Incorporation, Morphology, and Extinction of Framework-Building Metazoans in Early Cambrian Reef Ecosystems from the Western Usa and Mongolia and Their Effects on Reef Diversity

The early Cambrian represents an important transition in the evolution of life, perhaps most vividly exemplified by reef ecosystems as they changed from microbial-supported to metazoan-supported framework reefs. Microbial reefs were initially composed of Renalcis- and Epiphyton-group calcifying microbes. Subsequent reefs began to incorporate archaeocyathan sponges within this framework. This represents a shift in the source of carbonate production, which can be quantified using thin section point counts. In archaeocyathan reefs from the western USA, carbonate contribution from metazoan framework builders increased from zero to 29.7%. Similar reefs from Mongolia increased from zero to 5.0%. Increases in Laurentian archaeocyath contributions are not associated with shifts in carbon isotopic composition or changes in global redox conditions, while Gondwana examples might be associated with a negative carbon isotopic excursion and increase in redox sensitive elements. The incorporation of metazoan framework builders is not associated with an increase in reef dwellers, as one might expect based on the niche supporting roles that framework builders play in modern reefs. To further explore the timing of reef dweller biodiversity, a literature survey was conducted that shows an increase in reef-dweller abundance (17.9% in the Cambrian to 28.8% considered “frequent” in the Ordovician), functional richness (3.8 to 5.9 functional groups), and skeletonization. Furthermore, archaeocyath gross morphologies are also highly constrained to a few (3-6 categories) simple morphologies and smaller body sizes compared to lithistid and modern demosponges. It therefore may not be unusual for early Cambrian reefs to have reduced reef-dweller diversity, potentially due to a combination of low ocean productivity and restricted morphological diversity. Archaeocyaths went extinct at the end of Stage 4 of the Cambrian. This ushered in a period of low reef carbonate contribution from metazoans. This post-archaeocyath interval is preserved in western Nevada, but this locality does not contain substantial evidence of either metazoan or microbial framework building. As archaeocyaths were an important framework builder, their extinction may have resulted in a local reef eclipse. This work highlights the early Cambrian as a transitional period between the minimal diversity of the Proterozoic and high diversity reefs of the later Paleozoic

Zusammenfassungen der Vorträge und Poster der Internationalen Tagung „50 Jahre Grabungen und Forschungen in Belginum“

Seit dem Jahr 2000 besteht eine Kooperation zwischen dem Archäologiepark Belginum (Einheitsgemeinde Morbach, Kr. Bernkastel-Wittlich) und der Professur für Ur- und Frühgeschichte der Universität Leipzig. Man könnte sich fragen, was so unterschiedliche Institutionen, die eine im äussersten Westen, die andere ganz im Osten Deutschlands gelegen, miteinander verbindet? Die Antwort ist einfach. Beides sind Forschungszentren zur keltischen Archäologie, die den wissenschaftlichen Austausch pflegen und sich in gemeinsamen überregionalen Projekten engagieren wollen. Verwirklicht worden ist dieser Wunsch bereits u.a. mit zwei Ausstellungsprojekten, zum einen mit der in Leipzig konzipierten Wanderausstellung „fromm – fremd – barbarisch. Die Religion der Kelten“ (2002), mit der das Museum Belginum eingeweiht worden ist, zum andern mit der umgekehrt von Belginum nach Leipzig gewanderten Ausstellung „Hatschi!... Pollen! Blütenstaub in Medizin und Archäologie“ (2004). Im Rahmen dieser erfolgreichen Zusammenarbeit ist auch die vorliegende Ausgabe der Leipziger online-Beiträge zur Ur- und Frühgeschichtlichen Archäologie entstanden. Zweck der Veröffentlichung war es, bereits vor Beginn der internationalen Tagung die Zusammenfassungen der Vorträge, einschließlich einer Vielzahl von Illustrationen zu „50 Jahren Grabungen und Forschungen in Belginum“ ins Netz zu stellen. Für Tagungen aus dem Bereich der Geisteswissenschaften und insbesondere der Archäologie ist dies in Deutschland noch nicht die Regel, so dass dieser Band ein Novum darstellt. Die virtuelle Version, die über die Homepage der Leipziger Professur für Ur- und Frühgeschichte abgerufen werden kann (http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~ufg), bietet darüber hinaus den Vorteil zahlreicher Farbabbildungen, die in der vom Archäologiepark Belginum erstellten Druckfassung nur schwarzweiß wiedergegeben werden können

Examining the career experiences among Oregon female school superintendents

Despite representing the majority of the teaching ranks in our K-12 public school systems, women continue to be underrepresented in the position of K-12 superintendent. Women make-up approximately 65% of the educational workforce, yet they only fill about 14% of the superintendent positions (Brunner, 2000). Research indicates that women experience different career paths from their male counterparts, their opportunities to benefit from mentors and other, formal/informal support structures are quite different, and the definition and description of their role varies considerably as the ascend to the role of superintendent. This study explores the experiences of four women who serve as superintendents in Oregon. Of interest are the career trajectories and experiences of these four women as they ascended to the superintendency. Data were collected using a purposive sampling strategy

