Study of optimal training protocols and devices for developing and maintaining physical fitness in females prior to and during space flight

Pedalling a bicycle at least ten minutes a day at 85% of maximum pulse rate, three days a week for ten weeks will produce moderate increases in overall strength and physical work capacity in college-age females. The longer the training session, up to thirty minutes per session, the greater are the increases in physical work capacity that result when college-age females are trained three days a week for ten weeks at 85% of their maximum heart rate

Special Orders, No. 129: Headquarters of the Army, Adjutant General\u27s Office

Notice of Captain Henry D. Styer being detailed to Utah Agricultural College

Isokinetic exercise: A review of the literature

Isokinetic muscle training has all the advantages of isometrics and isotonics while minimizing their deficiencies. By holding the speed of movement constant throughout the full range of motion, isokinetic training devices respond with increased resistance rather than acceleration when the power output of the muscle is increased. Isokinetic training is superior to isometric and isotonic training with respect to increases in strength, specificity of training, desirable changes in motor performance tasks, lack of muscle soreness, and decreases in relative body fat

Recollections of a Pioneer Railroad Builder

"The construction of the Spokane International may complete my work in this connection and it may not.

A theoretical and experimental investigation of acoustic point source radiation in the presence of a reflecting and refracting plane Final technical report, Aug. 1968 - Jul. 1969

Acoustic point source radiation in reflecting and refracting half space environment applied to Saturn 5 launch vehicle dynamic

Salmon and the Endangered Species Act: Lessons from the Columbia Basin

Within the last decade, the Columbia Basin, once home to the world\u27s largest salmon runs, has witnessed numerous listings of its signature natural resource under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). These listings have propelled the ESA into the forefront of land and water use decisionmaking across a vast landscape of the Pacific Northwest This Article examines the Columbia Basin salmon listings and their aftermath. Specifically, it considers the effect of the ESA\u27s consultation requirements on hydroelectric, hatchery, harvest, and habitat decisionmaking. The Article draws several lessons from this examination, many of them surprising, including the assertion that the listings have produced many innovations in the implementation of the statute but few improvements in the condition of listed Columbia Basin salmon, due to the persistent sensitivity of consultation process to economic concerns. The Article concludes that this reluctance to disturb ongoing activities damaging salmon does not bode well for the continued existence of the most imperiled of the species, the Snake River runs

Restoring Digestive Health

Purpose: The purpose of this translational research project was to outline the healthcare problems associated with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and to explore the effectiveness of a gastrointestinal protocol utilized at Atlanta Center for Holistic and Integrative Medicine. The goal of this protocol is to restore digestive health with probiotics, digestive enzymes, and glutamine. Background: Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders affect one in every four adults in the United States. These disorders encompass a variety of symptoms including diarrhea, constipation, cramping, abdominal pain, flatulence, reflux, and bloating without an identified physiological cause. There is currently no cure for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and treatment focuses on symptom management. The majority of those suffering from Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders are unsatisfied with their current treatment regimen leading to physical, social, and emotional distress. Method: This prospective cohort study examined 98 adult participants with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Each participant was instructed to take probiotics, digestive enzymes, and glutamine daily for 8-weeks. The participants were evaluated by a virtual survey at baseline, weekly, and after 8-weeks of intervention. The pre and post-intervention surveys included age, gender, ethnicity, duration of symptoms, number of attempted treatments, weight, waist circumference, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index. Results: A total of 86 participants completed the entire 8-week intervention. Based on the results of this study, there were three statistically significant predictors of lower gastrointestinal quality of life based on the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life. These three predictors include (1) minorities, (2) higher levels of stress based on the Perceived Stress Scale, and (3) greater than 3 attempted treatments. After the 8-week intervention, the participants had significant weight loss and improved gastrointestinal quality of life scores. Discussion: This research study is the first to examine the combined benefits of probiotics, digestive enzymes, and glutamine. In this study, participants had significant improvements in weight loss and gastrointestinal quality of life indicating that this protocol can be an effective regimen for treating patients with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

La virilité au miroir des femmes

En ce début de XXIe siècle, la rumeur enfle en Occident : les hommes ne seraient plus des hommes, des "vrais". De ce malaise dans la part masculine de la civilisation, la virilité reste un indicateur crucial. Car c\u27est bien sur cet idéal de force physique et de puissance sexuelle, de maîtrise et de courage que s\u27est historiquement construit dans la culture ce qui passe pour la "nature de l\u27homme". Et qui demeure le socle la domination masculine. Il y a donc un paradoxe de la virilité contemporaine : comment comprendre que cette représentation hégémonique de la puissance masculine ait fini par apparaître aussi incertaine ? Les hommes d\u27aujourd\u27hui entendent-ils porter longtemps encore cette charge millénaire, ou vont-ils souhaiter sentir s\u27en alléger le poids ? Quitte à renoncer à ses avantages..

The evolutionary ecology of an insect-bacterial mutualism

Heritable bacterial endosymbionts are responsible for much phenotypic diversity in insects. Mutualists drive large-scale processes such as niche invasion, speciation and mass resistance to natural enemies. However, to persist, mutualists need to be able to transmit with high fidelity from one generation to the next, to be able to express their beneficial phenotypes, and for the benefits they grant the host to outweigh their costs. The effect of ecologically-relevant environmental temperature variations upon transmission and phenotype is a poorly understood area of endosymbiont biology, as is how the symbiont’s cost varies under ecological stress. In this thesis, I examined these parameters for Spiroplasma strain hy1, a defensive mutualist which protects the cosmopolitan, temperate fruit fly Drosophila hydei from attack by a parasitoid wasp. I detected Spiroplasma hy1 in D. hydei individuals from the south of the U.K. The bacterium is at low prevalence compared to hy1 in other localities such as North America and Japan, but its presence in this temperate region conflicts with past studies indicating high sensitivity to low temperatures. I first demonstrate that the vertical transmission of Spiroplasma hy1 is more robust to the cool temperatures typical of temperate breeding seasons than previously considered, with transmission in a ‘permissive passage’ experiment occurring at high fidelity for two generations at a constant 18°C and in an alternating 18/15°C condition. Secondly, I demonstrate that the expression of the defensive phenotype is considerably more sensitive to cool temperatures than transmission. Spiroplasma hy1 protection ceases at 18°C, suggesting that for much of the D. hydei breeding season in areas such as the U.K., hy1 may be selectively neutral in many fly individuals. Finally, I show that hy1 has an unusually low standing cost to its host under starvation stress, contrasting with findings for the related MSRO strain in D. melanogaster. Measures of active cost – the fate of survivors of attack – were unclear. These results indicate that sensitivity to cold temperatures could account for hy1’s low U.K. prevalence. Small amounts of segregational loss could partially counteract selection upon natural enemy resistance, and loss of phenotypic expression at 18°C almost certainly causes hy1 to be neutral at best for parts of early summer and autumn. Future work should investigate the effects of different temperature on costs of symbiont carriage, and whether cool temperatures could push hy1 from mutualism and neutral commensalism to parasitism, as well as investigate how nuclear-mediated anti-wasp protection might interact and compete with hy1-mediated protection