Variações da produtividade oceânica ao largo da Península Ibérica durante o MIS 5 e a sua relação com a Circulação Thermohalina = Open ocean productivity changes off Iberia during MIS 5 and its relation to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

O estudo mostrou que a produtividade oceânica ao largo da costa ocidental Portuguesa é maior durante as fases frias do Estádio 5 e durante os Estádios Glaciares 4 e 6, sugerindo uma maior disponibilidade de nutrientes durante esses períodos. Os dados de d13C, variações da granulometria e parâmetros magnéticos, sugerem correntes de fundo mais fortes durante os períodos frios, concordantes com uma maior contribuição das correntes de fundo austrais na margem Este do Atlântico Norte. Os nossos dados sugerem uma ligação entre a variação da produtividade oceânica e a circulação termohalina

Lethal and sublethal toxicity of Fipronil and Imidacloprid on Psyttalia concolor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).

Psyttalia concolor (Szèpligeti) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a koinobiont endoparasitoid of several species of tephritid (Diptera) larvae, such as Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Here, we report on the effects of imidacloprid and fipronil on P. concolor females, when different routes of exposure were evaluated: residual contact (cover and bait sprays) and via treatment of host species. Moreover, the persistence of the bait formulated compound also was studied. For each experiment, lethal (mortality) and sublethal effects (parasitization rate or longevity) were studied. Fipronil produced 100% mortality irrespective of exposure route, and it was very persistent, because 34-d-old residues still produced this high mortality rate, being as toxic or even more toxic than the reference product dimethoate. Toxicity of imidacloprid depends on the mode of exposure, although always remained less toxic than dimethoate. Imidacloprid caused high mortality or sublethal effect to the progeny in cover sprays and when applied via treated host, being harmless in bait sprays application. In conclusion, our results suggest that fipronil should not be used in the field when the parasitoid is present. On the contrary, although imidacloprid is physiologically active against females of P. concolor, ecological selectivity may result through the use of bait treatmen

The neuronal ischemic tolerance is conditioned by the Tp53 Arg72Pro polymorphism

Cerebral preconditioning (PC) confers endogenous brain protection after stroke. Ischemic stroke patients with a prior transient ischemic attack (TIA) may potentially be in a preconditioned state. Although PC has been associated with the activation of prosurvival signals, the mechanism by which preconditioning confers neuroprotection is not yet fully clarified. Recently, we have described that PC-mediated neuroprotection against ischemic insult is promoted by p53 destabilization, which is mediated by its main regulatorMDM2. Moreover, we have previously described that the human Tp53 Arg72Pro single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) controls susceptibility to ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis and governs the functional outcome of patients after stroke. Here, we studied the contribution of the human Tp53 Arg72Pro SNP on PC-induced neuroprotection after ischemia. Our results showed that cortical neurons expressing the Pro72-p53 variant exhibited higher PC-mediated neuroprotection as compared with Arg72-p53 neurons. PC prevented ischemia-induced nuclear and cytosolic p53 stabilization in Pro72-p53 neurons. However, PC failed to prevent mitochondrial p53 stabilization, which occurs in Arg72-p53 neurons after ischemia. Furthermore, PC promoted neuroprotection against ischemia by controlling the p53/active caspase-3 pathway in Pro72-p53, but not in Arg72-p53 neurons. Finally, we found that good prognosis associated to TIA within 1 month prior to ischemic stroke was restricted to patients harboring the Pro72 allele. Our findings demonstrate that the Tp53 Arg72Pro SNP controls PC-promoted neuroprotection against a subsequent ischemic insult bymodulatingmitochondrial p53 stabilization and then modulates TIA-induced ischemic tolerance.This work was funded by The Instituto de Salud Carlos III grants CP14/00010 (M.D.-E.); PI15/00473 and RD12/0014/ 0007 (A.A.); CM14/00096 (ME.R.-A.); RD16/0019/0018 (C.R.); and Junta de Castilla y Leon grant BIO/SA35/15 (M.D.-E.), and the European Regional Development Fund (R.V.) was funded by the FPU program (Ministerio de Educación)

Intracranial atherosclerotic plaque enhancement and long-term risk of future strokes: A prospective, longitudinal study

