Oral conditions and salivary analysis in HIV-uninfected subjects using preexposure prophylaxis

New prevention strategies have been advocated to control the progression of HIV/AIDS, such as preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential changes in the oral and salivary conditions of HIV-uninfected subjects using PrEP. Subjects were evaluated before beginning the medication (T0), at the first follow-up (T1), and at the second follow-up (T2). Xerostomia, presence of untreated cavitated caries, oral hygiene habits, taste, gingival and plaque index, stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR), and salivary concentrations of calcium, glucose, urea, and total proteins were evaluated. Data obtained were analyzed using statistical tests (p0.05), except for the salivary calcium concentration, that increased at T2 compared to T1 (p=0.02). There was significant difference between taste and xerostomia at T1 (p=0.017), and the need to drink to swallow at T2 (p=0.015). There was significant correlation between the reported amount of saliva and taste (p=0.039, r=-0.378) at T1. The prolonged use of PrEP seems to be associated with reports of dry mouth and worsening of taste, possibly associated with increased salivary calcium concentration

Lip squamous cell carcinoma in a Brazilian population : epidemiological study and clinicopathological associations

Objectives: It was evaluated epidemiological aspects of primary lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and its associations with clinicopathological factors. Study design: This retrospective, cross-sectional study analysed a sociodemographic, clinical, and morphological data of HNSCC in a Brazilian population (n=30). Data analysis included descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses using the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to compare the variables. Results: The LSCC represented 10.8% of all oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Lip malignant disease was more prevalent in elderly men, with male-to-female ratio of 5:1. Lower lip was more affected. It was observed high rates of chronic solar exposure, and tobacco and alcohol drinking habits. Clinically, early TNM staging, small tumour lesions, and non-metastatic disease were predominant findings. It was identified a high frequency of well differentiated tumor samples. Worse Karnofsky performance status was associated with cervical metastasis. Conclusions: Our findings showed that LSCC patients exhibited similar epidemiological and clinical profiles as noted in other studies. Still, the occurrence of metastatic disease was associated with a worse physical performance status of the LSCC patients during diagnosis. © Medicina Oral S. L

Prevalência de câncer em homens no sudoeste da Bahia / Prevalence of cancer in men in southwestern Bahia

Introdução: No Brasil, as doenças neoplásicas são uma das maiores causas de mortalidade, tendo desenvolvimento prolongado e progressivo. Os tipos mais comuns são sarcomas, linfomas e carcinomas, com maior prevalência entre tabagistas e etilistas especialmente em homens, refletindo em impactos significantes sobre a vida do acometido, sendo um problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Avaliar e definir o perfil epidemiológico dos indivíduos do gênero masculino com diagnóstico de câncer entre os anos de 2010 e 2016 atendidos no município de Vitória da Conquista-BA. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo retrospectivo com dados obtidos em centros de referência no tratamento antineoplásico de Vitória da Conquista, com pacientes do gênero masculino com diagnóstico entre 2010 e 2016. A amostra foi composta por 2136 prontuários. Resultados: Houve maior prevalência pelo câncer de próstata (35,5%), com média de idade para estes de 72 anos no momento do diagnóstico, e a maioria das lesões se encontrava em estádio avançado. Conclusão: O câncer de próstata e cólon e reto foram os mais prevalentes.