20 research outputs found

    As ciĂȘncias neurolĂłgicas sob a perspectiva humanista: uma experiĂȘncia pedagĂłgica utilizando filmes

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    O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar e discutir os resultados de uma experiĂȘncia de atividade de aprendizagem, a qual utilizou filmes do circuito comercial que abordam temas relacionados Ă s ciĂȘncias neurolĂłgicas. Participaram do grupo de discussĂŁo estudantes dos seguintes cursos: Artes (dois), Fisioterapia (dez), GestĂŁo ImobiliĂĄria (um) e SaĂșde Coletiva (dois), alĂ©m de um membro da comunidade externa e dois docentes. Seis filmes foram usados como recurso de favorecimento da aprendizagem e de estĂ­mulo para discussĂ”es e construção do raciocĂ­nio crĂ­tico e contextualizado baseado na exposição de situaçÔes da vida. Os participantes do grupo escreveram, coletivamente, a sinopse dos filmes projetados e selecionaram palavras-chave que refletissem o conteĂșdo explorado nas discussĂ”es pĂłs-filme. As sinopses frequentemente se referiram Ă  doença, enquanto as palavras-chave fizeram referĂȘncia aos aspectos sociais e Ă©ticos envolvidos. Os participantes fizeram uma avaliação das atividades pedagĂłgicas desenvolvidas durante o semestre, apontando pontos positivos, negativos e sugestĂ”es. Com a anĂĄlise desse material, Ă© possĂ­vel afirmar que a experiĂȘncia docente baseada na projeção de filmes facilitou o estabelecimento de inter-relaçÔes e integraçÔes disciplinares, propiciando a construção de um conhecimento contextualizado, favorecendo a formação de profissionais capazes de articular conhecimentos profissionais especĂ­ficos com uma rede mais ampla de saberes envolvidos.The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss results of a learning activity experience that used popular movies to address issues related to neurological sciences. Students from the following courses participated in the discussion group: Arts (two), Physical Therapy (ten), Property Management (one), Public Health (two), besides one individual from local community and two professors. Six movies were used as a learning support and stimulation to discussions and construction of contextualized and critical thinking, based on life histories. The individuals from this group wrote together the projected movies' plot and selected keywords that corresponded to the subject of the discussion after projection of the movies. The plots frequently mentioned aspects associated with disease, while the keywords mentioned social and ethical aspects. Besides, the individuals performed an assessment of the pedagogical activities carried out during the semester including positive and negative aspects and suggestions. From the analyses of this material, it is possible to assert that the professor experience based on the projection of movies promoted the establishment of disciplinary interrelations and integrations, providing a construction of contextualized knowledge favoring specific professional formation able to integrate specific professional knowledge associated with general knowledge network involved

    Perfil epidemiolĂłgico de pacientes acometidos por acidente vascular encefĂĄlico cadastrados na estratĂ©gia de saĂșde da famĂ­lia em Diamantina, MG