Background and Purpose The prognostic significance of postcontrast enhancement of intracranial atheromatous plaque is uncertain. Prospective, long-term follow-up studies in Caucasians, using a multicenter design, are lacking. We aimed to evaluate whether this radiological sign predicts long-term new stroke in symptomatic and asymptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) patients. Methods This was a prospective, observational, longitudinal, multicenter study. We included a symptomatic and an asymptomatic cohort of ICAD patients that underwent 3T MRI including high-resolution sequences focused on the atheromatous plaque. We evaluated grade of stenosis, plaque characteristics, and gadolinium enhancement ratio (postcontrast plaque signal/postcontrast corpus callosum signal). The occurrence of new events was evaluated at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and annually thereafter. The association between plaque characteristics and new stroke was studied using Cox multiple regression survival analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves. Results Forty-eight symptomatic and 13 asymptomatic patients were included. During 56.3 ± 16.9 months, 11 patients (18%) suffered a new event (seven ischemic, two hemorrhagic, and two transient ischemic attacks). A receiver operating characteristic curve identified an enhancement ratio of >1.77 to predict a new event. In a multivariable Cox regression, postcontrast enhancement ratio >1.77 (hazard ratio [HR]= 3.632; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.082-12.101) and cerebral microbleeds (HR = 5.244; 95% CI, 1.476-18.629) were independent predictors of future strokes. Patients with a plaque enhancement ratio >1.77 had a lower survival free of events (p < .05). Conclusions High intracranial postcontrast enhancement is a long-term predictor of new stroke in ICAD patients. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether postcontrast enhancement reflects inflammatory activity of intracranial atheromatous plaque.This study has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, via FIS project PI13/02544, PI16/01396, and PI19/01398 and through the INVICTUS PLUS research network RD16/0019. Beatriz Gómez-Vicente received a research contract from the Junta de Castilla y León and European Social Fund, Spain. María Hernandez-Perez was funded by The Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (JR17/00006)

Epicrania fugax with backward radiation: clinical characteristics of nine new cases

Epicrania fugax (EF) is a novel syndrome, described as a paroxysmal and brief head pain, starting in posterior cranial regions and rapidly spreading forward ipsilateral eye, nose or forehead. Two patients with comparable clinical features stemming from frontal scalp to ipsilateral posterior regions have been recently described and proposed as backward radiation epicrania fugax (BREF). We report a new series of nine BREF and compare their clinical characteristics with 18 forward radiation EF (FREF). Since first description of BREF in February 2010 we have assessed nine patients (four males, five females) with this clinical picture at an outpatient headache office in a Tertiary Hospital. Comparison is established with 18 FREF patients (6 males, 12 females), attended since the publication of first series of EF in March 2008. We found no differences between BREF and FREF, respectively, in age at onset (43.4 ± 13.1 vs. 42.5 ± 17.7 years), female/male ratio (5/4 vs. 12/6), pain intensity (6.9 ± 2.1 vs. 6.8 ± 2.1 in a 0–10 visual analogical scale), duration (7.1 ± 4.9 vs. 5.7 ± 4.3 s) and frequency of episodes per day (7 ± 8.4 vs. 9.9 ± 15.4). Patients in BREF group presented less frequently interictal pain in stemming point (22.2 vs. 55.5%) and accompanying autonomic signs (33.3 vs. 55.5%), but without statistical significance in both the cases. This series reinforces the proposal of EF as a new headache variant or a new headache syndrome. Clinical picture of brief pain paroxysms starting in the anterior scalp and radiating backwards does not fit known headaches or neuralgias and might correspond to a reverse variant of EF, clinical characteristics of which are comparable to FREF

Brain atrophy and the risk of futile endovascular reperfusion in acute ischemic stroke

