Els crustacis decàpodes

Es presenta un inventari faunístic dels crustacis decàpodes de l'Arxipèlag de Cabrera, fent esment de la distribució batimètrica i bionòmica de les espècies. Han estat censades 69 espècies, les quals són representatives dels sistemes rocosos litorals i dels fons de plataforma continental de la Mediterrània Occidental.The check-list of decapod crustaceans from the Cabrera Archipelago is presented, with comments on the bathymetric and bionomic distribution of the species. Sixty nine species have been found in the different sampled communities. These species represent the main decapod fauna from the rocky littoral ecosystems and the continental shelf bottoms from the Western Mediterranean

Symmetry, bifurcation and stacking of the central configurations of the planar 1+4 body problem

In this work we are interested in the central configurations of the planar 1+4 body problem where the satellites have different infinitesimal masses and two of them are diametrically opposite in a circle. We can think this problem as a stacked central configuration too. We show that the configuration are necessarily symmetric and the other sattelites has the same mass. Moreover we proved that the number of central configuration in this case is in general one, two or three and in the special case where the satellites diametrically opposite have the same mass we proved that the number of central configuration is one or two saying the exact value of the ratio of the masses that provides this bifurcation.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1103.627

Final outcome of raptors admitted to the Tafira Wildlife Rehabilitation Center, Gran Canaria Island, Spain (2003–2013)

Disposición final de las rapaces admitidas en el Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre de Tafira, Gran Canaria, España (2003–2013) En este estudio se analizan los resultados de la rehabilitación de aves rapaces silvestres admitidas en el Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre de Tafira en la isla de Gran Canaria, España, desde 2003 hasta 2013, mediante un sistema de auditoría de la calidad basado en los índices generales y clasificados (por causa de admisión) de las cuatro categorías de disposición final, el tiempo hasta la muerte y el tiempo de permanencia como indicadores de calidad. Las categorías de disposición final fueron: eutanasia (Er) = 19,78%, mortalidad no asistida durante la hospitalización (Mr) = 22,20%, liberación (Rr) = 57,57% y cautividad permanente (Cr) = 0,46%. Teniendo en cuenta la especial vulnerabilidad de las especies de rapaces insulares y el alto índice de Rr conseguido, los resultados de este estudio ponen de relieve la importancia de los centros de rehabilitación de fauna silvestre en el tratamiento médico de las aves heridas y la consiguiente liberación de las aves rehabilitadas.Disposición final de las rapaces admitidas en el Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre de Tafira, Gran Canaria, España (2003–2013) En este estudio se analizan los resultados de la rehabilitación de aves rapaces silvestres admitidas en el Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre de Tafira en la isla de Gran Canaria, España, desde 2003 hasta 2013, mediante un sistema de auditoría de la calidad basado en los índices generales y clasificados (por causa de admisión) de las cuatro categorías de disposición final, el tiempo hasta la muerte y el tiempo de permanencia como indicadores de calidad. Las categorías de disposición final fueron: eutanasia (Er) = 19,78%, mortalidad no asistida durante la hospitalización (Mr) = 22,20%, liberación (Rr) = 57,57% y cautividad permanente (Cr) = 0,46%. Teniendo en cuenta la especial vulnerabilidad de las especies de rapaces insulares y el alto índice de Rr conseguido, los resultados de este estudio ponen de relieve la importancia de los centros de rehabilitación de fauna silvestre en el tratamiento médico de las aves heridas y la consiguiente liberación de las aves rehabilitadas.The outcomes of wild raptors admitted to the Tafira Wildlife Rehabilitation Center in Gran Canaria Island, Spain, from 2003 to 2013 were analyzed using a quality auditing system based on the crude and stratified (by causes of admission) rates of four final outcome categories, time until death and length of stay as quality indicators. The outcome categories were: euthanasia (Er = 19.78%); unassisted mortality during hospitalization (Mr = 22.20%); release (Rr = 57.57%); and permanent captivity (Cr = 0.46%). Taking into account the particular vulnerability of insular raptor species and the high Rr achieved, findings from this study emphasize the importance of wildlife rehabilitation centers for the medical management of injured raptors and the subsequent release of rehabilitated individuals into the wild

Fluctuaciones de la extensión del casquete glacial de la isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) desde 1956 hasta 1996

Cartographic data and satellite images have revealed that the area of the Livingston ice cap decreased by 4.31% from 1956 to 1996. Local factors, mainly topographic, have an influence on advances and retreats of the ice front. We established a simple model which correlates the reduction of the ice cap and the atmospheric wa rming detected in the Antarctic Peninsula during the last few decades

The Women\u27s Convention and the Equal Protection Clause Symposium - Human Rights in the Americas.

