Diseño y prototipado de una pared de escalada controlada por un App

This Project proposes a solution for a frequent problem found in “Bouldering” (a type of rock climbing). That problem being the time it takes to set up new routes on a climbing wall due to the necessity of having new challenges for the people to constantly climb and challenge themselves without it getting old. For this, colored holds (artificially made rock imitations) or colored tape is used to mark routes according to their difficulty...En este proyecto se propone una solución para un problema presente en gimnasios de Boulder (una modalidad de escalada en roca). Este se presenta en los tiempos de mantenimiento de las paredes de escalada pues los caminos o rutas que se forman con las presas (imitaciones artificiales de rocas naturales para dichas paredes) deben ser constantemente cambiados para presentar nuevos desafíos para el usuario..

The 2008 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report to Congress

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is pleased to present the 2008 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR), the fourth in a series of reports on homelessness in the United States. The reports respond to a series of Congressional directives calling for the collection and analysis of data on homelessness. The 2008 AHAR breaks new ground by being the first report to provide year-to-year trend information on homelessness in the United States. The report provides the latest counts of homelessness nationwide—including counts of individuals, persons in families, and special population groups such as veterans and chronically homeless people. The report also covers the types of locations where people use emergency shelter and transitional housing; where people were just before they entered a residential program; how much time they spend in shelters over the course of a year; and the size and use of the U.S inventory of residential programs for homeless people. This AHAR also is the first to compare oint-in-Time estimates reported by Continuums of Care across several years

The 2009 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report to Congress

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is pleased to present the 2009 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR), the fifth in a series of reports on homelessness in the United States. The reports respond to a series of Congressional directives calling for the collection and analysis of data on homelessness. The AHAR reports provide the latest counts of homelessness nationwide—including counts of individuals, persons in families, and special population groups such as veterans and chronically homeless people. The report also covers the types of locations where people use emergency shelter and transitional housing; where people were just before they entered a residential program; how much time they spend in shelters over the course of a year; and the size and use of the U.S inventory of residential programs for homeless people. With the 2009 AHAR, we now have three complete years of data on the numbers and characteristics of sheltered homeless people, how they became homeless, and how they used the homeless services system. This is important, because we can begin to see discernable trends in homelessness, including the effects of the recession and of changes over time to the homeless services system. The 2009 AHAR also marks continued improvement in both sources of estimates of homelessness used in the reports. A larger number of communities are reporting Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) data to the AHAR, which is used in the analysis of patterns of homelessness over a year’s time. In 2009, 334 communities—representing 2,988 counties and 1,056 cities—reported usable HMIS data to the report, a sizable increase from last year’s report (222 communities). At the same time, the point-in-time (PIT) counts essential for estimating the numbers and characteristics of all homeless people, both sheltered and unsheltered, are improving as communities use more rigorous methodologies for conducting the counts. For the first time, this 2009 AHAR includes information from in-person interviews with local service providers located in nine communities nationwide. This qualitative information provides a contextual backdrop for understanding how homelessness is changing

The price of fundamental rights, a direct consequence of interference judicial, in order to maintain fiscal sustainability in the case of mothers community