[Background and Purpose]: We aimed to evaluate the impact of brain atrophy on long-term clinical outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with endovascular therapy, and more specifically, to test whether there are interactions between the degree of atrophy and infarct volume, and between atrophy and age, in determining the risk of futile reperfusion.[Methods]: We studied consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke with proximal anterior circulation intracranial arterial occlusions treated with endovascular therapy achieving successful arterial recanalization. Brain atrophy was evaluated on baseline computed tomography with the global cortical atrophy scale, and Evans index was calculated to assess subcortical atrophy. Infarct volume was assessed on control computed tomography at 24 hours using the formula for irregular volumes (A×B×C/2). Main outcome variable was futile recanalization, defined by functional dependence (modified Rankin Scale score >2) at 3 months. The predefined interactions of atrophy with age and infarct volume were studied in regression models.[Results]: From 361 consecutive patients with anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke treated with endovascular therapy, 295 met all inclusion criteria. Futile reperfusion was observed in 144 out of 295 (48.8%) patients. Cortical atrophy affecting parieto-occipital and temporal regions was associated with futile recanalization. Total global cortical atrophy score and Evans index were independently associated with futile recanalization in an adjusted logistic regression. Multivariable adjusted regression models disclosed significant interactions between global cortical atrophy score and infarct volume (odds ratio, 1.003 [95%CI, 1.002–1.004], P<0.001) and between global cortical atrophy score and age (odds ratio, 1.001 [95% CI, 1.001–1.002], P<0.001) in determining the risk of futile reperfusion.[Conclusions]: A higher degree of cortical and subcortical brain atrophy is associated with futile endovascular reperfusion in anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke. The impact of brain atrophy on insufficient clinical recovery after endovascular reperfusion appears to be independently amplified by age and by infarct volume.This study has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, via FIS projects PI13/02544 and PI16/01396, and through the INVICTUS PLUS research network RD16/0019.Peer reviewe

Epidemiologic Features and Control Measures during Monkeypox Outbreak, Spain, June 2022

During June 2022, Spain was one of the countries most affected worldwide by a multicountry monkeypox outbreak with chains of transmission without identified links to disease-endemic countries. We provide epidemiologic features of cases reported in Spain and the coordinated measures taken to respond to this outbreak.S

Utilidad pronóstica de las diferentes secuencias de la tomografía computerizada de perfusión en el tratamiento trombolítico del ictus isquémico

La Tomografía Computerizada de Perfusión (PCT) con su mapas de imagen es capaz de definir la penumbra isquémica y el core del infarto. La imagen fuente del PCT (PCT-SI), gracias a su adquisición dinámica de imágenes surge como una técnica prometedora para evaluar la circulación arterial colateral leptomeníngea (CCAL) y predecir el pronóstico de los pacientes con ictus isquémico. Objetivos: 1) Evaluar la frecuencia, seguridad y eficacia de la trombólisis-endovenosa guiada por criterios-PCT en pacientes con ictus isquémico a priori excluibles por criterios tradicionales de SIST-MOST. 2) En pacientes con ictus de >4.5h de evolución seleccionados por PCT, estudiar si la elegibilidad y la respuesta a la trombólisis esndovenosa es comparable entre los pacientes con inicio conocido vs desconocido de los síntomas. 3) Estudiar el impacto pronóstico de la CCAL evaluada por la PCT-SI sobre la respuesta al tPA-intravenoso (iv) en pacientes con ictus isquémico de arteria cerebral media (ACM). 4)Identificar el mejor predictor de la CCAL entre los parámetros cuantitativos de los mapas de PCT y 5) analizar si una respuesta a la recanalización arterial precoz tras el tPA-iv está modulada por dichos parámetros. Métodos: se trata de 4 trabajos longitudinales de cohortes hospitalarias de pacientes con ictus isquémico ingresados en la Unidad de Ictus, tratados con trombólisis-endovenosa y con PCT previo. El primer trabajo, incluyó a los pacientes que cumplían los siguientes supuestos: inicio>4.5h, inicio desconocido ó del despertar, signos precoces de infarto extenso, ictus minor ó severo, inicio con crisis epilépticas. En el segundo trabajo, se incluyeron pacientes con ictus de >4.5h de evolución, dividiendo la muestra en función si el inicio del ictus era conocido ó desconocido. El tercer y cuarto trabajo incluyó pacientes con ictus de ACM y oclusión de la misma detectada con estudio neurosonológico, los pacientes del último trabajo debían presentar un patrón target-mismatch. En el tercer y cuarto trabajo se analizaron las PCT-SI para evaluar el grado de la CCAL. Las variables pronósticas de los trabajos fueron: buen pronóstico 3-mes, mejoría neurológica <24h, recanalización arterial, volumen infarto 24h y transformación hemorrágica sintomática (THS) Resultados: En el primer trabajo, de los 66 pacientes incluidos, 29 (44%) recibieron tPA-iv según criterios-PCT. De ellos 2 (6.9%) presentaron THS y 18 (62.1%) tuvieron buen pornóstico en el día-90. En el segundo trabajo, se incluyeron 147 pacientes, de los cuales 74 tenían inicio conocido vs 73 que desconocian el inicio de la clínica. 37 (50%) del primer grupo y 32 (44%) del segundo fueron tratados con trombólisis-endovenosa según criterios-PCT. No hubo diferencias respectos al buen pronóstico (62.2% vs 56.3%) ni a la THS (3% vs 0%). En el tercer trabajo, presentar buenas CCAL predecia de manera independiente el buen pronóstico al 3-mes (OR 21.02 (95%CI 2.23-197.75, p=0.008). En el cuarto trabajo, el rCBV (volumen sanguíneo cerebral relativo) fue el único predictor independiente de la circulación colateral (OR 12.6 (95% CI 2.9-55.9,p=0.001) Ningun paciente con rCBV<0.93 presentó buen pronóstico al 3-mes en ausencia de recanalización-arterial precoz. Conclusiones: 1) Un 44% de los pacientes con ictus isquémico a priori excluibles según criterios tradicionales, cumplen los criterios de PCT para recibir trombólsis-endovenosa y podrían beneficiarse de él. El tratamiento trombolítico-endovenoso realizado según criterios de PCT parece tan eficaz y seguro como el realizado según criterios SIST-MOST. 2) La eligibilidad y la respuesta al tratamiento trombolítico-endovenoso guiado por criterios de PCT en pacientes con ictus de >4.5h, es comparable entre los pacientes con inicio conocido vs desconocido de la clínica. 3) La CCAL evaluada mediante la PCT-SI predice el pronóstico a largo plazo en los pacientes con ictus isquémico de ACM tratados con tPA-iv. 4) El rCBV es el parámetro de PCT que mejor predice el estado de la circulación colateral. Un valor de rCBV>0.93 se asocia de manera independiente con buenas colaterales. 5)El beneficio de la recanalización-arterial-precoz en pacientes con patrón target-mismatch parece estar modulado por el valor de rCBV previo al tratamiento trombolítico.Departamento de Medicina, Dermatología y Toxicologí