Archaeological prospections in the Roman vicus Belginum (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)

The Roman vicus Belginum and the associated Celtic-Roman cemetery have been the subject of systematic archaeological research since 1954. Since 2004, archaeological prospections have been carried out in and around Belginum. Participants included students from the universities of Leipzig, Trier, and Munich as part of study-accompanying field work. This paper deals with the prospections of 2004 and 2016, when nearly 2 ha of land south of the federal road B327 (Hunsruckhohenstrasse) were surveyed. The study area is located on a NW-to-SE-running hillside. All non-local objects present on the surface were collected and three-dimensionally recorded. Previously in 2013, the area was geomagnetically prospected by Posselt & Zickgraf (Marburg). Both surveys revealed a hitherto unknown extent of the vicus about 200m to the southwest. The findings date back to the late first to third centuries common era. All finds (ceramic, bricks, roof slate, glass, and metal) were recorded and analysed in a QGIS and ArcGIS environment together with lidar scans, the geomagnetic data, and other geographical information. The overall distributions of bricks and pottery were studied in detail. The distribution of bricks is in particular connected to the individual plots, while the pottery is mainly concentrated in the backyards. Regarding surveys in other Roman vici, the brick distribution could be a helpful indicator to identify plots, when no geophysical information is available

International Faculty Collaborations: Social Learning through Professional Communities

Collaboration in learning communities at an international level allows for individual growth in faculty members and develops the profession and practice of teaching. This qualitative study interviewed ten Core Fulbright Scholars, exploring their perceptions of the Fulbright, the support for international experiences, and the formation and sustainability of professional collaborations. We contribute to the literature on international scholarship, collaboration, and support for faculty learning and development. Lastly, we discuss the need for future research on further faculty opportunities that broaden understanding of the critical importance of international connections and communities of practice in the 21st century

Prospektion einer Villa rustica bei Wederath, Flur Hinterm Klop (Gde. Morbach, Kr. Bernkastel-Wittlich, Rheinland-Pfalz)

Prospektionen der Universität Leipzig im Umkreis des römischen vicus Belginum ergaben bei Wederath, Flur Hinterm Klop (Gde. Morbach, Kr. Bernkastel-Wittlich, Rheinland Pfalz) eine mutmaßliche villa rustica. Unterschiedlich große Steinkonzentrationen weisen auf ein Haupt- und mehrere Nebengebäude. Das Fundmaterial besteht vorwiegend aus Ziegeln (Dach-, Fußboden- und Hypokaustenziegeln) und relativ wenig Keramik. Die bestimmbare Keramik datiert in das 2./3. Jh. n. Chr.Archaeological prospections by the University of Leipzig in the surroundings of the Roman vicus Belginum revealed near Wederath (Rhenania-Palatinate, Germany) a villa rustica. Stone concentrations of different dimensions are indicating the main and several minor buildings. The finds are consisting mainly of bricks and relatively few ceramic sherds. The ceramics are dating into the 2nd/3rd cent. AD

Prospektion einer Villa rustica bei Wederath, Flur Kleinicher Berg (Gde. Morbach, Kr. Bernkastel-Wittlich, Rheinland-Pfalz)

Prospektionen der Universität Leipzig im Umkreis des römischen vicus Belginum weisen bei Wederath, Flur Kleinicher Berg (Gde. Morbach, Kr. Bernkastel-Wittlich, Rheinland Pfalz) eine mutmaßliche villa rustica hin. Diese lag auf einem kleinen Plateau außerhalb der Begehungsfläche. Das Fundmaterial besteht vorwiegend aus Ziegeln (Dach- und Fußbodenziegel) und relativ wenig Keramik. Die bestimmbare römische Keramik datiert in das 2. bis 4. Jh. n. Chr. Bemerkenswert ist der Fund mehrerer Scherben der Hunsrück-Eifel-Kultur. Sie könnten einen Hinweis auf eine Besiedlung des Plateaus seit der Mitte des 1. Jahrtausends v. Chr. darstellen. Nur wenige hundert Meter entfernt befindet sich das große Hügelgräberfeld „Götzeroth“ der Hunsrück- Eifel-Kultur.Archaeological prospections by the University of Leipzig in the surroundings of the Roman vicus Belginum revealed near Wederath (Rhenania-Palatinate, Germany) a probable villa rustica. Mostly bricks (tegulae, imbrices and floor tiles) and only a small amount of ceramics were found. The Roman ceramics are dating mostly into the 2nd to 4th cent. AD. Remarkable are the finds of some ceramic sherds of the Hunsrück-Eifel-Culture. They could indicate settlement activity at the site since the mid of the first millennium BC. The extended tumulus cemetery “Götzeroth” is located some hundred meters to the east