18 research outputs found

    IDOSOS E O USO DE TECNOLOGIAS ASSISTIVAS EM CASA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA

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    Assistive Technologies (ATs) have great potential for healthy aging at home. Its activity reaches several sectors and it focuses on the progressive demand for improvements and new solutions. In this sense, this article aims to understand the studies direction related to ATs development, focusing on the elderly and domestic environment, in the last five years. For this, a systematic literature review was carried out in four stages according to the PRISMA recommendations. Scopus, SciELO and Google Scholar were used as databases, based on pre-defined terms, with publications in English and Portuguese and the period from 2015 to 2019. 36 studies were chosen for this review, observing the development of technologies related to physical and digital artifacts, ambient assisted living, wearable and immersive products, in addition to the services implementation for home environment. From the totality of studies, it was noticeable the valuation of issues related to privacy, cost and customization, in addition to the emergence of new action contexts when compared to the related works.As Tecnologias Assistivas (TAs) possuem grande potencial de auxiliar o envelhecimento saudável em casa e seus campos de atuação atingem diversos setores, exigindo a demanda progressiva de melhoramentos e novas soluções. Nesse sentido, este artigo objetiva compreender o direcionamento dos estudos relacionados ao desenvolvimento de TAs com foco em idosos no ambiente doméstico, nos últimos 5 anos. Para isso, uma revisão sistemática de literatura em quatro etapas foi realizada segundo as recomendações PRISMA. Scopus, SciELO e Google Scholar foram utilizados como bases de dados, com termos pré-definidos em publicações em Inglês e Português, no período de 2015 a 2019. Foram elegidos 36 estudos para a revisão, observando-se a presença do desenvolvimento de tecnologias relativas a artefatos físicos e digitais, ambientes de vida assistida, produtos vestíveis e imersivos, além da implementação de serviços para o ambiente doméstico. Da análise dos estudos, percebeu-se a valorização de questões relativas à privacidade, custo e personalização nos projetos, além do surgimento de novos contextos de ação quando comparado aos trabalhos relacionados anteriores

    AVALIAÇÃO + NORMALIZAÇÃO: DESIGN COMO MODERADOR NA ANÁLISE DE BENS DE CONSUMO

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    The design of packaging products depends on knowledge of different areas, including those focused on mechanical quality, such as in Mechanical, Chemical and Production Engineering, and other informational and communicative areas, such as in Product Design and Graphics. It is in this context that this research focuses on a demand from Inmetro in evaluating the usability of packaging. During its development, use was made of national quality and safety standards to define the field of study, select test batteries and regulatory guidelines, and choose sample quantities and profiles. However, even with the diversity of these standards established by ABNT (2020) and ISO (2020) there is still a gap in the guidelines that deal with ergonomics and usability of non-digital products, especially about interaction with real users. In this article, three different packaging models common to different foods from twenty different manufacturers are analyzed. Methods, tools, testing environment, sample selection and participant selection are described in the methodology section of the next topic. The results in fact point to what can be defined as a major concern that companies should have in relation to the quality of these types of packaging.O design das embalagens dos produtos depende do conhecimento de diferentes áreas, incluindo aquelas voltadas para a qualidade mecânica, como em Engenharia Mecânica, Química e de Produção, e outras informacionais e comunicativas, como em Design de Produto e Gráfico. É nesse contexto no qual esta pesquisa se debruça ante uma demanda do Inmetro na avaliação de usabilidade de embalagens. Durante o desenvolvimento desta, foi feito o uso de padrões nacionais de qualidade e de segurança para definir o campo de estudo, selecionar as baterias de teste e as diretrizes regulatórias, além de escolher as quantidades de amostra e perfis. Porém, mesmo com a diversidade dessas normas estabelecidas pela ABNT (2020) e pela ISO (2020) existe ainda uma lacuna quanto às diretrizes que tratam da ergonomia e usabilidade de produtos não digitais, principalmente no que diz respeito à interação com usuários reais. Neste artigo, são analisados ​​três diferentes modelos de embalagens comuns a diferentes alimentos, de vinte fabricantes diferentes. Os métodos, ferramentas, ambiente de teste, seleção de amostra e seleção de participantes são descritos na seção de metodologia do próximo tópico. Os resultados de fato apontam para o que se pode definir como uma maior preocupação que as empresas devem ter em relação a qualidade destes tipos de embalagens

    Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

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    Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

    Let’s Play? Safeguarding! Improving Safety Assessment Processes for Children’s Products with a Focus on Quality Infrastructure through Design

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    The act of playing is as inherent to human nature, especially in its early stages, as learning to walk. Numerous children’s products are released each year to the market at a rapid pace, and given such speed, safety concerns can be easily overlooked, which would otherwise be thoroughly analyzed, monitored, and tested. In this perspective, this case study aims to assist in the risk reduction process of children’s products, taking into consideration, among others, Ordinance INMETRO/ME – No. 302 of 07/12/2021, which presents conformity assessment requirements for toys

    ¿Vamos a jugar? ¡Seguro! Mejorando los procesos de evaluación de seguridad de productos infantiles con un enfoque en la infraestructura de calidad a través del diseño

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    El acto de jugar es tan inherente a la condición humana en sus primeras etapas como aprender a caminar. Cada año se lanzan al mercado una gran cantidad de productos infantiles, y ante tanta rapidez, es posible dejar de lado cuestiones de seguridad que a menudo no recibirían suficiente atención si fueran analizadas, supervisadas y ensayadas más minuciosamente. Desde esta perspectiva, este estudio de caso tiene como objetivo ayudar en el proceso de reducción de riesgos en productos infantiles, teniendo en cuenta, entre otros, la Ordenanza INMETRO/ME – n.° 302 del 12/07/2021, que establece los requisitos de evaluación de la conformidad para juguetes

    Vamos brincar? seguros! aperfeiçoando processos de avaliação de segurança de produtos infantis com foco na infraestrutura da qualidade por meio do design

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    O ato de brincar é algo tão inerente à condição humana de ser, em suas fases iniciais, quanto o ato de aprender a andar. Diversos produtos infantis são lançados a cada ano no mercado a uma grande velocidade, e diante de tamanha rapidez, pode-se deixar à margem da atenção questões de segurança, que muitas vezes não passariam se fossem mais bem analisadas ou fiscalizadas e ensaiadas. Dentro desta perspectiva, este estudo de caso visa auxiliar no processo de redução de riscos em produtos infantis, levando-se em consideração dentre outros, a Portaria INMETRO/ME – n 302 de 12/07/2021, que apresenta os requisitos de avaliação de conformidade para brinquedos
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