Quantified ischemic core’s radiological hypodensity and risk of parenchymal hematoma in > 4.5 h-window stroke thrombectomy

We aimed to study the relationship between the ischemic core’s (IC) radiological hypodensity and the risk of parenchymal haematoma after endovascular therapy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) presenting > 4.5 h from onset. We studied AIS patients with a proximal anterior circulation occlusion > 4.5 h from symptoms onset treated with primary EVT. The IC regions of interest (ROI) were manually delineated on pretreatment CT within the affected hemisphere and their specular ROIs on the unaffected side. IC hypodensity ratio was calculated by dividing mean Hounsfield Unit (HU) value from all ROIs in affected/unaffected hemisphere. Primary endpoint: parenchymal hematoma (PH) type hemorrhagic transformation. Secondary: poor long-term clinical outcome. From May 2015 to November 2018, 648 consecutive AIS patients received reperfusion therapies and 107 met all inclusion criteria. PH after EVT was diagnosed in 33 (31%) patients. In bivariate analyses, IC hypodensity ratio (p  4.5 h-window AIS patients treated with primary EVT, although it was not independently associated with a worse clinical outcome.This research has been partially funded by the INVICTUS PLUS Research Network in Cerebrovascular Diseases from the Instituto Carlos III, Ministery of Science, Madrid, Spain (Code RD16/0019) and by the Research Project FIS PI 16/01396 (PI Dr Arenillas), Ministery of Science, Madrid, Spain. Beatriz Gómez-Vicente received a research contract by the Junta de Castilla y León, Spain

La población inmigrante en Castilla y León

Producción CientíficaDiagnóstico demográfico regional y de la emigración exterior en Castilla y León así como de la creciente inmigración extranjera en España y la Comunidad Autónoma, incluiyendo características sociodemográficas y condiciones de vida de los inmigrantes, su inserción en el mercado laboral, carencias y medidas de integración.GeografíaObra elaborada a partir del informe encargado por el Consejo Económico y Social de Castilla y León