Igarapé das almas: uma cartografia da avenida Visconde de Sousa Franco, Belém – PA

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design, 2019.O espaço urbano é composto por diversos elementos que expressam o seu contexto. A presente pesquisa apresenta a forma como o espaço da Avenida Visconde de Sousa Franco, em Belém do Pará, se desenvolveu em detrimento às transformações do igarapé das Almas e das intervenções realizadas no local. A partir da análise do espaço através dos usos atribuídos a ele, encontram-se os significados existentes hoje na Avenida, que provoca uma reflexão a respeito do processo de urbanização, pela introdução da técnica de canalização no igarapé. Trata-se da discussão que permeia os propósitos pelos quais a natureza é modificada para receber uma infraestrutura urbana. Para a contextualização do espaço foi necessário realizar levantamentos bibliográficos e documental, e entrevistas com agentes pontuais para entender como se processou a transformação do espaço. Foram analisados os registros fotográficos dos elementos que compõe a Avenida e os resultados de questionários aplicados aos frequentadores locais, para a identificação dos principais usos e signos existente. Concluímos, nesta pesquisa, que a Avenida foi estruturada sob ações estratégicas, provenientes do poder público e instituições, conforme interesses que não consideravam as origens naturais do local e que geraram problemas sociais e ambientais.The urban space is composed of several elements that express its context. This research presents how the space of Avenida Visconde de Sousa Franco in Belém of Pará developed to the detriment of the transformations of the Igarapé das Almas and the interventions carried out on the site. From the analysis of space through the uses attributed to it, we find the meanings that exist today in Avenida, which provokes a reflection about the process of urbanization, by the introduction of the channeling technique in the igarapé. It is the discussion that permeates the purposes for which nature is modified to receive urban infrastructure. For the contextualization of space, it was necessary to carry out bibliographical and documentary surveys, and interviews with punctual agents to understand how the transformation of space took place. The photographic records of the elements that make up the avenue were analyzed, and the results of questionnaires applied to local visitors, to identify the main existing uses and signs. We concluded, in this research that the Avenue was structured under strategic actions, coming from the government and institutions, according to interests that did not consider the natural origins of the place and which generated social and environmental problems

Igarapé das Almas: uma cartografia da Avenida Visconde de Sousa Franco, Belém / PA

This article presents the interventions carried out on Avenida Visconde de Sousa Franco in Belém do Pará, to the detriment of the original configuration of the Almas stream, which remains today as a canal. The place is analyzed from the uses attributed to it and its meanings, it is a reflection about the process of urbanization, by the introduction of the channeling technique in the stream. We seek to understand the purposes for which space is transformed to receive urban infrastructure. For the contextualization of the space it was necessary to conduct documentary surveys and interviews with punctual agents to understand the processes of this transformation. Photographic records and questionnaires were also applied to local visitors to analyze the elements that make up the Avenue. We concluded that the changes were structured under strategic actions, coming from the government and institutions, according to interests that did not consider the natural origins of the place and which generated social and environmental problems.Apresenta-se neste artigo as intervenções realizadas na Avenida Visconde de Sousa Franco em Belém do Pará em detrimento da configuração original do igarapé das Almas situado no local, que resta hoje como um canal. O local é analisado a partir dos usos atribuídos a ele e seus significados, trata-se de uma reflexão a respeito do processo de urbanização, pela introdução da técnica de canalização no igarapé. Procura-se compreender os propósitos pelos quais o espaço é transformado para receber uma infraestrutura urbana. Para a contextualização do espaço foi necessário realizar levantamentos documentais e entrevistas com agentes pontuais para entender os processos desta transformação. Foram realizados ainda registros fotográficos e questionários aplicados aos frequentadores locais para análise dos elementos que compõem a Avenida. Deste estudo conclui-se que as mudanças foram estruturadas sob ações estratégicas, provenientes do poder público e instituições, conforme interesses que não consideravam as origens naturais do local e que geraram problemas sociais e ambientais

Neutralising antibodies for West Nile virus in horses from Brazilian Pantanal

Despite evidence of West Nile virus (WNV) activity in Colombia, Venezuela and Argentina, this virus has not been reported in most South American countries. In February 2009, we commenced an investigation for WNV in mosquitoes, horses and caimans from the Pantanal, Central-West Brazil. The sera of 168 horses and 30 caimans were initially tested using a flaviviruses-specific epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (blocking ELISA) for the detection of flavivirus-reactive antibodies. The seropositive samples were further tested using a plaque-reduction neutralisation test (PRNT90) for WNV and its most closely-related flaviviruses that circulate in Brazil to confirm the detection of specific virus-neutralising antibodies. Of the 93 (55.4%) blocking ELISA-seropositive horse serum samples, five (3%) were seropositive for WNV, nine (5.4%) were seropositive for St. Louis encephalitis virus, 18 (10.7%) were seropositive for Ilheus virus, three (1.8%) were seropositive for Cacipacore virus and none were seropositive for Rocio virus using PRNT90, with a criteria of > four-fold antibody titre difference. All caimans were negative for flaviviruses-specific antibodies using the blocking ELISA. No virus genome was detected from caiman blood or mosquito samples. The present study is the first report of confirmed serological evidence of WNV activity in Brazil

