuring the protection of students and teachers in the Anatomy laboratory. Besides finding alternatives for the replacement of FA in the conservation of corpses