A representação do gênero masculino na docência Aspectos sociais e econômicos

Resumo: A docência no Brasil, em termos de gênero, é mais feminina. Essa realidade se configurou a partir do advento da república, quando o ofício docente começou a se institucionalizar (VIANNA, 2001). Diante desse fato, os docentes do gênero masculino vivenciam os reflexos de uma comparação que, segundo Viana (2013), coloca os gêneros masculino e feminino em categorias excludentes, uma vez que as mulheres são geralmente associadas a atribuições relacionadas a alimentação, maternidade, cuidado e educação. Já os homens são vistos como provedores e suas atividades são relacionadas ao uso do poder. Tendo em vista os fatores citados, questiona-se: De que forma se constroem as representações e valores em torno da docência masculina no contexto escolar? Afim de responder a tal questão, toma-se como objetivo geral deste estudo, compreender a representação do gênero masculino na docência da escola municipal Professor Roberto Santos, em Alagoinhas – BA. De modos específicos, se busca primeiramente: conhecer as representações sobre o status social e econômico dos professores entre docentes e discentes; analisar a diferenciação dos gêneros na representação da prática docente; apresentar possibilidades de promoção e emancipação do gênero masculino no contexto da docência. Para tanto, serão utilizados os referenciais teóricos de Albuquerque (2010), Cruz (2007), Vianna (2001) e Viana (2013). A pesquisa de base qualitativa será do tipo estudo de caso e utilizará como recurso, na coleta de dados, a observação participante e a entrevista semi-estruturada entre professores e estudantes. De acordo com Duarte (2004), a entrevista como recurso é fundamental quando se precisa mapear crenças e valores do contexto social especificado. Nesse sentido, espera-se evidenciar a percepção dos estudantes e dos professores, sobre a representação do profissional do gênero masculino na docência.Palavras-chave: Docência; Gênero masculino; Representação

A representação do gênero masculino na docência Aspectos sociais e econômicos

Resumo: A docência no Brasil, em termos de gênero, é mais feminina. Essa realidade se configurou a partir do advento da república, quando o ofício docente começou a se institucionalizar (VIANNA, 2001). Diante desse fato, os docentes do gênero masculino vivenciam os reflexos de uma comparação que, segundo Viana (2013), coloca os gêneros masculino e feminino em categorias excludentes, uma vez que as mulheres são geralmente associadas a atribuições relacionadas a alimentação, maternidade, cuidado e educação. Já os homens são vistos como provedores e suas atividades são relacionadas ao uso do poder. Tendo em vista os fatores citados, questiona-se: De que forma se constroem as representações e valores em torno da docência masculina no contexto escolar? Afim de responder a tal questão, toma-se como objetivo geral deste estudo, compreender a representação do gênero masculino na docência da escola municipal Professor Roberto Santos, em Alagoinhas – BA. De modos específicos, se busca primeiramente: conhecer as representações sobre o status social e econômico dos professores entre docentes e discentes; analisar a diferenciação dos gêneros na representação da prática docente; apresentar possibilidades de promoção e emancipação do gênero masculino no contexto da docência. Para tanto, serão utilizados os referenciais teóricos de Albuquerque (2010), Cruz (2007), Vianna (2001) e Viana (2013). A pesquisa de base qualitativa será do tipo estudo de caso e utilizará como recurso, na coleta de dados, a observação participante e a entrevista semi-estruturada entre professores e estudantes. De acordo com Duarte (2004), a entrevista como recurso é fundamental quando se precisa mapear crenças e valores do contexto social especificado. Nesse sentido, espera-se evidenciar a percepção dos estudantes e dos professores, sobre a representação do profissional do gênero masculino na docência.Palavras-chave: Docência; Gênero masculino; Representação

ESTADO DA ARTE SOBRE AS REPRESENTAÇÕES DO GÊNERO MASCULINO NA DOCÊNCIA: ASPECTOS SOCIAIS E ECONÔMICOS

Resum

ESTADO DA ARTE SOBRE AS REPRESENTAÇÕES DO GÊNERO MASCULINO NA DOCÊNCIA: ASPECTOS SOCIAIS E ECONÔMICOS

Resum

MOTIVOS QUE LEVAM O TRABALHADOR DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL A DEIXAR DE USAR OS EQUIPAMENTOS DE PROTEÇÃO INDIVIDUAL

