Ocorrência de Salmonella spp. em carcaças de frangos recém abatidos em feiras e mercados da cidade de Manaus-AM

This research evaluates the levels of salmonella that are present in chicken carcasses commercialized in shops and public markets in different zones in the city of Manaus, Amazonas - Brazil. Sixty samples were randomly collected in a period of eleven weeks and examined specifically for Salmonella presence. Fifty percent of the samples were positive for Salmonella, and 67 serovars were isolated and distributed mainly among 11 different sorotypes. Those identified, S. panama, S. mbandaka, S. schwarzengrund, S. typhimurium, S. albany, S. agona, corresponded to 85%. The contamination of Salmonella is dependent on various factors, and its occurrence may berelated to the hygeine conditions of the poultry farm. The methodology used for the microbiological detection was that recommende by the "Food and Drugs Administration" of the United States of America

Mansonella ozzardi in the municipality of Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil, 60 years after the first report: An epidemiologic study

The prevalence of mansonelliasis was studied in the municipality of Tefé, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The prevalence (thick blood smear method) was 13.6% (147/1,078), higher in the Solimões River region (16.3%) than in the Tefé River region (6.3%). In the sampled communities in the Solimões River region, a higher density of cases was observed, as indicated by a kernel analysis (odds ratio 0.34; 95% confidence interval: 0.20-0.57). Males had a higher prevalence (χ2 = 31.292, p < 0.001) than women. Mansonella ozzardi prevalence was higher in retirees and farmers (28.9% and 27%, respectively). Prevalence also significantly increased with age (χ2 = -128.17, p < 0.001), with the highest numbers occurring in persons older than 67 years

Detecção e tipagem de vírus dengue em Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) na Cidade de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas

The aim of this study was to detect and type dengue viruses in the vector Aedes aegypti. Between December 2005 and December 2006, 8,984 mosquitoes were collected in 46 districts of the city of Manaus, covering all of the geographical zones of the city. Of these, 819 were Aedes aegypti (414 females and 405 males). The females of Aedes aegypti were grouped in pools of 1 to 10 mosquitoes, thus totaling 138 pools, of which 111 pools were positive for DENV 3 and a single pool was positive for two serotypes (DENV 1 and DENV 3). The prevalence of Aedes aegypti infected with DENV 3 in the city of Manaus was 53%. The zonal prevalence was 70% in the western central zone, 60% in the southern zone, 53% in the western zone, 47% in the southern central zone, 30% in the northern zone and 23% in the eastern zone. Monitoring of virus circulation among mosquitoes by means of the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique enables prior knowledge of the levels of virus spread in given areas, thus contributing towards determining the localities where prevention and control measures should be applied

Dengue Virus Type 4, Manaus, Brazil

We report dengue virus type 4 (DENV-4) in Amazonas, Brazil. This virus was isolated from serum samples of 3 patients treated at a tropical medicine reference center in Manaus. All 3 cases were confirmed by serologic and molecular tests; 1 patient was co-infected with DENV-3 and DENV-4

Critical role for CCR2 and HMGB1 in induction of experimental endotoxic shock

AbstractOur aim was to investigate CCR2 and HMGB1 involvement in a murine model of endotoxic shock. We used C57BL/6 CCR2 knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates to establish an optimal dose of LPS. CCR2 KO mice survived more frequently than WT mice after 80, 40 and 20mg/kg of LPS i.p. Inflammation and redox markers were high in WT mice than in CCR2 KO mice. HMGB1 expression was reduced in CCR2 KO mice in parallel to ERK 1/2 activation. Therefore, we used glycyrrhizic acid (50mg/kg), an HMGB1 inhibitor in WT mice injected with LPS, and mortality was fully abolished. Thus, drugs targeting CCR2 and HMGB1 could represent future resources for sepsis treatment

Detection of DENV-4 genotype I from mosquitoes collected in the city of Manaus, Brazil