En Colombia, brindarles importancia a los derechos fundamentales ha adquirido una mayor relevancia en diferentes aspectos de la vida política, económica, social y cultural. Estos derechos están positivizados en la Constitución y en normas internacionales, por lo que es responsabilidad del Estado garantizar su cumplimiento para todas las personas en el territorio. Sin embargo, la ejecución de estos derechos está sujeto a las decisiones de los jueces, quienes juegan un papel importante en su materialización. En donde se evidencia la existencia de limitaciones indirectas al desempeño y garantía de los derechos fundamentales, basadas en el concepto del gasto público y la necesidad de considerar las finanzas públicas en las decisiones judiciales. Con base en ello, se hace referencia a la sostenibilidad fiscal, un procedimiento establecido para evaluar la incidencia de las providencias judiciales en la sostenibilidad fiscal. Esto ha llevado a cuestionamientos sobre si se está cambiando la argumentación jurídica de los jueces para impedir la materialización de los derechos fundamentales y evitar un impacto económico. Esto se aterriza al caso de las madres comunitarias, donde inicialmente se determinó que tenían derecho al pago de prestaciones sociales, pero posteriormente se emitió un fallo de reemplazo que ratificó la falta de reconocimiento de dichos derechos debido a consideraciones fiscales. Esto demuestra cómo la incidencia económica puede afectar negativamente la garantía de los derechos fundamentales. La necesidad de recursos financieros para la implementación de estos derechos puede limitar su materialización y protección. Esto plantea interrogantes sobre hasta qué punto es garantizado un derecho que no puede materializarse debido a consideraciones económicas y decisiones judiciales. En la práctica, la garantía de los derechos fundamentales se relativiza cuando se involucran factores económicos, lo que genera un límite en su protección.Madres ComunitariasIn Colombia, giving importance to fundamental rights has acquired a greater relevance in different aspects of political, economic, social and cultural life. These rights are positivized in the Constitution and in international standards, so it is responsibility of the State to guarantee its compliance for all people in the territory. However, the execution of these rights is subject to the decisions of the judges, who They play an important role in its materialization. Where the existence of indirect limitations on the performance and guarantee of fundamental rights, based on the concept of public spending and the need to consider public finances in decisions judicial. Based on this, reference is made to fiscal sustainability, a procedure established to evaluate the impact of judicial rulings on fiscal sustainability. This has led to questions about whether the legal argument of the judges to prevent the materialization of fundamental rights and avoid an impact economic. This comes down to the case of community mothers, where it was initially determined that were entitled to payment of social benefits, but a ruling of replacement that ratified the lack of recognition of said rights due to considerations prosecutors. This shows how economic impact can negatively affect the guarantee of fundamental rights. The need for financial resources for the implementation of These rights may limit their materialization and protection. This raises questions about to what extent is a right guaranteed that cannot be realized due to economic considerations and judicial decisions. In practice, the guarantee of rights fundamentals are relativized when economic factors are involved, which generates a limit in its protection.Magíster en Derecho ConstitucionalMaestrí

The emergence of private land conservation in scientific literature: a review

Private land conservation (PLC) is an important means for achieving global conservation targets. We reviewed peer-reviewed literature focussing on PLC to summarize past scientific evidence and to identify research trends and gaps to direct future research. We carried out an in-depth review of 284 scientific articles and analysed where, when and in what context PLC has been studied. Specifically, we (i) assessed where and when PLC studies took place and which topics they covered; (ii) identified the most addressed conservation actions and policy instruments, and (iii) investigated whether stakeholders' engagement during research processes was reported or not. We found that (i) there has been an increase in the number of scientific PLC publications over time; (ii) 78%of the articles in scientific journals focussed on four countries only (United States of America, Australia, South Africa and Canada); (iii) literature content focussed mostly on easements, programs and landowners and showed both geographical and temporal differences; (iv) land/water protection, law and policy and livelihood, economic and other incentives were the most addressed conservation actions; (v) property rights, particularly conservation easements, were the most addressed policy instrument; and (vi) half of the articles did not report the engagement of any stakeholder sector and cross-sector stakeholders' engagement was often missing. Overall, our results highlight the need for future studies on PLC to cover currently underrepresented regions; to assess the effec-tiveness of more conservation actions and policy instruments; and to test how engaging different stakeholders can potentially promote legitimate and equitable PLC policies across contexts.Peer reviewe

The 2007 Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress

The 2007 AHAR is the first AHAR based on an entire year of data about persons who use emergency and transitional housing programs. In addition, the report contains new information about the seasonal patterns of homelessness and long-term users of shelters and presents new appendices that provide community-level information on the number of homeless persons

The Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is pleased to present this national report on homelessness in America. The report was developed in response to Congressional directives that began in 2001 and charged the Department with assisting communities to implement local Homeless Management Information Systems or HMIS. The primary goals in promoting local HMIS implementation are to improve the delivery of services to homeless clients and to increase understanding of their characteristics and needs at the local and national levels. According to Senate Report 109-109, The implementation of this new system would allow the Department to obtain meaningful data on the nation’s homeless population and develop annual reports through an Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR)

Propuesta de un modelo de volatilidad a los precios de cierre en las acciones CÉMEX LATAM HOLDINGS durante el periodo 15/noviembre/2012 al 27/octubre/2017

    This paper presents a volatility model that explains the returns of daily closing prices of the CLH shares of the multinational company for the construction industry CEMEX, taking as reference the volatility with mobile window 20 data and conditional volatility models such such as GARCH, TGARCH, IGARCH, EGARCH and APARCH. The model that best explains the volatility of the returns is the IGARCH (1,1).  En este trabajo se presenta un modelo de volatilidad que explique los retornos de precios de cierre diarios de las acciones CLH de la compañía multinacional para la industria de la construcción CEMEX, tomando como referencia la volatilidad con ventana móvil 20 datos y modelos de volatilidad condicional tales como los GARCH, TGARCH, IGARCH, EGARCH y APARCH. El modelo que mejor explica la volatilidad condicional de los retornos es el IGARCH(1,1)