Modeling design conversation

In this paper it is reported the development of an experimental 3D physical analytical system for doing qualitative analysis, and how we examined its use in supporting conversation among the members of a design team. Our larger goals in this project were to increase the engagement of designers in collaborative analysis, and to improve the quality of the outcomes. In this paper, we concentrate on trying to understand the role of conversation in reaching these two goals. In total, we have done a series of 14 workshops; here, we discuss in detail, as a case study, just one of the sessions. We chose it because it was quite sophisticated in the sense that the participants rejected the brief and yet produced a complex meta-interpretation of the data. En este artículo, se presenta el desarrollo experimental del sistema analítico físico 3D para la realización de análisis cualitativos y cómo ha contribuido al proceso de reflexión ente los miembros del equipo de diseño. El objetivo principal de este proyecto ha sido incrementar el involucramiento de los diseñadores en los análisis colaborativos y mejorar la calidad de sus resultados. Este texto se ha focalizado en entender el rol de la conversación en la consecución de los dos objetivos. En total, se han realizado una serie de 14 workshops. Aquí se presenta en detalle, como caso de estudio, sólo una de las sesiones, seleccionada debido a que posee un estándar bastante sofisticado en relación a que los participantes rechazaron la brevedad analítica para producir, en cambio, una compleja meta-interpretación de la información.Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento experimental de um sistema analítico físico 3D para a realização de análise qualitativa e como ele tem contribuído para o processo de reflexão entre os membros da equipe de design. O principal objetivo deste projeto tem sido aumentar o envolvimento de designers na análise colaborativo e melhorar a qualidade dos seus resultados. Este texto tem como foco a compreensão do papel da conversa na realização dos objetivos. No total, houve uma série de 14 workshops. Aqui é apresentada em detalhe, como estudo de caso, apenas uma das sessões, selecionada porque ela tem um padrão bastante sofisticado: os participantes rejeitaram a brevidade analítica para produzir, em vez disso, uma meta-interpretação complexa de informação

Catheter Related Bloodstream Infection (CR-BSI) in ICU Patients: Making the Decision to Remove or Not to Remove the Central Venous Catheter

Background Approximately 150 million central venous catheters (CVC) are used each year in the United States. Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSI) are one of the most important complications of the central venous catheters (CVCs). Our objective was to compare the in-hospital mortality when the catheter is removed or not removed in patients with CR-BSI. Methods We reviewed all episodes of CR-BSI that occurred in our intensive care unit (ICU) from January 2000 to December 2008. The standard method was defined as a patient with a CVC and at least one positive blood culture obtained from a peripheral vein and a positive semi quantitative (\u3e15 CFU) culture of a catheter segment from where the same organism was isolated. The conservative method was defined as a patient with a CVC and at least one positive blood culture obtained from a peripheral vein and one of the following: (1) differential time period of CVC culture versus peripheral culture positivity of more than 2 hours, or (2) simultaneous quantitative blood culture with 5:1 ratio (CVC versus peripheral). Results 53 CR-BSI (37 diagnosed by the standard method and 16 by the conservative method) were diagnosed during the study period. There was a no statistically significant difference in the in-hospital mortality for the standard versus the conservative method (57% vs. 75%, p = 0.208) in ICU patients. Conclusion In our study there was a no statistically significant difference between the standard and conservative methods in-hospital mortality

Detection of the mosquito-borne flaviviruses, West Nile, Dengue, Saint Louis Encephalitis, Ilheus, Bussuquara, and Yellow Fever in free-ranging black howlers (Alouatta caraya) of Northeastern Argentina

Several medically important mosquito-borne flaviviruses have been detected in Argentina in recent years: Dengue (DENV), St. Louis encephalitis (SLEV), West Nile (WNV) and Yellow Fever (YFV) viruses. Evidence of Bussuquara virus (BSQV) and Ilheus virus (ILHV) activity were found, but they have not been associated with human disease. Non-human primates can act as important hosts in the natural cycle of flaviviruses and serological studies can lead to improved understanding of virus circulation dynamics and host susceptibility. From July–August 2010, we conducted serological and molecular surveys in free–ranging black howlers (Alouatta caraya) captured in northeastern Argentina. We used 90% plaque-reduction neutralization tests (PRNT90) to analyze 108 serum samples for antibodies to WNV, SLEV, YFV, DENV (serotypes 1and 3), ILHV, and BSQV. Virus genome detection was performed using generic reverse transcription (RT)-nested PCR to identify flaviviruses in 51 antibody-negative animals. Seventy animals had antibodies for one or more flaviviruses for a total antibody prevalence of 64.8% (70/108). Monotypic (13/70, 19%) and heterotypic (27/70, 39%) patterns were differentiated. Specific neutralizing antibodies against WNV, SLEV, DENV-1, DENV-3, ILHV, and BSQV were found. Unexpectedly, the highest flavivirus antibody prevalence detected was to WNV with 9 (8.33%) monotypic responses. All samples tested by (RT)-nested PCR were negative for viral genome. This is the first detection of WNV-specific antibodies in black howlers from Argentina and the first report in free-ranging non-human primates from Latin-American countries. Given that no animals had specific neutralizing antibodies to YFV, our results suggest that the study population remains susceptible to YFV. Monitoring of these agents should be strengthened to detect the establishment of sylvatic cycles of flaviviruses in America and evaluate risks to wildlife and human health.Fil: Morales, Maria Alejandra. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Fabbri, Cintia M.. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Zunino, Gabriel Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. Instituto del Conurbano; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Kowalewski, Miguel Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". Estación Biológica de Usos Múltiples (Sede Corrientes); ArgentinaFil: Luppo, Victoria C.. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Enría, Delia A.. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Levis, Silvana C.. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Calderón, Gladys Ethel. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; Argentin