Background\ud Dengue epidemics have been reported in Brazil since 1981. In Manaus, a large city in the Amazon region, dengue is endemic with all four-virus serotypes (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4) simultaneously causing human disease. In 2008, during a surveillance of dengue virus in mosquitoes in the district of Tancredo Neves in Manaus, 260 mosquitoes of Aedes genus were captured, identified and grouped into pools of 10 mosquitoes.\ud \ud Findings\ud RNA extracts of mosquito pools were tested by a RT-Hemi-Nested-PCR for detection of flaviviruses. One amplicon of 222 bp, compatible with dengue virus serotype 4, was obtained from a pool of Aedes aegypti. The nucleotide sequence of the amplicon indicated that the mosquitoes were infected with DENV-4 of genotype I. This virus of Asian origin has been described in Manaus in 2008 infecting acute febrile illness patients.\ud \ud Conclusion\ud This is the first report of dengue virus serotype 4 genotype I infecting Aedes aegypti in the Americas.This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

Influenza virus type/subtype and different infection profiles by age group during 2017/2018 season

DDI-INSA em colaboração com a Rede Portuguesa de Laboratórios para o Diagnóstico da GripeBackground: Influenza has a major impact in hospitalization during each influenza season. We analysed the influenza type/subtype distribution by age group and medical care wards (ambulatory, hospital, intensive care unit). Material and Methods: During 2017/2018 season, 14 hospitals from Portugal mainland and Atlantic Island (Azores and Madeira) reported to the National Influenza Centre 13747 cases of respiratory infection, all tested for influenza type and/or subtype. Epidemiological data: age, sample collection, hospital dwelling service and patient outcome were reported. Results: From the 13747 reported cases, 3717(27%) were influenza positive of which 2033 (55%) were influenza B, 722 (19%) A unsubtyped, 505 (14%) AH3, 442 (12%) AH1pdm09 and 15(0,1%) mixed infections. Influenza A was detected in 71% (204/208) of toddlers(<5 years) although in the remaining age groups influenza B was detected in more than 50% of the confirmed flu cases. Influenza B was the predominant virus in hospitalized and ICU influenza cases between 5-14 years (69% and 75%, respectively) and played a major role in elderly (65+ years) hospitalized and ICU cases(57% and 67%, respectively). AH1pdm09 virus was detected in 30% of the influenza confirmed ICU patients, 2.1 times more than in hospitalized cases in other wards and 3.3 times more than influenza AH1pdm09 cases in ambulatory care. Influenza mixed infection were detected sporadically,mainly in hospitalized and ICU patients. From 2080 known outcomes, 40(1.9%) patients deceased, influenza was confirmed in 11(28%) of these cases. Conclusions: Cocirculation of different influenza virus type/subtype may indicate different infection profiles by age groups and should guide influenza preventive/treatment measures.N/

Prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 among blood donors in Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil

Introduction: Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) is endemic in Brazil, but few studies have investigated the seroprevalence of HTLV and its subtypes among blood donors in the capital city Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. Aim: To estimate the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 and to identify circulating subtypes among blood donors in Manaus. Materials and Methods: Blood donors (2001-2003) were screened for HTLV-1/2 antibodies by ELISA. Positive results were confirmed and subtyped by Western blot assays. Prevalence rates were calculated and compared with demographic data. Results: Among the 87,402 individuals screened, 116 (0.13%) were seropositive for HTLV-1/2. A second sample (76/116) was collected and retested by HTLV-1/2 ELISA, of which only 41/76 were positive. Western blot confirmed HTLV infection in 24/41 retested blood donors [HTLV-1 (n=16), HTLV-2 (n=5) and HTLV-untypable (n=3)]. Discussion: HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are prevalent among blood donors in Manaus. However, additional studies are needed to comprehend the epidemiology of HTLV-1/2 in Amazonas not only to understand the pathophysiology of the disease providing adequate medical assistance, but also to reduce or block virus transmission. © 2017, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo. All rights reserved