Les pentes cognitives naturelles de la catégorisation sociale

Pour pouvoir naviguer sans encombre dans notre environnement social, il est important d'être en mesure d'identifier correctement les propriétés sociales des personnes avec qui nous sommes amenés à interagir. Au cours de leur socialisation, les enfants doivent donc nécessairement faire l'apprentissage des catégories sociales en usage dans leur univers socio-culturel. Des recherches expérimentales en psychologie du développement permettent de penser qu'un tel apprentissage est tout à la fois rendu possible et contraint par un certain nombre de prédispositions cognitives, déjà à l'oeuvre chez les très jeunes enfants et les bébés. En me basant sur ces recherches, j'avance dans cet article que l'être humain possède une tendance cognitive spontanée à catégoriser socialement ses semblables selon trois axes: une catégorisation horizontale, détectant les relations d'affiliation entre des individus, une catégorisation verticale, identifiant leurs relations de dominance, et une catégorisation transversale, les distinguant selon leur sexe et leur âge. Si ces "pentes cognitives naturelles" préparent les enfants à intégrer les catégories particulières en vigueur au sein de leur société, elles les inclinent malheureusement aussi à les essentialiser

L'impact du nouveau financement hospitalier sur les hôpitaux publics : exemple de l'Hôpital du Valais

L'objectif de ce mémoire est d'évaluer les conséquences du nouveau financement hospitalier de la LAMaI sur les hôpitaux publics et plus particulièrement sur l'Hôpital du Valais. Les nouvelles dispositions votées le 21 décembre 2007 par le Parlement ont pour but d'accroître la concurrence entre les hôpitaux et de mettre sur un pied d'égalité les établissements privés et publics. Ce document traite des principales modifications législatives et de leur entrée en vigueur, des nouveautés concernant le calcul des coûts et des tarifs à la charge de l'assurance obligatoire des soins avec l'inclusion des investissements et la nouvelle défmition des frais de formation, de l'introduction des forfaits par pathologie SwissDRG, des problématiques de l'ouverture des frontières cantonales et de la concurrence. Selon les hypothèses retenues, des effets peu importants sont à prévoir en Valais pour l'ouverture des frontières, la liste hospitalière et la répartition du tarif entre assureurs et cantons. Par contre on estime que la prise en compte des investissements augmentera les coûts de l'Hôpital du Valais de 5 à 13% alors les activités d'intérêt général se chiffrent entre 4 et 22 Mio. Les conséquences de l'introduction de la concurrence voulue par le législateur sont plus difficiles à évaluer, car elles dépendent de paramètres encore inconnus tels que le gain espéré et le comportement des parties. Une concurrence par les prix prétéritera les hôpitaux publics si leurs spécificités, telles que les urgences, les soins intensifs et l'obligation d'admission, ne sont pas prises en compte dans la structure tarifaire, le prix ou la planification. Le changement de comportement du patient, des assureurs, des médecins traitants voire des cantons ou des médias constitue également une inconnue qui pourrait avoir de fortes conséquences et contraindre les hôpitaux publics à développer leurs concepts de marketing et de communication. [Auteur, p. 2]]]> Economics, Hospital ; Diagnosis-Related Groups ; Insurance, Health fre https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_E1BC8BD9CEE8.P001/REF.pdf http://nbn-resolving.org/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_E1BC8BD9CEE81 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_E1BC8BD9CEE81 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Copying allowed only for non-profit organizations https://serval.unil.ch/disclaimer application/pdf oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_E1BD0BCF455C 2022-05-07T01:28:45Z openaire documents urnserval <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_E1BD0BCF455C Interprofessional practices of physiotherapists working with adults with low back pain in Québec's private sector: results of a qualitative study. info:doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-160 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1186/1471-2474-15-160 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/24884757 Perreault, K. Dionne, C.E. Rossignol, M. Morin, D. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2014 Bmc Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 160 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1471-2474 urn:issn:1471-2474 <![CDATA[BACKGROUND: Collaboration and interprofessional practices are highly valued in health systems, because they are thought to improve outcomes of care for persons with complex health problems, such as low back pain. Physiotherapists, like all health providers, are encouraged to take part in interprofessional practices. However, little is known about these practices, especially for private sector physiotherapists. This study aimed to: 1) explore how physiotherapists working in the private sector with adults with low back pain describe their interprofessional practices, 2) identify factors that influence their interprofessional practices, and 3) identify their perceived effects. METHODS: Participants were 13 physiotherapists, 10 women/3 men, having between 3 and 21 years of professional experience. For this descriptive qualitative study, we used face-to-face semi-structured interviews and conducted content analysis encompassing data coding and thematic regrouping. RESULTS: Physiotherapists described interprofessional practices heterogeneously, including numerous processes such as sharing information and referring. Factors that influenced physiotherapists' interprofessional practices were related to patients, providers, organizations, and wider systems (e.g. professional system). Physiotherapists mostly viewed positive effects of interprofessional practices, including elements such as gaining new knowledge as a provider and being valued in one's own role, as well as improvements in overall treatment and outcome. CONCLUSIONS: This qualitative study offers new insights into the interprofessional practices of physiotherapists working with adults with low back pain, as perceived by the physiotherapists' themselves. Based on the results, the development of strategies aiming to increase interprofessionalism in the management of low back pain would most likely require taking into consideration factors associated with patients, providers, the organizations within which they work, and the wider systems

