The Impact of Geographic Deregulation on the American Banking Industry

Thesis advisor: Peter N. IrelandThe banking structure as it is known today in the United States largely originated in the 1930s after the onslaught of the Great Depression. The Federal Deposit Insurance Company developed deposit insurance to stabilize the industry and protect consumers. They laid down rules and regulations that shaped the banking and financial sector of the American economy into the early form of what patrons use today. Large banks were concentrated in financial centers, mostly New York, with some scattered in the west coast and other big cities. Most smaller towns had one or two state-chartered commercial banks with thrift institutions flourishing alongside. Personal and even business customers banked on a small, local scale. Sixty plus years later, the same industry structure is still in place, but its face has changed dramatically. The financial system of the United States in the 21st century is vastly different from the one that was commonly used only one generation ago. Geographic deregulation in the 1970s drastically changed the geography of the American banking industry.Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2006.Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences.Discipline: Economics Honors Program

Relationship between children's cognitions and later educational progress in rural South Africa:A longitudinal study

Background: Children in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) who remain in school have better health and employment outcomes. South Africa, like many LMIC, has a secondary school completion rate under 50%, leaving room for improvement if we can identify factors that affect educational attainment. This is the first longitudinal study to examine the effects of childhood mental health and cognitions on educational outcomes in LMIC. Methods: Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Cognitive Triad Inventory for Children (CTI-C), we assessed the psychological functioning and cognition of children aged 10-12 in rural South Africa. We linked that data with measures of educational progress collected five years later and examined associations between educational progress and 1) behavioural and emotional problems and 2) cognitive interpretations, adjusting for possible confounders. Results: Educational data was available for 443 individuals. 92% (n= 408) of individuals had advanced three or fewer grades in seven years. Having more positive cognitions (CTIC-C) was positively associated with progressing at least three grade levels (adjusted OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.14-1.79). There was no evidence for an association between emotional and behavioural problems (SDQ) and educational progress (OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.72-1.11). Conclusion: If children in LMIC can develop more positive perspectives, they may be able to stay in school longer. Cognitions can be modified, and future studies should test interventions that work to improve cognition in childhood, guided , for example, by principles of cognitive behavioral therapy

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Municipios de Cesar, Sucre y Magdalena

El siguiente documento es producto de la evaluación final correspondiente al Diplomado de Profundización “Acompañamiento Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia” de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia – UNAD. Trabajo realizado con la finalidad de instruir, la forma adecuada de llevar a cabo un proceso de acompañamiento psicosocial en personas afectadas por hechos de violencia, lo anterior, por medio de un ejercicio práctico donde se simulo la implementación de la técnica de abordaje psicosocial Imagen y Narrativa. En el ejercicio práctico realizado, se analizaron eventos psicosociales traumáticos desde una perspectiva psicológica y donde cada estudiante con una postura clara y coherente, buscaba la forma de aplicar correctamente la Técnica Imagen y Narrativa, siguiendo la estructura sugerida por la guía de actividades del diplomado en mención: Aproximación al enfoque narrativo y análisis de relatos: Se realizó un acercamiento conceptual a los enfoques narrativos en la psicología contemporánea desde un abordaje terapéutico y psicosocial de violencias sistémicas en la realidad sociopolítica colombiana. Reflexión y formulación de preguntas a partir del análisis de los relatos: Por medio del análisis y la reflexión referente al relato del caso Gloria, tomado del libro VOCES, Banco Mundial (2009). Desde la lógica narrativa se construyeron una serie de preguntas y posteriormente se aplicaron, simulando una entrevista a una persona que haya sufrido un hecho de violencia. Propuestas de abordaje psicosocial – De igual forma se analizó el caso Pandurí, el cual desde un abordaje académico, se buscó generar en los estudiantes reflexiones de cómo emprender estrategias de acompañamiento psicosocial en el tipo de sucesos que vivió la población del caso objetivo de análisis.The following document is the product of the final evaluation corresponding to the Diploma of Deepening "Psychosocial Accompaniment in Violence Scenarios" of the National Open University and Distance - UNAD. Work done for the purpose of instruction, the appropriate way to carry out a process of psychosocial accompaniment in appropriate people for acts of violence, the above, through a practical exercise where the implementation of the technique of psychosocial approach is simulated. Image and Narrative. In the practical exercise carried out, traumatic psychosocial events will be analyzed from a psychological perspective and where each student with a clear and coherent position, will look for the way to apply the technique of image and narrative, following the structure suggested by the guide of activities of the graduate in mention: Approach to the narrative approach and relationship analysis: A conceptual approach to narrative approaches in contemporary psychology was made to a therapeutic and psychosocial approach to systemic violence in the Colombian sociopolitical reality. Reflection and formulation of the questions based on the analysis of the stories: World Bank (2009). From the narrative logic a series of questions was constructed and then applied, once and for all to a person that has been a fact of violence. Proposals for a psychosocial approach - The Pandurí case was also analyzed, which is an academic approach. It was sought to generate in the students Reflections of how the psychosocial accompaniment strategies in the type of events that lived The population of the case analysi