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    O acidente vascular encefĂĄlico (AVE) pode reduzir a capacidade de realizar tarefas funcionais, limitar a independĂȘncia e a qualidade de vida dos indivĂ­duos. O trabalho apresentou dois objetivos: identificar o perfil epidemiolĂłgico dos sujeitos com hemiplegia no municĂ­pio de Diamantina, MG, e implementar uma ação conjunta entre a universidade e as autoridades locais para atendĂȘ-los. Dos 82 pacientes cadastrados nas unidades de EstratĂ©gia de SaĂșde da FamĂ­lia (ESF), 51 foram contatados em seus domicĂ­lios e entrevistados usando roteiro semi-estruturado. A mĂ©dia de idade foi 67,8 e o tempo de AVE, de 6,7 anos; 50% eram analfabetos e 41,2% mantinham-se com 1 salĂĄrio mĂ­nimo por mĂȘs. Dentre os fatores de risco anteriores ao episĂłdio de AVE, foram relatados dieta inadequada, inatividade fĂ­sica, tabagismo, etilismo e histĂłrico de AVE paterno e/ou materno. Na Ă©poca da pesquisa, 78,4% eram hipertensos; e 35,3% nunca tinham feito fisioterapia apĂłs o AVE. Assim, sĂŁo propostas: inserção de fisioterapeutas nas unidades ESF, mudanças no modo de vida dos indivĂ­duos, bem como melhorias ou modificaçÔes nas estratĂ©gias de polĂ­ticas de saĂșde na regiĂŁo estudada.Stroke can bring limitations to functional task performance, thus reducing patients' independence and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to draw the epidemiological profile of hemiparetic, stroke survivors in the city of Diamantina, MG, and to foster a joint program of action by the university and local public health service, in order to attend to these subjects. From 82 subjects registered at the Health Family Strategy units (HFS), 51 were contacted and interviewed, by using a semi-structured questionnaire. Their mean age was 67.8 years old, and time since onset of stroke, 6.7 years; 50% were illiterate and 41.2% lived on one monthly minimum wage. Reported risk factors prior to the stroke were unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, alcoholism, smoking, and family history of stroke (father or mother). At the time of the study 78.73% had high blood pressure and 35.29% had never undergone physiotherapy treatment after the stroke episode. Hence, inclusion of physical therapists in HFS, changes in subjects' lifestyle, and improvement or changes in local health policies are imperative

    Motor prognosis and current perspectives in cerebral palsy

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    A paralisia cerebral Ă© uma sequela de agressĂŁo encefĂĄlica caracterizada por transtorno motor nĂŁo evolutivo quanto Ă  sua lesĂŁo. De acordo com o local da lesĂŁo pode provocar diferentes seqĂŒelas que resultam em incapacidade funcional. OBJETIVO: revisar de forma nĂŁo sistemĂĄtica sobre o tema paralisia cerebral, enfocando o seu prognĂłstico motor, incluindo expectativa de vida e funcionalidade. MÉTODO: utilização das bases de dados Medline e LILACS, dos Ășltimos quinze anos, com os unitermos paralisia cerebral, quadriplegia, diplegia, hemiplegia, prognĂłstico. RESULTADOS: foram listados 474 artigos cientĂ­ficos, sendo selecionados para esta revisĂŁo 34 artigos com base em: tĂ­tulo, resumo, assunto, originalidade e disponibilidade de acesso pelo portal da CAPES. Foram identificadas as variĂĄveis que podem influenciar o prognĂłstico motor nas crianças com paralisia cerebral. O prejuĂ­zo motor das crianças com paralisia cerebral estĂĄ diretamente relacionado com o nĂ­vel de gravidade da paralisia cerebral, assistĂȘncia terapĂȘutica e o tipo apresentado pelas crianças. Os pacientes com hemiplegia resultante de paralisia cerebral apresentam um prognĂłstico motor mais favorĂĄvel comparado aos diplĂ©gicos e quadriplĂ©gicos.Cerebral palsy it is a consequence characterized by non-progressive motor disturbance referring to his lesion. According to the lesion area, can promote different outcomes that result in functional disabilities. OBJECTIVE: to review by non-systematic way the theme cerebral palsy focusing motor prognosis, including life expectancy and functionality. METHODS: using the Medline and LILACS, data bases searching for the last fifteen years with the terms cerebral palsy, quadriplegia, diplegia, hemiplegia, prognosis. RESULTS: a total of 474 scientific papers were listed and 34 select based on: title, abstract, subject, original article and access through CAPES homepage. Were identified variables that could affect motor prognosis in children with cerebral palsy. The motor impairment from children is directly related to cerebral palsy severity level, therapeutic assistance and cerebral palsy type presented in children. The patients with hemiplegic cerebral palsy showed most favorable motor outcomes compared to diplegic and quadriplegic ones

    Atividade física de indivíduos com doença de Parkinson em isolamento social antes e durante a pandemia de COVID-19