CHARACTERIZING THE EFFECTS OF BOTH SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL INHIBITORS ON THE FUNCTION OF HOLOCARBOXYLASE SYNTHETASE AND LIPID METABOLISM

The central theme of this dissertation explores enzyme inhibition, through the use of both synthetic and natural occurring inhibitors of three biotin-associated enzymes; the mammalian biotin ligase, holocarboxylase synthetase(HLCS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylases 1 and 2 (ACC1 and 2), whose activity is dependent on biotinylation by HLCS, and are involved in fatty acid synthesis and regulation of beta-oxidation, respectively. No null HLCS individual has ever been reported and individuals with inherited mutations in the HLCS gene, which render it incapable of biotinylating carboxylases, exhibit varying degrees of symptoms associated with multiple carboxylase deficiency. Little is known with regard to the reaction mechanism and structure of HLCS. The first chapter of this dissertation focuses on the characterization of a novel class of HLCS inhibitors, the biotin-5’-AMP analogs, b-ketophosphonate and b-hydroxyphosphonate, that could be of potential use as an analytical tool in studies of HLCS-biotinylation between the well-known carboxylase targets and novel targets in other proteins. Adapting an existing in vitro protocol in our laboratory, the inhibitors were demonstrated to be competitive inhibitors of HLCS. We extend these studies of HLCS in the next chapter by identifying resveratrol compounds as natural inhibitors of HLCS in vitro which protect Drosophila melanogaster brummer mutants from fat mass accumulation. The third chapter focuses on the effects of dual inhibition of ACC1 and ACC2 on adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. We report on the effects of Soraphen A, a natural occurring polyketide derived from Sorangium cellulosum, which targets the biotin carboxylase domain of the eukaryotic ACCs. We demonstrate that Soraphen A prevents adipogenic gene expression and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells suggesting dual inhibitors of ACC1 and ACC2 may be an effective strategy to prevent fat accumulation. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the inhibition of HLCS with both synthetic and natural compounds, and that ACC1 and ACC2 inhibition alters lipid metabolism in adipocytes. Advisor: Janos Zemplen

Modeling and Simulation of a Direct-Write Manufacturing Process

Additive manufacturing (AM) is of great interest since complex geometry with varying composition and functionalities can be developed for a multitude of applications based on desired performance criteria. However, consistency of the products must be ensured. Operating conditions can be used as degrees of freedom so that the desired dimensions, geometries, and composition can be tightly controlled. In this project, direct writing of an ink composed of a conductive material dispersed in a polymer medium is used to create conductive pathways for use in flexible electronic devices.;To develop an efficient controls system, the parameters that affect the printed fluid must first be understood. The pattern geometry and dimensions created by the direct writing method mainly depend on three main factors: the properties of the ink, the parameters used in the operation of the direct-writing machine, and the ink-substrate interaction. In this work, a detailed model of the direct-write process is developed in COMSOL. While this model provides detailed information and very high resolution, the model is computationally expensive and is not suitable for control applications. A simple model suitable for real time simulation is developed in MATLAB. The effect of different operating conditions is studied. A control strategy is developed for efficient regulation of the track dimensions

Nicole Oresme sobre los movimientos de los Lanzadores de Jabalina: una lectura peripatética del de Configurationibus II, 37

In this contribution, I analyze a text by Oresme which gives a rather original explanation of the process of throwing a javelin and, more generally, of the actions of people who seem to have a kind ofnatural ability to succeed in their actions (De Configurationibus II, 37). In highlighting some sources that appear to have been present on the author’s mind although they were hitherto neglected in Oresmian studies, I would like to show that his presentation of this specific kind of motion is deeply rooted in the scholastic theological tradition and that this tradition makes this chapter seem much less strange andmuch more coherent than it might seem at first glance.En esta contribución analizo un texto de Oresme que ofrece una explicación singular del proceso de lanzamiento de una jabalina y, más en general, de las acciones de personas que parecen poseer una especie de habilidad natural para tener éxito en sus acciones (De configurationibus II, 37). Poniendo de relieve algunas fuentes que parecen haber estado presentes en la mente del autor pero que hasta ahora han sido ignoradas en los estudios oresmianos, quisiera mostrar que la presentación de este tipo específico de movimiento está profundamente arraigada en la tradición teológica escolástica. Visto a la luz de esta tradición de ideas, el capítulo en cuestión resulta mucho menos extraño y mucho más coherente de lo que pueda parecer a primera vista

Pathways to Federal Government: A Study of the Pathways Programs and Millennial Inclusion in Federal Government

This study seeks to better understand the federal government’s “Pathways Programs”, which are comprised of internships, recent graduate hiring priorities, and the Presidential Management Fellowship (PMF). The purpose of the Pathways Program is to increase younger generations’ access to federal employment. This study hopes to assess the relationship between participation in the Pathways Programs and the percentage of the millennials working within federal government, as a means of evaluating the success of the Pathways Programs

Source de plasma ponctuelle: travail de bachelor : diplôme 2016

De nos jours, les sources de plasma sont utilisées par de nombreuses technologies issues de la production industrielle, par exemple : pour la production de semi- conducteur, le traitement des matériaux, la découpe du verre ou la séparation des molécules composant un gaz. Le premier objectif de ce travail de diplôme est de designer et concevoir la mécanique d’un dispositif permettant la génération de plasma dans une source ponctuelle. Pour ce projet, des trous submillimétriques sont utilisés comme source ponctuelle afin d’exploiter le principe de cathode creuse