Os Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPI’s) constituem barreiras de proteção do trabalhador contra riscos ocupacionais. Assim como em outros setores industriais, na construção civil um dos grandes desafios da segurança do trabalho é a conscientização dos trabalhadores quanto ao uso efetivo desses equipamentos. Este estudo busca identificar os principais motivos que levam os trabalhadores da construção civil a deixarem de usar os EPI’s durante o desempenho do trabalho. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo, aplicou-se um questionário com 28 trabalhadores, em uma empresa da construção civil situada na cidade de Rio Quente-GO. Os dados foram sumarizados por meio de estatística descritiva. Os resultados apontam que os trabalhadores reconhecem a importância do uso adequado dos EPI’s, mas, em algumas situações, deixam de utilizá-los por atrapalharem a execução do trabalho ou pelo desconforto oferecido. Assim, o uso efetivo e adequado dos EPI’s pode estar relacionado, principalmente, a aspectos como qualidade e ergonomia do equipamento e cultura prevencionista da empresa, destacando-se treinamento e conscientização

Bullous Keratopathy in a dog treated with Third Eyelid Flap and Autologous Serum Eye Drops

Background: Bullous Keratopathy (BK) is characterized by decompensation of the corneal stroma resulting in visual impairment by corneal opacity, discomfort, excessive tearing, blepharospasm and pain. The aim of this study was to report a case of BK in a dog and the complete recovery of the ocular structure and visual function, with a third eyelid flap associated with the use of autologous blood serum topically.Case: A 2-year-old Shih Tzu male dog, weighing 4.3 kg, with recurrent bilateral eye discomfort was brought to Ophthalmologist Veterinarian Assistance. The patient had already been seen by other veterinarians, but the signs returned in a short period of time after the prescription was suspended. During physical examination it was observed moderate blepharospasm in the right eye, epiphora in the left eye, and in both eyes was noted exophthalmos, medial corneal entropion, caruncle trichiasis and ectopic cilia in the upper and lower eyelids. Fluorescein test was positive in both eyes, and a large bullous, opaque and gelatinous lesion with irregular appearance was observed occupying a large part of the cornea of the right eye. Superficial corneal ulcer was diagnosed in left eye and BK in right eye, both probably in consequence of ectopic cilia presence. Surgical intervention was made, with the cauterization and excision of the ectopic cilia and third eyelid flap in the right eye. The cauterization of caruncle trichiasis was not authorized by the owner. Moxifloxacin eye drops in the dose of one drop four times a day in both eyes, lubricant based on hyaluronic acid in the dose of one drop four times a day in both eyes, and autogenous blood serum, obtained from the centrifugation of a blood sample of the dog itself, in the dose of one drop every hour in the right eye for 24 hours, and meloxicam in the dose of 0.1 mg/kg every 24 h for 3 days were prescribed. Elizabethan collar was recommended until removal of the third eye flap. During the surgery, a sample of eye secretion was collected and sent for culture and antibiogram and did not show growth of microorganisms. After seven days of the procedure, the animal did not show eye discomfort and corneal ulcer in the left eye was healed. The third eye flap remained stable until the return of 28 days and after removal of the capton, adhesions were identified, which were removed with Castroviejo scissors after application of topical anesthetic proxymetacaine hydrochloride eye drops. A fluorescein test was performed and the absence of corneal keratitis was confirmed. Discrete corneal scars (macula) were identified.Discussion: The patient in this report had several changes in ocular morphology that favored the formation of recurrent injuries which contributed to the formation of BK. The use of topical medications as unique treatment was not performed due to the severity of the lesion and the presence of alterations such as medial entropion, caruncle trichiasis and ectopic cilia that needed surgical corrections to resolve the causes of the lesions. In order to protect the cornea and provide compression of its epithelium, a third eyelid flap was performed, a low-invasive procedure that is quick and easy to perform. Ectopic cilia were cauterized to eliminate one of the causes of the corneal injuries, however, the other changes could not be corrected because they were not authorized by the owner. The adjuvant uses of ocular lubricant based on hyaluronic acid, a broad-spectrum topical antibiotic and mainly autogenous blood serum favored the epithelial reconstruction of the cornea by providing protection, vitamins, growth factors, immunoglobulins, anti-collagenolytic and bacteriostatic substances. The protocol used it enabled a rapid reduction in patient discomfort, reversal of injuries and recovery of visual function

ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE A ANÁLISE SOROLÓGICA E A REAÇÃO EM CADEIA DA POLIMERASE (PCR) NO DIAGNÓSTICO DA INFECÇÃO PELO Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae EM SUÍNOS DURANTE PROCEDIMENTO DE QUARENTENA

