Adubação nitrogenada totalmente na semeadura do trigo.

Os triticultores dispõem de considerável volume de informações para definir a dose de N a ser minitrada na lavoura, contudo, tem havido pouco questionamento sobre o modo de aplicação do fertilizante nitrogenado. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as fontes uréia, uréia+NBPT (inibidor de urease) e nitrato de amônio em diferentes doses aplicadas nos sulcos de semeadura do trigo, em comparação com a adubação de cobertura, em duas condições de cultivo, em regime de sequeiro e irrigado. Foram realizados dois experimentos na safra de 2011, em Ponta Grossa/PR em regime de sequeiro e solo de textura média, e em Londrina/PR com irrigação e solo argiloso, localidades representativas das macrorregiões tritícolas I e III do Paraná, respectivamente. O nitrato de amônio é a fonte mais segura para uso em adubos formulados NPK para a semeadura do trigo. A uréia nos sulcos de semeadura causa forte fitoxicidade à lavoura de trigo, e o inibidor de urease NBPT minimiza tal impacto. A adubação nitrogenada na semeadura do trigo deve contemplar doses de 20 a 40 kg N ha-1. O modo de aplicação do N no trigo, semeadura e/ou cobertura, guarda forte interação com o ambiente de cultivo.Fertbio

Impact of SiO2 nanoparticle morphology on scattering efficiency for random lasers

In this work, we compared the effect of Quartzite nanoparticles (QtzNP - crystalline SiO2) and amorphous silica nanoparticles (ASNP) as scatters in a random laser (RL), correlating the laser efficiency to the morphology and refractive index (RI) of the scatterers. The RL was based on a laser media containing suspensions of QtzNPs or ASNPs in Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) and ethylene glycol (EG) suspension. It was observed a considerable increase in RL efficiency for QtzNPs, as compared to ASNPs, even for concentrations as low as 0.5mg/mL. Such grow in the RL eficiency is attributed to the higher RI of QtzNPs (n=1.54), which in-creases the reflectance of light on the particles surface and the high field scattering intensity in the sharp edges of the flat slab shapes, associated to the particle's morphology. Finite Element Method (FEM) simu-lations were also performed for different particle size and shapes and an output increase is noticed for QtzNPs when compared with the ASNP confirming the experimental results. The comparison between the morphology of QtzNPs and ASNPs on scattering efficiency reported here contribute to optimize the performance of laser systems with natural and synthetic nanomaterials

Correlation between LTR point mutations and proviral load levels among Human T cell Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) asymptomatic carriers

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In vitro studies have demonstrated that deletions and point mutations introduced into each 21 bp imperfect repeat of <it>Tax</it>-responsive element (TRE) of the genuine human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) viral promoter abolishes <it>Tax </it>induction. Given these data, we hypothesized that similar mutations may affect the proliferation of HTLV-1i</p> <p>nfected cells and alter the proviral load (PvL). To test this hypothesis, we conducted a cross-sectional genetic analysis to compare the near-complete LTR nucleotide sequences that cover the TRE1 region in a sample of HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers with different PvL burden.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 94 asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers with both sequence from the 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) and a PvL for <it>Tax </it>DNA measured using a sensitive SYBR Green real-time PCR were studied. The 94 subjects were divided into three groups based on PvL measurement: 31 low, 29 intermediate, and 34 high. In addition, each group was compared based on sex, age, and viral genotypes. In another analysis, the median PvLs between individuals infected with mutant and wild-type viruses were compared.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using a categorical analysis, a G232A substitution, located in domain A of the TRE-1 motif, was detected in 38.7% (12/31), 27.5% (8/29), and 61.8% (21/34) of subjects with low, intermediate, or high PvLs, respectively. A significant difference in the detection of this mutation was found between subjects with a high or low PvL and between those with a high or intermediate PvL (both <it>p </it>< 0.05), but not between subjects with a low or intermediate PvL (<it>p </it>> 0.05). This result was confirmed by a non-parametric analysis that showed strong evidence for higher PvLs among HTLV-1 positive individuals with the G232A mutation than those without this mutation (<it>p </it>< 0.03). No significant difference was found between the groups in relation to age, sex or viral subtypes (<it>p</it> > 0. 05).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The data described here show that changes in domain A of the HTLV-1 TRE-1 motif resulting in the G232A mutation may increase HTLV-1 replication in a majority of infected subjects.</p

Full Counting Statistics of Non-Commuting Variables: the Case of Spin Counts

We discuss the Full Counting Statistics of non-commuting variables with the measurement of successive spin counts in non-collinear directions taken as an example. We show that owing to an irreducible detector back-action, the FCS in this case may be sensitive to the dynamics of the detectors, and may differ from the predictions obtained with using a naive version of the Projection Postulate. We present here a general model of detector dynamics and path-integral approach to the evaluation of FCS. We concentrate further on a simple "diffusive" model of the detector dynamics where the FCS can be evaluated with transfer-matrix method. The resulting probability distribution of spin counts is characterized by anomalously large higher cumulants and substantially deviates from Gaussian Statistics.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure

Flexible random lasers in dye-doped bio-degradable cellulose nanocrystalline needles

M-ERA-NET2/0007/2016 POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007688 PTDC/CTM-BIO/6178/2014 PTDC/CTM-REF/30529/2017 UID/CTM/50025In this work, we developed and investigated a random laser based on rhodamine6G (Rh6G) in ethylene glycol (EG) solution with varying cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC) needles as scatterers in the lasing media. Besides the suspension-in-cuvette scheme, an alternative configuration was also employed: a dye-CNC flexible self-supported thick-film (70 µm) random laser made by drop casting of the CNCs + Rh6G + hydroxypropyl cellulose suspension. In relation to conventional scatterers, the biodegradable cellulose nanocompounds showed a comparable reduction in both the spectral full width at half-maximum and the energy threshold values, with an optimal concentration of 5 mg [CNC]/ml[EG] in suspension. Its performance was also compared with other cellulose-based random lasers, presenting advantages for some parameters. The flexible film configuration showed similar results, but contained 10% less Rh6G than the suspension.authorsversionpublishe

Adjustment of the infiltration curve by different empirical models

A estimativa de algumas propriedades físico-hídricas do solo, por meio do uso de modelos empíricos, constitui uma excelente alternativa para a redução do tempo e do custo das análises laboratoriais, especialmente para aplicação rápida e precisa desses valores em projetos agrícolas. O objetivo do presente trabalho é estimar a velocidade de infiltração de água no solo por meio de modelos empíricos propostos por Horton, Kostiakov e Kostiakov-Lewis e comparar os resultados com os dados obtidos em campo por meio do infiltrômetro de anel. A pesquisa foi conduzida em solo de textura arenosa da área experimental da Empresa Estadual de Pesquisas Agropecuárias – EMEPA, localizada no município de Lagoa Seca (PB). Foram realizados, ao longo da área experimental, um total de 65 testes de infiltração, por meio do infiltrômetro de anel. Os modelos de Horton, Kostiakov e Kostiakov-Lewis foram ajustados aos dados obtidos em campo com o infiltrômetro de anel. Dentre os modelos testados, o proposto por Horton foi o que apresentou o melhor desempenho. Entretanto, os prognósticos dos modelos de Horton, Kostiakov e Kostiakov-Lewis foram praticamente similares.Conocer las estimativas de algunas propiedades físico hídricas del suelo, através del uso de modelos empíricos constituye una excelente alternativa de reducción de costos y de tiempo para los analisis laboratoriales, en especial pala la aplicación rápida y precisa de esos valores en projectos agrícolas. El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar la velocidad de la infiltración del agua en el suelo usando el méctodo empírico propuesto por Horton Kostiakov y Kostiakov-Lewis y cvomparar los resultados con los datos obtenidos a campo con el uso del infiltrómetro de anillo. La pesquisa se condujo en suelo de textura arenosa del área experimental de la Empresa Estadual de Pesquisas Agropecuárias –EMBRAPA, localizada en la Municipalidad de Lagoa Seca  en el Estado de Pernambuco.  Realizamos aproximadamente 65 experimentos de infiltración con el infiltrómetro de anillo. Los modelos propuestos por Horton Kostiakov y Kostiakov-Lewis fueron ajustados a los datos obtenidos a campo con el infiltrómetro de anillo. Entre todos los modelos testados el de Horton presentó los mejores resultados. Entretanto, los pronósticos de los modelos Horton Kostiakov y Kostiakov – Lewis se mostraron muy similares.The estimation of some hydro-physical properties of soil through the use of empirical models is an excellent alternative for reducing the time and cost of laboratory tests, especially for quick and precise application of those values in agricultural projects. The aim of this study is to estimate the speed of infiltration of water into the soil by means of empirical models proposed by Horton, Kostiakov and Kostiakov-Lewis and comparing the results with data obtained in the field through the ring infiltrometer. The research was conducted in sandy soil texture of the experimental area of the State Enterprise for Agricultural Research - EMEPA, located in Lagoa Seca, PB. A total of 65 tests of infiltration through the ring infiltrometer were performed along the experimental area. The models of Horton, Kostiakov and Kostiakov-Lewis, were fitted to data obtained in the field with the ring infiltrometer. Among the models tested, the one proposed by Horton had the best performance. However, the prognostic models of Horton, Kostiakov and Kostiakov-Lewis were almost similar

Visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Maranhão, Brazil: evolution of an epidemic

The authors provide a brief report on the historical evolution of visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Maranhão, Brazil, evaluating possible factors for growth of the disease in the State and control measures by the Brazilian Ministry of Health to integrate health services finto the maintenance of control programs.Os autores fazem um breve relato da evolução histórica da leishmaniose visceral no Estado do Maranhão, Brasil, avaliando as possíveis causas da expansão da referida doença no Estado, assim como as medidas de controle adotadas pelo Ministério da Saúde objetivando a diminuição da incidência da mesma.Universidade Federal do Maranhão Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de PatologiaEscola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL