Detection of Cherry Leaf Roll Virus in intensively managed grafted English (Persian) walnut trees in Italy

Blackline disease, caused by Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV), is considered a serious threat limiting English walnut (Juglans regia L.) production in Italy and the EU if walnut species other than J. regia are used as rootstock. In spring 2014, canopy decline or death of several walnut trees associated with presence of a necrotic strip at the rootstock-scion junction was observed on plants grafted onto \u2018Paradox' (J. hindsii 7 J. regia) in a commercial orchard located in the Veneto region (north-eastern Italy). To ascertain the presence of CLRV in this orchard and in other walnut intensively managed orchards located in the same region, a monitoring was carried out in 2014- 2015

Salvo D'Angelo produttore europeo

Produttore dimenticato o spesso accusato di essere un avventuriero ambizioso e megalomane, Salvo D’Angelo fu piuttosto un imprenditore audace. In soli cinque anni (1947-1952) produsse una serie di capolavori come La terra trema, un film epico come Fabiola e la sua prima co-produzione francese, La bellezza del diavolo, dimostrando una precoce consapevolezza circa l’importanza dell’industria cinematografica europea rispetto ad altri produttori. Nonostante il successo di questi film, Universalia fallì – ma D’Angelo tenne segrete le ragioni del fallimento, per lealtà nei confronti dei suoi partner. Ruppe il suo silenzio solamente dopo il suo ritiro dalla produzione, quando rivendicò un ruolo di primo piano in Germania anno zero di Roberto Rossellini. La storia di Salvo D’Angelo rivela le differenze tra i bisogni e le ambizioni dell’industria cinematografica italiana e i modi in cui si tentò di rispondervi. Invece di supportare la produzione cinematografica, le politiche economiche del governo De Gasperi innescarono una catena di eventi, che, indipendentemente dal merito dei prodotti e dalle dinamiche del mercato, portarono fatalmente al fallimento dell’Universalia, colpita da "fuoco amico".Though often forgotten or considered to be a megalomaniac, ambitious adventurer, Salvo D’Angelo was in fact a very intrepid producer. In just five years (1947-1952) he produced a series of masterpieces including "La terra trema", an epic like "Fabiola", and the first official Italian-French coproduction, "La bellezza del diavolo", and he was evidently well-aware of the importance of the European film industry far before many other producers. Despite the success of these films, Universalia went bankrupt – though D’Angelo kept secret the reasons for this failure, out of loyalty to his partner. He then retired from film business and broke his silence later on, in order to claim his role as producer of "Germania anno zero" (Roberto Rossellini). The story of Salvo D’Angelo reveals the gap between needs and ambitions of the Italian film industry, and the way to fill it, during the postwar years. Rather than supporting film production, the economic policies of the De Gasperi government caused difficulties in securing finance and gave rise to the failure of Universalia, a victim of friendly fire

Italian film producers and the challenge of Soviet co-productions : Franco Cristaldi and the case of the red tent

This article explores the little-known history of Italian-Soviet film productions by means of a close analysis of the production history of one such coproduction, The Red Tent (1969). Produced by Franco Cristaldi’s company Vides and the Russian Mosfilm, and directed by Michail Kalatozov, the film featured an international cast including Peter Finch, Sean Connery and Claudia Cardinale. Centred on the story of Umberto Nobile’s calamitous scientific expedition to the Arctic in 1928, the film was as much a product of the easing of East-West tensions in the Khrushchev era as of the growing networks of collaboration in European and international cinema. Documents from the Cristaldi archive are employed to offer a detailed reconstruction of the film’s production from economic, political, logistical and artistic points of view. The challenges were numerous starting with the need to ensure the cooperation of the still-living Nobile. Filming was interrupted following the Russian invasion of Prague in 1968, but nonetheless it was completed and the film found an international distribution, with the American sale making a crucial contribution to the viability of the project. Although, in contrast to the original intention, no further films were made that followed this production model, The Red Tent constitutes a key example of the creativity shown by Italian producers in forging novel patterns of international production

La parità nei piani di ripresa

Piani nazionale di ripresa e resilienza in Europa: a che punto siamo con la parità e qual è la situazione dell'Italia? L'analisi di due economiste a partire dal monitoraggio diffuso dalla Ragioneria generale dello Stato