This study investigated through serologic analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the presence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in reproductive gilts during quarantine proceeding. This study was realized in 300 Landrace x Large White gilts with 150 days of age in a quarantine unity in Parana in 2007.  These animals came from a single farm, considered free from Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. The exams were made at Microvet laboratory located in Viçosa-MG. Clinical signs that suggest of respiratory problems were not seen, nor seroconversion was detected in 130 serologic analysis, performed in serum samples collected on days 0, 55 and 76 after housing, however, the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was detected through PCR (649 bp fragment of 16S gene) in tracheobronchiolar wash and pulmonary tissue from a gilt without conclusive result in serologic analysis in a sample collected 55 days after housing. Hence, association between serologic analysis and PCR was important to diagnose Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae during quarantine proceedings.Investigou-se por meio de análises sorológicas e pela técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) a presença do Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae em fêmeas reprodutoras suínas durante o procedimento de quarentena. O estudo foi realizado em um lote de 300 fêmeas da linhagem Landrace x Large White de 150 dias de idade em uma unidade de quarentena no estado do Paraná no ano de 2007. Os animais foram provenientes de uma única granja, sendo esta, considerada livre do Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Os exames foram realizados no laboratório Microvet localizado em Viçosa-MG. Não foram observados sinais clínicos sugestivos de problemas respiratórios bem como não foi detectado soroconversão para o M. hyopneumoniae nas 130 análises sorológicas, realizadas em amostras de soro coletadas nos dias 0, 55 e 76 após o alojamento dos animais. Entretanto, o M. hyopneumoniae foi detectado por meio da PCR (fragmento de 649 pb do gente rRNA 16S) de lavado traqueobronqueal e tecido pulmonar de uma fêmea com análise sorológica não conclusiva na amostra coletada no dia 55 após o alojamento. Desta forma, a associação entre as análises sorológicas e a PCR foi importante no diagnóstico do Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae durante o procedimento de quarentena

Corneal Ulcer in a Sheep - Treatment with Third Eyelid Flap

Background: Corneal ulcers are frequently reported in the literature in several species, however, the treatment of traumatic lesions on the corneal surface of ruminants is still poorly described.  The use of the third eyelid flap is questioned when applied to deep ulcers, since the technique prevents the evolutionary follow-up of corneal healing and compromises care. However, several authors report its successful use for the treatment of superficial and deep corneal ulcers. This technique protects the ocular surface and prevents the occurrence of new lesions or their aggravation. The aim of this study was to report the treatment of corneal ulcers in sheep through the third eyelid flap associated with the use of topical antibiotics.Case: A 2-year-old Dorper sheep, with ocular discomfort, conjunctival hyperemia and mucopurulent secretion in the left eye, was assisted in a private rural property in the West region of Bahia, Brazil. The owner reported that before seeking veterinary help he used a spray based on oxytetracycline and hydrocortisone, which worsened the animal's condition. Upon inspection, it was observed eyelid asymmetry, slight lateralization of the head to the left, periorbital alopecia on the left face, intense blepharospasm in the left eye, with projection of the third eyelid occurring at times. The ophthalmic examination was performed after application of anesthetic eye drops based on proxymetacaine to reduce eye discomfort. A corneal stromal lesion, edema and fibrovascular tissue in the left eye were identified, but the cause of the lesion was not defined, with lagophthalmia, entropion, dystychiasis or ectopic cilia being ruled out. So, it was suggested that the lesion had occurred by a foreign body, such as dust or feed fiber.  The contralateral eye showed no changes, Schirmer 15 mm, no changes in sensory and sensory reflexes and negative fluorescein. No signal clinical disease. Due to the severity of the lesion, it was performed a third eyelid flap associated with drug treatment with ciprofloxacin eye drops, every 8 h for 21 days. The animal was placed in the right lateral decubitus position and palpebral akinesia was achieved with the application of 2 mL lidocaine without vasoconstrictor in the region of the auriculopalpebral nerve. This was followed by the routine performance of the third eyelid flap.Discussion: The delay in seeking veterinary care and the application of spray based on oxytetracycline and hydrocortisone aggravated the lesion, since the corticosteroid delays corneal healing and favors the aggravation of the lesion. After desensitization of the cornea, the animal allowed eye manipulation and it was possible to observe the lesion and choose the best treatment, with option for the third eyelid flap because it is a simple and fast technique, does not require special equipment or materials, ideal for performed in the field and is widely used in the treatment of injuries involving the cornea and, besides that, helps to contain corneal perforation and protect the ocular surface. Corneal debridement was also performed to remove necrotic debris and improve drug action, in addition to using broad-spectrum antibiotic eye drops until complete regeneration of the lesion. Twenty-one days after the surgical procedure, the patient had no ocular discomfort, the flap was removed and no changes in the corneal surface were observed. The treatment was considered satisfactory for the healing of the corneal ulcer, guaranteed the esthetics and visual function of the sheep.Keywords: keratitis, surgery, ciprofloxacin, ocular, ruminant