This Article addresses whether the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (Women’s Convention) violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Because international treaties such as the Women’s Convention carry the same weight and are subject to the same treatment as U.S. federal law, the constitutionality of the Convention is dictated by U.S. jurisprudence. Part II of this Article outlines and discusses the origin and content of the Women’s Convention. Part III contains a historical review of gender jurisprudence in the United States, with particular emphasis on recent United States Supreme Court decisions. Part IV describes the procedure for obtaining ratification of an international human rights instrument and analyzes whether, in light of gender case law, the Women’s Convention violates the Equal Protection Clause. This Article concludes with an analysis of the current status and constitutionality of the Women’s Convention and suggestions for gaining U.S. ratification. The Women’s Convention appears to violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Although the Convention advances what appear to be important governmental interests, the Convention probably does not bear a fair and substantial relationship to the achievement of those goals. The Convention enumerates rights which apply solely to women, ignoring the ability to accomplish its goals without gender specificity. Thus, while the Convention’s gender-based goals may be constitutional, its gender-specific articulation of rights is not. Additionally, application of the Women’s Convention may be counterproductive to advancement of women’s human rights. By isolating women’s human rights as distinct from general human rights, the Convention releases the enforcement bodies of the gender-neutral human rights treaties from any moral obligation to protect women’s human rights

Payments for ecosystem services in the tropics: a closer look at effectiveness and equity

We undertake a review of academic literature that examines the effectiveness and equity-related performance of PES initiatives targeting biodiversity conservation in tropical and sub-tropical countries. We investigate the key features of such analyses as regards their analytical and methodological approach and we identify emerging lessons from PES practice, leading to a new suggested research agenda. Our results indicate that analyses of PES effectiveness have to date focused on either ecosystem service provision or habitat proxies, with only half of them making explicit assessment of additionality and most describing that payments have been beneficial for land cover and biodiversity. Studies evaluating the impact of PES on livelihoods suggest more negative outcomes, with an uneven treatment of the procedural and distributive considerations of scheme design and payment distribution, and a large heterogeneity of evaluative frameworks. We propose an agenda for future PES research based on the emerging interest in assessing environmental outcomes more rigorously and documenting social impacts in a more comparative and contextually situated form

The measurement of ice velocity, mass balance and thinning-rate on Johnsons Glacier, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

A network of twenty stakes was set up on Johnsons Glacier in order to determine its dynamics. During the austral summers from 1994-95 to 1997-98, we estimated surface velocities, mass balances and ice thickness variations. Horizontal velocity increased down-stream from 1 m a-1 near the ice divides to 40 m a-1 near the ice terminus. The accumulation zone showed low accumulation rates (maximum of 0,6 m a-1(ice)), whereas in the lower part of the glacier, ablation rates were 4,3 m a-1(ice). Over the 3-year study period, both in the accumulation and ablation zones, we detected a reduction in the ice surface level ranging from 2 to 10 m from the annual vertical velocities and ice-thinning data, the mass balance was obtained and compared with the mass balance field values, resulting in similar estimates. Flux values were calculated using cross-section data and horizontal velocities, and compared with the results obtained by means of mass balance and ice thinning data using the continuity equation. The two methods gave similar results

The measurement of ice velocity, mass balance and thinning-rate on Johnsons Glacier, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Amb l’objectiu d’estudiar el funcionament de la Glacera de Johnsons, s’han instal·lat vint estaques a la seva superfície. Durant els estius australs compresos entre els anys 1994-95 i 1997-98, s’ha mesurat la velocitat superficial, el balanç de massa i la variació del gruix de gel. La velocitat horitzontal augmenta aigües avall amb valors entre 1 m a-1 a la divisòria d’aigües fins 40 m a-1 aprop del penya-segat terminal. La zona d’acumulació presenta taxes d’acumulació baixes, amb màxims de 0,6 m a- 1 (gel), mentres que a la part baixa de la glacera, la taxa d’ablació és de 4,3 m a-1 (gel). Durant el període d’estudi i tant a la zona d’acumulació com a la d’ablació, s’ha detectat una reducció del nivell de la superfície del gel que oscil·la entre els 2 i els 10 m. A partir de les dades de velocitat ve rtical i taxa d’aprimament, s’ha obtingut el balanç de massa i s’ha contrastat amb les dades obtingudes al camp per aquest mateix paràmetre, resultant en un bon ajust. S’han estimat valors de flux a partir de considerar la secció del canal i velocitats horitzontals. La comparació d’aquests valors amb els obtinguts mitjançant l’equació de continuitat, que considera el balanç de massa i la taxa d’aprimament, dóna resultats similars.A network of twenty stakes was set up on Johnsons Glacier in order to determine its dynamics. During the austral summers from 1994-95 to 1997-98, we estimated surface velocities, mass balances and ice thickness variations. Horizontal velocity increased down-stream from 1 m a-1 near the ice divides to 40 m a-1 near the ice terminus. The accumulation zone showed low accumulation rates (maximum of 0,6 m a-1(ice)), whereas in the lower part of the glacier, ablation rates were 4,3 m a-1(ice). Over the 3-year study period, both in the accumulation and ablation zones, we detected a reduction in the ice surface level ranging from 2 to 10 m from the annual vertical velocities and ice-thinning data, the mass balance was obtained and compared with the mass balance field values, resulting in similar estimates. Flux values were calculated using cross-section data and horizontal velocities, and compared with the results obtained by means of mass balance and ice thinning data using the continuity equation. The two methods gave similar results