Estudio sobre las medidas de seguridad en el ordenamiento juridico chileno

La siguiente tesis no es autorizada por el autor para su difusion en formato digitalLas medidas de seguridad al igual que las penas son una consecuencia jurídica del delito. Nacen a finales del siglo XIX. A través de la medida se busca prevenir el delito y para ello se aplican estas medidas a sujetos altamente peligrosos condicionados a delinquir. Actualmente la doctrina ha establecido que las medidas de seguridad son una consecuencia jurídica del delito y resultan aplicables siempre que el sujeto haya cometido un hecho típico y antijurídico pero que la ley ha eximido de total o parcialmente de responsabilidad penal. En Chile, la doctrina poco se ha preocupado de analizar las medidas reguladas en el Código Procesal Penal las cuales sólo resultan aplicables al enajenado mental, por lo que resulta interesante y necesario conocer el procedimiento aplicable con la finalidad de ver si éstas son verdaderamente eficaces y cumplen con los fines y principios de un Estado Democrático de derecho. ABSTRACT: Safety measures and punishments are legal consequences of crime. They arise in the late nineteenth century. These measures seek to prevent crime and are applied to highly dangerous subjects that are likely to engage in crime. Currently, the doctrine has established that safety measures are a legal consequence of crime and are applicable if the individual has committed a typical and unlawful act but that the law has fully or partially exempted from criminal responsibility In Chile, the doctrine has not analyzed carefully the safety measures regulated by the Criminal Procedural Code, which are only applicable to persons with mental disabilities. It is therefore interesting and necessary to know the procedure in order to see if they are truly effective and accomplish the purposes and principles of a democratic constitutional state

Primed real estate : film producers and land development, a conversation with Karl Schoonover and Barbara Corsi

Karl Schoonover and Barbara Corsi about the shared history of film financing and real estate redevelopment that they discovered in the archives of Italian cinema production during the 1950s and 1960s. The dialogue between Schoonover and Corsi proposes a crucial reframing of Italy’s ‘cinema of economic miracle,’ and in doing so, exposes how the business of property inflected stardom, the depiction of landscape, tourist films, and cinema aesthetics

Role of iron and ferritin in TNFα-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells

AbstractWe found that tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells was accompanied by a ∼2-fold increase in H- and L-ferritin and a decrease in transferrin receptor, two indices of increased iron availability. Iron supplementation and overexpression of H-ferritin or its mutant with an inactivated ferroxidase center reduced by about ∼50% the number of apoptotic cells after TNFα-treatment, while overexpression of L-ferritin was ineffective. The data indicate that H-ferritin has an anti-apoptotic activity unrelated to its ferroxidase activity and to its capacity to modify cellular iron metabolism

Human Mitochondrial Ferritin Expressed in HeLa Cells Incorporates Iron and Affects Cellular Iron Metabolism

Mitochondrial ferritin (MtF) is a newly identified ferritin encoded by an intronless gene on chromosome 5q23.1. The mature recombinant MtF has a ferroxidase center and binds iron in vitro similarly to H-ferritin. To explore the structural and functional aspects of MtF, we expressed the following forms in HeLa cells: the MtF precursor (approximately 28 kDa), a mutant MtF precursor with a mutated ferroxidase center, a truncated MtF lacking the approximately 6-kDa mitochondrial leader sequence, and a chimeric H-ferritin with this leader sequence. The experiments show that all constructs with the leader sequence were processed into approximately 22-kDa subunits that assembled into multimeric shells electrophoretically distinct from the cytosolic ferritins. Mature MtF was found in the matrix of mitochondria, where it is a homopolymer. The wild type MtF and the mitochondrially targeted H-ferritin both incorporated the (55)Fe label in vivo. The mutant MtF with an inactivated ferroxidase center did not take up iron, nor did the truncated MtF expressed transiently in cytoplasm. Increased levels of MtF both in transient and in stable transfectants resulted in a greater retention of iron as MtF in mitochondria, a decrease in the levels of cytosolic ferritins, and up-regulation of transferrin receptor. Neither effect occurred with the mutant MtF with the inactivated ferroxidase center. Our results indicate that exogenous iron is as available to mitochondrial ferritin as it is to cytosolic ferritins and that the level of MtF expression may have profound consequences for cellular iron homeostasis