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    The world has been hit by a pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19), which has resulted in government recommendations and measures including social isolation to reduce the spread of the disease. In view of these recommendations, there were drastic changes in lifestyle, impacting the physical and mental health of men and women. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the practice of physical activity, according to sex, in individuals with Parkinson’s disease in social isolation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional observational study, based on an online questionnaire validated for individuals with Parkinson’s disease PAFPA/COVID19, in which 156 individuals of both sexes and degrees of the disease (I to V) were allocated, with a mean age of 63.70 ± 11.00 years and from different Brazilian regions. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact and binary logistic regression tests were used. It is observed that 92% of the participants were in social isolation, which caused negative effects on the level of physical activity of the participants, even though most of them doing physical activity online. In addition, it was found that those who participated in specific exercise programs for Parkinson’s disease, are less likely to be insufficiently active, as well as individuals who receive online guidance. Although social isolation is a necessary measure to combat COVID-19, the results show a negative effect of this social isolation on the parameters of physical activity in this population in different regions of Brazil. This suggests that better strategies for health promotion in order to increase levels of physical activity at home are necessary to reduce the physical inactivity lifestyle during the pandemic, in order to prevent diseases associated with social isolation and physical inactivity.O mundo foi atingido por uma pandemia causada pelo novo coronavĂ­rus (COVID-19), que resultou em recomendaçÔes e medidas governamentais, incluindo isolamento social para reduzir a disseminação da doença. Diante dessas recomendaçÔes, ocorreram mudanças drĂĄsticas no estilo de vida, impactando na saĂșde fĂ­sica e mental de homens e mulheres. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a prĂĄtica de atividade fĂ­sica, segundo o sexo, em indivĂ­duos com doença de Parkinson em isolamento social antes e durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Estudo observacional transversal, baseado em questionĂĄrio online validado para indivĂ­duos com doença de Parkinson PAFPA/COVID19, no qual foram avaliados 156 indivĂ­duos de ambos os sexos e graus da doença (I ao V), com mĂ©dia de idade de 63,70 ± 11,00 anos e de diferentes regiĂ”es brasileiras. Foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher e a regressĂŁo logĂ­stica binĂĄria. Observa-se que 92% dos participantes encontravam-se em isolamento social, o que causou repercussĂ”es negativas no nĂ­vel de atividade fĂ­sica dos participantes, embora a maioria realizasse atividade fĂ­sica online. AlĂ©m disso, verificou-se que aqueles que participaram de programas de exercĂ­cios especĂ­ficos para a doença de Parkinson, tiveram menor probabilidade de serem insuficientemente ativos, assim como os indivĂ­duos que recebem orientação online. Embora o isolamento social seja uma medida necessĂĄria para combater a COVID-19, os resultados mostram um efeito negativo desse isolamento social sobre os parĂąmetros de atividade fĂ­sica dessa população em diferentes regiĂ”es do Brasil. Isso sugere que melhores estratĂ©gias de promoção da saĂșde para aumentar os nĂ­veis de atividade fĂ­sica no domicĂ­lio sĂŁo necessĂĄrias para reduzir o inatividade fĂ­sica durante a pandemia, a fim de prevenir doenças associadas ao isolamento social e inatividade fĂ­sica

    AUTONOMIC MODULATION AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1 AND 2 SUBJECTS

