Mapping Interactions Between the Type-VI Secretion System Effector tAE1 and Its Putative Substrates Using NMR Spectroscopy

Tae1 is an amidase produced by gram negative Pseudomonas bacteria that attacks the peptidoglycan layer in the cell walls of neighboring bacteria after secretion through the Type VI secretion system (T6S). The goal of our work is mapping interactions between the type-VI-secretion system effector Tae1 and its putative substrates using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Tae1 is amenable to NMR in that we are able to collect spectra with resolved, well defined peaks that can be assigned, thereby providing valuable structural information. We have assigned 89.2% of backbone atoms and 87.4% of sidechain atoms. Assignment of Tae1 was performed with 15N-HSQC, HNCA, HNCOCA, HNCACB, CBCACONH, HCCH COSY, HCCH TOCSY, and HCONH TOCSY experiments. Peptidoglycan binding experiments were performed using via 15N-HSQC to monitor backbone residues and 13C-HSQC to monitor sidechain residues. So far, these experiments have not revealed the molecular mechanism by which Tae1 recognizes its specific substrate; however, with the very high degree of assignment achieved in NMR experimentation, once a minimal binding fragment has been isolated determination of the binding mechanism will be easily achieved

Spatiotemporal Changes in Nuclear Strain Measured by Traction Force Microscopy

The knowledge of how cells interact with and sense their surroundings is missing the key components of time dependency and how substrate stiffness affects amount and rate of strain. This new knowledge of cell-substrate interaction can be applied further to research regarding chromatin spatiotemporal dynamics to better understand gene accessibility for transcription. Studying how the cell functions on a deeper level will provide understanding of cellular morphological changes and proliferation. This study uses the methods of optical microscopy and traction force microscopy (TFM) to image substrate deformation as well as analyze its strain profile to find where forces are interacting with the substrate the most. A 60X objective on a confocal microscope was used to image the cell membrane, nucleus, and fluorescent beads in PDMS gels of varying stiffness on which the cells were placed. Based on how the nucleus deforms as well as how the beads move due to cell-substrate interaction, a strain profile of the gel along with traction force analysis can be determined to quantify how the cell is interacting with its substrate. The results are that as the cell is trypsinized after spreading along the substrate, the focal adhesions made by the cell will disconnect, causing the beads to spread out locally around the cell. It was also found that as substrate stiffness increases, the rate of cell spreading increases. From these findings, it can be concluded that the cell responds more positively in environments of higher stiffness and spreads at a faster rate

The effect of oral nutrition supplements and appetite stimulants on weight status among pediatric cancer patients: A systematic review

The objective of this study was to identify the use and impact of oral nutrition supplements (ONSs) and appetite stimulants on weight status among pediatric patients diagnosed with malignancy. We performed a literature search of trials using Medline PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and included all prospective studies except review articles and case-reports/series that assessed ONSs or appetite stimulants among patients (0-20 years old) diagnosed with a pediatric malignancy. Databases were searched through May 17, 2022. There were six trials included with three studies related to ONS and the remaining on appetite stimulants. No studies that compared both ONS and appetite stimulants were found. To assess quality, we used the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions and the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials depending on the study design. The studies all had pediatric patients diagnosed with a variety of malignancy types. All studies demonstrated improvement of weight status in the treatment group across various malignancy types. However, none of the studies addressed nutrition intakes outside of ONS consumption, compliance to ONSs, or frequency of ONS use. Despite the short durations (3-6 months) and significant differences in the timing of intervention initiation (ONS or appetite stimulants), these treatment modalities can improve weight status. Further research is needed to identify the best intervention for improving weight status

Three-phase relative permeability

CER56ATC24.November, 1956.Technical note 375.Journal of petroleum technology, 1956.The results of three-phase relative permeability tests on nine water-wet consolidated Berea sandstone samples are presented as composite ternary diagrams showing iso-perms of oil, water and gas. Capillary pressure control was exercised over flow of gas and oil in the presence of water. The water saturations ranged from 17 to 71 percent pore volume. A method of calculating both the oil and water permeability's of a three-phase system from the easily measured gas relative permeability is presented

Towards energetically viable asymmetric deprotonations : selectivity at more elevated temperatures with C2-symmetric magnesium bisamides

A novel chiral magnesium bisamide has enabled the development of effective asymmetric deprotonation protocols at substantially more elevated temperatures. This new, structurally simple, C2-symmetric magnesium complex displays excellent levels of asymmetric efficiency and energy reduction in the synthesis of enantioenriched enol silane

Athena: Advanced air launched space booster

The infrastructure for routine, reliable, and inexpensive access of space is a goal that has been actively pursued over the past 50 years, but has yet not been realized. Current launch systems utilize ground launching facilities which require the booster vehicle to plow up through the dense lower atmosphere before reaching space. An air launched system on the other hand has the advantage of being launched from a carrier aircraft above this dense portion of the atmosphere and hence can be smaller and lighter compared to its ground based counterpart. The goal of last year's Aerospace Engineering Course 483 (AE 483) was to design a 227,272 kg (500,000 lb.) air launched space booster which would beat the customer's launch cost on existing launch vehicles by at least 50 percent. While the cost analysis conducted by the class showed that this goal could be met, the cost and size of the carrier aircraft make it appear dubious that any private company would be willing to invest in such a project. To avoid this potential pitfall, this year's AE 483 class was to design as large an air launched space booster as possible which can be launched from an existing or modification to an existing aircraft. An initial estimate of the weight of the booster is 136,363 kg (300,000 lb.) to 159,091 kg (350,000 lb.)

Concert recording 2015-12-06

[Track 01]. Lachen und Weinen / Franz Schubert -- Zitronenfalter im April / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 02]. Ganymed / Franz Schubert -- [Track 03]. Gesang Weylas / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 04]. An Silvia / Franz Schubert -- [Track 05]. Der Gärtner / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 06]. Gott im Frühling / Franz Schubert -- [Track 07]. Elfenlied / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 08]. Schäfers Klagelied / Franz Schubert -- [Track 09]. Verborgenheit / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 10]. Gretchens Bitte / Franz Schubert -- [Track 11]. Die Zigeunerin / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 12]. Liebesbotschaft / Franz Schubert -- [Track 13]. In dem Schatten meiner Locken / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 14]. Die junge Nonne / Franz Schubert -- [Track 15]. Nimmersatte Liebe / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 16]. Liebe schwärmt auf allen Wegen / Franz Schubert -- [Track 17]. Er ist\u27s / Hugo Wolf -- [Track 18]. Der Musensohn / Franz Schubert -- [Track 19]. Storchenbotschaft / Hugo Wolf

Eleven Show Card

Show card for Eleven. May 6 - August 20, 2006.https://digitalcommons.udallas.edu/eleven_05-06/1000/thumbnail.jp