Especies de moluscos no-nativos de América del Sur

Una de las mayores amenazas para la biodiversidad es la introducción de especies no-nativas. Algunas de estas desarrollan un comportamiento invasivo, causando graves daños en los ecosistemas receptores. En América del Sur, los moluscos nonativos e invasores fueron uno de los focos de discusión en el 1CAM (1er. Congreso Argentino de Malacología, 2013). Ese encuentro permitió resaltar que la información sobre las especies no-nativas en la región era escasa, dispersa, incompleta y críptica. En el año 2016 se inició el relevamiento de especies de moluscos no-nativas e invasoras de América del Sur, a fin de generar el conocimiento base para futuros estudios, el cual considera solo las especies introducidas desde otros continentes y aquellas criptogénicas (no se conoce con certeza su origen).Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Endothelial cell activation mediated by cold ischemia-released mitochondria is partially inhibited by defibrotide and impacts on early allograft function following liver transplantation

DAMPs (danger-associated molecular patterns) are self-molecules of the organism that appear after damage. The endothelium plays several roles in organ rejection, such as presenting alloantigens to T cells and contributing to the development of inflammation and thrombosis. This study aimed to assess whether DAMPs present in the organ preservation solution (OPS) after cold ischemic storage (CIS) contribute to exacerbating the endothelial response to an inflammatory challenge and whether defibrotide treatment could counteract this effect. The activation of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was analyzed after challenging with end-ischemic OPS (eiOPS) obtained after CIS. Additionally, transwell assays were performed to study the ability of eiOPS to attract lymphocytes across the endothelium. The study revealed that eiOPS upregulated the expression of MCP-1 and IL-6 in HUVECs. Moreover, eiOPS increased the membrane expression of ICAM-1and HLA-DR, which facilitated leukocyte migration toward a chemokine gradient. Furthermore, eiOPS demonstrated its chemoattractant ability. This activation was mediated by free mitochondria. Defibrotide was found to partially inhibit the eiOPS-mediated activation. Moreover, the eiOPS-mediated activation of endothelial cells (ECs) correlated with early allograft dysfunction in liver transplant patients. Our finding provide support for the hypothesis that mitochondria released during cold ischemia could trigger EC activation, leading to complications in graft outcomes. Therefore, the analysis and quantification of free mitochondria in the eiOPS samples obtained after CIS could provide a predictive value for monitoring the progression of transplantation. Moreover, defibrotide emerges as a promising therapeutic agent to mitigate the damage induced by ischemia in donated organs

A multinational observational study exploring adherence with the kidney disease : improving global outcomes recommendations for prevention of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery

BACKGROUND: The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines recommend a bundle of different measures for patients at increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). Prospective, single-center, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that management in accordance with the KDIGO recommendations was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative AKI in high-risk patients. However, compliance with the KDIGO bundle in routine clinical practice is unknown. METHODS: This observational prevalence study was performed in conjunction with a prospective RCT investigating the role of the KDIGO bundle in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery. A 2-day observational prevalence study was performed in all participating centers before the RCT to explore routine clinical practice. The participating hospitals provided the following data: demographics and surgical characteristics, AKI rates, and compliance rates with the individual components of the bundle. RESULTS: Ninety-five patients were enrolled in 12 participating hospitals. The incidence of AKI within 72 hours after cardiac surgery was 24.2%. In 5.3% of all patients, clinical management was fully compliant with all 6 components of the bundle. Nephrotoxic drugs were discontinued in 52.6% of patients, volume optimization was performed in 70.5%, 52.6% of the patients underwent functional hemodynamic monitoring, close monitoring of serum creatinine and urine output was undertaken in 24.2% of patients, hyperglycemia was avoided in 41.1% of patients, and no patient received radiocontrast agents. The patients received on average 3.4 (standard deviation [SD] +/- 1.1) of 6 supportive measures as recommended by the KDIGO guidelines. There was no significant difference in the number of applied measures between AKI and non-AKI patients (3.2 [SD +/- 1.1] vs 3.5 [SD +/- 1.1]; P = .347). CONCLUSIONS: In patients after cardiac surgery, compliance with the KDIGO recommendations was low in routine clinical practice