El papel de la asociatividad y su relación con el desempeño de las organizaciones

Agro-industrial projects are standing out from other sectors due to the social and economic development component they bring to vulnerable populations at the rural level. Among these, fish farming organisations are increasingly turning to academic environments with the aim of increasing organisational performance, due to the complexity of markets. In this sense, it is necessary to analyse the role of variables such as associativity and its relationship with performance. For these purposes, confirmatory factor analysis and a correlational study are used to observe how associativity can be an element that enhances the results of these organisations. The results show that the items used explain 62.24 % of the construct of associativity (KMO= 0.789) and organisational performance (KMO= 0.848). The Pearson correlation index between associativity and performance was 72.4 % and p-value <0.005, indicating a moderate relationship between the constructs. The main findings highlight that accessing associativity benefits, joint training and receiving joint instructions to improve processes are key components of associativity that are conducive to performance in the organisations analysed.Los proyectos agroindustriales están destacándose frente a otros sectores debido al componente de desarrollo social y económico que tienen con poblaciones vulnerables a nivel rural. Entre estos proyectos, las organizaciones piscícolas recurren cada vez más a entornos académicos, con el objetivo de aumentar el desempeño organizacional debido a la complejidad de los mercados. En este sentido, se requiere analizar el papel de variables como la asociatividad y su relación con el desempeño y para estos fines se emplea el análisis factorial confirmatorio y un estudio correlacional, que permitan observar cómo la asociatividad puede ser un elemento que potencie los resultados de estas organizaciones. Así, los resultados han demostrado que los ítems utilizados explican en un 62,24 % el constructo de la asociatividad (KMO = 0,789) y el desempeño organización (KMO = 0,848). El índice de correlación de Pearson entre la asociatividad y el desempeño fue de 72,4 % y de p-valor < 0,005, lo que indica una relación moderada entre los constructos. Los hallazgos principales destacan que acceder a ventajas de asociatividad, capacitaciones conjuntas y recibir instrucciones vinculadas para mejorar los procesos son componentes clave de la asociatividad que propician el desempeño en las organizaciones analizadas

Children's mental health in a rural, socioeconomically disadvantaged area of South Africa

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

The Art Room: An evaluation of a targeted school-based group intervention for students with emotional and behavioural difficulties.

Highlights • Psychological problems put children at risk for poorer outcomes later in life. • The Art Room reduces children's difficulties and improves prosocial behavior. • Providing a positive and supportive environment is crucial. • Significant gains can be achieved using school-based interventions

Childhood psychological problems in school settings in rural Southern Africa.

Many children can be exposed to multiple adversities in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) placing them at potential risk of psychological problems. However, there is a paucity of research using large representative cohorts examining the psychological adjustment of children in school settings in these countries. Children's psychological adjustment has been shown to affect educational progress which is critical for their future. This study, based in a rural, socio-economically disadvantaged area of South Africa, aimed to examine the prevalence of children's psychological problems as well as possible risk and protective factors.Rates of psychological problems in 10-12 year olds were examined using teacher- and child-report questionnaires. Data on children from 10 rural primary schools, selected by stratified random sampling, were linked to individual and household data from the Agincourt health and socio-demographic surveillance system collected from households over 15 years.A total of 1,025 children were assessed. Teachers identified high levels of behavioural and emotional problems (41%). Children reported lower, but substantial rates of anxiety/depression (14%), and significant post-traumatic stress symptoms (24%); almost a quarter felt unsafe in school. Risk factors included being a second-generation former refugee and being from a large household. Protective factors highlight the importance of maternal factors, such as being more educated and in a stable partnership.The high levels of psychological problems identified by teachers are a serious public health concern, as they are likely to impact negatively on children's education, particularly given the large class sizes and limited resources in rural LMIC settings. Despite the high levels of risk, a proportion of children were managing well and research to understand resilience could inform interventions

Bar chart depicting children’s perception of their school environment (percent response).

<p>Bar chart depicting children’s perception of their school environment (percent response).</p

Multiple regressions for teacher- and child-reported questionnaires identifying risk factors.

<p>Multiple regressions for teacher- and child-reported questionnaires identifying risk factors.</p