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    Objetivos: avaliar a variabilidade da frequĂȘncia cardĂ­aca (VFC) durante testes autonĂŽmicos cardiovasculares e a capacidade funcional de indivĂ­duos com DM tipos 1 e 2. MĂ©todo: foram avaliados 15 indivĂ­duos com DM e 12 indivĂ­duos saudĂĄveis, durante a realização de testes autonĂŽmicos cardiovasculares de manobra de acentuação da arritmia sinusal respiratĂłria (ASR), handgrip e valsalva. AlĂ©m disso, foi aplicado o teste submĂĄximo de Paschoal para avaliação da capacidade funcional. Durante a realização dos testes autonĂŽmicos foi coletada a variabilidade da frequĂȘncia cardĂ­aca (VFC), por meio do registro dos intervalos RR, considerando-se os Ă­ndices no domĂ­nio do tempo (RMSSD e pNN50) e da freqĂŒĂȘncia, como baixa e alta freqĂŒĂȘncia (BF e AF) e a relação entre os mesmos (BF/AF). AlĂ©m da anĂĄlise da VFC, foi registrado a distĂąncia percorrida durante o Teste de Paschoal e a glicemia capilar Resultados: Os valores referentes Ă  glicemia foram significativamente maiores (p < 0,05) no grupo DM1 e DM2 comparados aos controles. Os valores de pNN50 para o DM1, em todos os testes realizados, foram menores em relação ao CDM1. Nenhuma diferença estatĂ­stica foi encontrada quando comparados DM2 com o CDM2. A distĂąncia percorrida no teste de Paschoal foi similar entre os grupos de indivĂ­duos com DM e seus respectivos controles. ConclusĂŁo: A variĂĄvel pNN50 foi menor nos indivĂ­duos com DM1, sugerindo redução da atividade parassimpĂĄtica nesses indivĂ­duos, porĂ©m sem alteração da capacidade funcional, avaliada pelo teste de Paschoal quando comparados ao grupo controle. Objectives: Evaluation of heart rate variability (HRV) during cardiovascular autonomic tests and functional capacity of patients with type 1 and type 2 DM.Methods: Fifteen individuals with DM and twelve healthy ones were evaluated  during cardiovascular autonomic tests of maneuver enhancement of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), handgrip and Valsalva. In addition, the Paschoal test was applied to evaluate submaximal functional capacity. During the tests, autonomic heart rate variability (HRV) was collected by recording the RR intervals, considering the rates in the time domain (RMSSD and pNN50) and frequency domain, as low and high frequency (LF and HF) and the relationship between them (LF / HF). Besides the analysis of HRV and capillary glucose, the distance traveled during Paschoal test was also recorded. Results: The values related to blood glucose levels were significantly higher (p <0.05) in DM1 and DM2 groups compared to controls. PNN50 values for DM1 in all tests were lower compared to CDM1. No statistical difference was found when compared DM2 with CDM2. The distance of Paschoal test was similar between groups of individuals with diabetes and their respective controls. Conclusion:  The variable pNN50 was lower in individuals with DM1, suggesting reduced of the parasympathetic activity in these individuals, but no change in functional capacity, as measured by Paschoal test when compared to the control group

    Orthoses effects in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease: update

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    Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common hereditary peripheral neuropathy in humans, presenting incidence of 1:2.500 people. The distal crural weakness of the CMT causes numerous gait impairment changes, for example, velocity, length, width and cadence of the steps. Several rehabilitation resources have been proposed to manage the walking problems, among them, the use of orthoses is highlighted. The objective of this study was to present and discuss the results of studies on the effects of orthotic uses in CMT gait patterns. In this study it was used to literature update through major national/international databases (SciELO, LILACS and MEDLINE), published between the years 2006-2012. The CMT treatment consisted of physical therapy and using of assistive equipment, since there are no drugs or gene therapy able to attenuate the clinical and functional damages. This association seeks to maximize the function and improve life quality of these patients in an attempt to prevent additional injuries related to physical disability. From literature update it is possible to conclude that there is a consensus on the use of lower limb orthoses to promote the stabilization of the ankle articulation and a more functional pattern of walking, avoiding inadequate synergy of movement and reducing the risk of falls.A Doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth (DCMT) Ă© a neuropatia perifĂ©rica hereditĂĄria mais comum em seres humanos, apresentando incidĂȘncia de 1:2.500 pessoas. A fraqueza distal crural na DCMT provoca inĂșmeras alteraçÔes na marcha, como, por exemplo, na velocidade, no comprimento, na largura e cadĂȘncia dos passos. VĂĄrios recursos em reabilitação tĂȘm sido propostos para gerenciar os problemas de deambulação, dentre eles, destaca-se a utilização de Ăłrteses. O objetivo deste estudo Ă© apresentar e discutir os resultados de estudos sobre os efeitos da utilização de Ăłrteses nos padrĂ”es de marcha na DCMT. Neste estudo foi utilizada atualização da literatura atravĂ©s das principais bases de dados nacionais/internacionais (SciELO, LILACS e MEDLINE), publicados entre os anos de 2006-2012. O tratamento da DCMT consiste em fisioterapia e utilização de equipamentos de assistĂȘncia, visto que ainda nĂŁo hĂĄ fĂĄrmacos ou terapia gĂȘnica capaz de atenuar os danos clĂ­nicos e funcionais. Tal associação busca maximizar a função e melhorar a qualidade de vida desses pacientes, na tentativa de evitar agravos adicionais relativos Ă  incapacidade fĂ­sica. A partir de atualização de literatura Ă© possĂ­vel concluir que existe consenso sobre a utilização de Ăłrteses nos membros inferiores para promover a estabilização das articulaçÔes do tornozelo e um padrĂŁo de deambulação mais funcional, evitando sinergias inadequadas de movimento e atenuando o risco de quedas

    The crustacean central nervous system in focus: subacute neurodegeneration induces a specific innate immune response.

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    To date nothing is known about the subacute phase of neurodegeneration following injury in invertebrates. Among few clues available are the results published by our group reporting hemocytes and activated glial cells at chronic and acute phases of the lesion. In vertebrates, glial activation and recruitment of immunological cells are crucial events during neurodegeneration. Here, we aimed to study the subacute stage of neurodegeneration in the crab Ucides cordatus, investigating the cellular/molecular strategy employed 48 hours following ablation of the protocerebral tract (PCT). We also explored the expression of nitric oxide (NO) and histamine in the PCT during this phase of neurodegeneration. Three immune cellular features which seem to characterize the subacute phase of neurodegeneration were revealed by: 1) the recruitment of granulocytes and secondarily of hyalinocytes to the lesion site (inducible NO synthase- and histamine-positive cells); 2) the attraction of a larger number of cells than observed in the acute phase; 3) the presence of activated glial cells as shown by the round shaped nuclei and increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein. We suggest that molecules released from granulocytes in the acute phase attract the hyalinocytes thus moving the degeneration process to the subacute phase. The importance of our study resides in the characterization of cellular and biochemical strategies peculiar to the subacute stage of the neurodegeneration in invertebrates. Such events are worth studying in crustaceans because in invertebrates this issue may be addressed with less interference from complex strategies resulting from the acquired immune system

    PCT attracts two different types of cells to the lesion site.

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    <p>(A, B) Semithin sections of injured PCT stained with toluidine blue. (A) Region P (proximal) is surrounded by cells with typical morphology: round shape, high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, and no granules within the cytoplasm (arrows), suggesting hyaline cells. (B) Granular hemocytes (arrows) infiltrating into the nerve fibers of the tract after eyestalk ablation – region D (distal to the lesion). Only granular cells are observed in this region intermingled with nerve fibers. (C, D) Ultrathin sections of regions P and D, respectively. (C) Hemocyte, resembling a hyaline cell, with round shape and no granules in the scarce cytoplasm. The eccentric nucleus (n) has abundant euchromatin displaying the same features as the cells shown in (A). The asterisk indicates a nerve fiber. (D) Typical granular hemocyte with numerous electron-dense granules occupying the whole cytoplasm. The nucleus (n) shows an irregularly shaped membrane and heterochromatin in the periphery. (E, F) Semigranular hemocytes infiltrated into the injured tract – region D (distal to the lesion). A small number of electron-dense granules (asterisks) occupy the whole cytoplasm; the eccentric nuclei (n) have irregular/flattened shape with abundant heterochromatin in the periphery, which is not seen in hyaline hemocytes. (G, H) Granular hemocytes are easily seen in region D and most of them show double-membrane vesicles (square) within the cytoplasm suggesting phagocytosis. This is better seen in D (higher magnification). Electron-dense granules (asterisks) with different shapes and sizes surround these vesicles. Scale bars: A, B = 10 ”m; C–G = 2 ”m; H = 1 ”m.</p

    iNOS and IB4 expression are colocalized in circulating hemocytes.

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    <p>Hemolymph was collected from five crabs, 48(A –green) and iNOS (B – red). Only hemocytes with granules, semigranular/granular cells, showed double-labeling (insert). Scale bar: A–C = 10 ”m.</p
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