Apreciação do reposicionamento de marcas de vinho e sua relação com os consumidores

In a global and competitive environment, acting in a way to plan and execute strategic marketing will give companies greater power in the face of competitive challenges. Thus, this study seeks to identify brand positioning strategies in wineries, presenting an investigation through a systematic review. In view of the results found, the most diverse types of marketing strategies used by the wineries for positioning were perceived and it was noticed that the choice of strategies depended on the intended objectives of the wineries and the scenarios in which such organizations were found. In which the positioning of the winery brand is going beyond the characteristics of the wine product, encompassing factors such as sensations and experiences. The most innovative wineries are concerned with the proper positioning in the market, but these positioning strategies, despite being a global concern, are also defined at a local level.Em um ambiente global e competitivo, atuar de maneira a planejar e a executar o marketing estratégico, fará com que as empresas tenham um maior poder frente aos desafios competitivos. Assim, este estudo busca identificar as estratégias de posicionamento de marca em vinícolas, apresentando uma investigação através de uma revisão sistemática. Diante dos resultados encontrados, foram percebidos os mais diversos tipos de estratégias de marketing utilizadas pelas vinícolas para o posicionamento e foi percebido que as escolhas das estratégias dependiam dos objetivos pretendidos pelas vinícolas e dos cenários em que tais organizações se encontravam. Em que o posicionamento da marca das vinícolas está indo além das características do produto vinho, abrangendo fatores como sensações e experiências. As vinícolas mais inovadoras têm uma preocupação com o posicionamento adequado no mercado, mas essas estratégias de posicionamento, apesar de serem uma preocupação a nível mundial, também são definidas a nível local

Dysautonomia in a Bitch with Hypothyroidism

Background: Thyroid hormones have important effects on the cardiovascular system, of which the main ones are the increase in the heart response to the autonomic sympathetic nervous system. Heart rate variability is a non-invasive method of assessing autonomic heart modulation, thus being an important form of evaluation in patients with thyroid dysfunctions. This study aimed to report electrocardiographic and heart rate variability data of a dog with hypothyroidism that presented a parasympathetic dysfunction.Case: A 7-year-old female Dalmatian dog was admitted for clinical evaluation in Fortaleza, Brazil. According to the owner, she had been apathetic for a year, had gained weight, always had a sad expression, and her hair was generally brittle and opaque. On physical examination, skin lesions were observed at the end of the spine, extending to the tail region, with the latter showing total alopecia. Low T4 levels confirmed the diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism. Then, a 24-h Holter monitoring was performed, which showed that the animal had sinus arrhythmia associated with moments of second-degree sinoatrial block and rare moments of sinus tachycardia. In addition, moments of premature multifocal ventricular extrasystoles and 1st-degree atrioventricular block were observed. Based on the Holter results, heart rate variability (HRV) was calculated. Regarding the HRV in the frequency domain, 32.16 was obtained in the low frequency (LF) band, 67.84 in the high frequency (HF) band, and the LF / HF ratio was 0.46, with a total power of 5205. As for the HRV in the time domain, RMSSD was 117, pNN50 was 62.64 and SDNN was 384. This showed an increase in the parasympathetic activity of the heart and, due to this increased activity, a second-degree sinoatrial block occurred, which is a sinus function disturbance resulting from the exacerbated parasympathetic activity.Discussion: Beta-adrenergic receptors have their expression and activity altered by thyroid hormones. The sympathetic stimulation on the heart through the activation of these receptors originates a positive inotropic, lusitropic, dromotropic and chronotropic effect. Therefore, in the absence of thyroid hormones, there is a decrease in this stimulation, thus allowing a preponderant parasympathetic tone. In the present report, the increase in the parasympathetic tonus, observed in hypothyroidism, resulted in a reduction in the frequency of sinus firing, slowing of intranodal and sinoatrial conduction, and shortening of the effective refractory period, a combination of factors that led to decreased HR observed in the Holter monitoring. Previous studies have shown that thyroid hormones increase sympathetic activity, mainly in the heart, since they do not act by increasing the production or release of catecholamines, but rather increasing catecholamine response on the heart, due to a positive regulation of Ca2+-ATPase channels of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and beta1-adrenergic receptors. Thus, the observed result was already expected, because in hypothyroidism there is a decrease in these hormones that increase the sympathetic activity on the heart and so, the parasympathetic tone was very evident. The study of heart rate variability allows the simple assessment of the autonomic nervous system imbalance, and may be extremely important in the follow-up of diseases that affect this balance, such as hypothyroidism. Hence, more studies are required to verify the effect of such diseases on heart rate variability, aiming to define associations between the diseases and the alterations, as well as to define parameters of normality for such examinations