Neurobiología de la autorregulación afectiva, patrones de apego y compatibilidad en la relación terapeuta-paciente

This paper presents an approach to the therapeutic effects of the therapist-patient relationship (and especifically the therapeutic alliance) from the standpoint of scientific knowledge of the influence of attachment relationships in the neurobiology of affective regulation.Este artículo presenta una aproximación a los efectos terapéuticos de la relación terapeuta-paciente (y más concretamente de la alianza terapéutica) desde los conocimientos científicos actuales sobre la influencia de las relaciones de apego en la neurobiología de la autorregulación afectiva

New insights into the comprehension of the magnetic properties of dinuclear Mn(III) compounds with general formula [{MnL(NN)}2(μ-O)(μ-n-RC6H4COO)2]X2

Five new dinuclear Mn(III) compounds with benzoato derivative bridges [{Mn(bpy)L}2(μ-O)(μ-n-RC6H4COO)2]X2 (n-R = 3-MeO, 4-MeO and 4-tBu, X = NO3− and ClO4−) were synthesised and characterised. According to X-ray diffraction, the X anions tend to be coordinated to the Mn ions and may occupy the place of the monodentate ligand L. Two structural isomers that only differ in one of their monodentate ligands have been obtained with the 3-MeOC6H4COO− bridges. For all compounds, the Mn(III) ions display elongated octahedra with a pronounced rhombic distortion. To quantify these distortions separately, the elongation and rhombicity parameters Δ and ρ have been defined. The magnetic study shows a good relationship between the distortion of the coordination polyhedra and the zero field splitting parameters (DMn and EMn). From the magnetic data of a powder sample, it is possible to determine the sign and magnitude of DMn for ferromagnetic systems or weak antiferromagnetic systems with DMn < 0. For this kind of dinuclear compound, the R group at the meta position, the rhombic distortion of the octahedra, and large torsion angles between the Jahn-Teller axes lead to ferromagnetic interactions

Thirteenth Intercomparison Campaign of the Regional Brewer Calibration Center Europe: Lichtklimatisches Observatorium, Arosa, Switzerland: 30 July–10 August 2018

Editado por Alberto Redondas y Stoyka NetchevaThis thirteenth campaign was a joint exercise of the Regional Brewer Calibration Center for Europe (RBCC-E) and the Regional Dobson Calibration Center (RDCC-E) with the support of MeteoSwiss and of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The following operations were performed by the RBCC-E during the intercomparison: Ozone calibration against the RBCC-E travelling reference (B#185) ; Compilation of the calibration histories of the instruments ; Evaluation of the Level 2 Eubrewnet ozone data for the period between intercomparisons

Singlet ground state in compounds with [MnIII4O2]8+ core due to broken degeneration

Two new tetranuclear compounds with a formula [MnIII4(μ-O)2(μ-4-RC6H4COO)7−m(L)2m(phen)2](ClO4)1+m, where R = MeO or tBu and m = 0 or 1, were synthesised and studied structurally and magnetically. The core of these compounds comprises a central Mn2O2 rhombus to which two terminal ions are attached - one to each oxo bridge. There are two types of bridges that alternately bind the central and terminal ions, those having a triple (μ-O)(μ-RCOO)2 or a double (μ-O)(μ-RCOO) bridge. The fit of the magnetic data of analogous compounds has so far been performed considering two different magnetic interactions, that between central ions (J1) and those between terminal and central ions (Jct), leading to ground states with ST = 2 or 3, or to five energetically degenerate ground states with ST = 0-4, depending on the J1/Jct ratio. In contrast, the compounds presented herein show an isolated ST = 0 ground state, and it was necessary to distinguish the two types of magnetic interactions between central and terminal ions (J2 and J3) to achieve a good fit of the experimental data. The differentiation of these interactions causes a spin state redistribution: the degeneration of ST = 0-4 breaks and the states with ST ≠ 0 become unstable as J2 and J3 become more different. Nevertheless, the assignment of these states to a particular spin configuration was unachievable because the composition of these states changes upon decreasing the J3/J2 ratio. The importance of considering the relative orientation of Jahn-Teller axes is also highlighted

Determination of ZFS parameters from the EPR spectra of mono-, di- and trinuclear MnII complexes: impact of magnetic coupling

A family of new MnII compounds, consisting of seven dinuclear, three mononuclear, and four trinuclear ones, were synthesised using benzoic acid derivatives n-RC6H4COOH, where n-R = 2-MeO, 3-MeO, 4-MeO, or 4-tBu, and 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10-phenantroline (phen) as blocking ligands. The crystal structures of nine of these compounds and the magnetic studies of all of them are reported here. Each type of compound was formed depending on the presence or absence of ClO4− ions, the solvent used, and/or the presence of a small amount of water in the reaction medium. The use of the tert-buthylbenzoate ligand gave unexpected results, very likely due to the steric hindrance caused by the voluminous tBu groups. The EPR spectra of each type of compound give some peculiar features that allow its identification. Attempts to fit these spectra have been made in order to determine the ZFS parameters, D and E, of the MnII ion (for mononuclear and dinuclear systems) or of the ground state (for trinuclear systems). For trinuclear systems, the single-ion ZFS parameters estimated from those of the ground state provided a good simulation of the EPR spectra of these compounds. The EPR signals observed in each case have been rationalised according to the energy level distribution and the plausible population in the excited states. In some particular situations, the sign of DMn could be determined from the fit of the EPR spectra of the antiferromagnetic dinuclear compounds, the source of the difference between the spectra lying in the second excited state

C and O isotopes of the Riópar Non-Sulfide Zn Ores (Albacete, SE Spain)

Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasFALSEEspaña. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividadpu

Magnetic behavior of heterometallic wheels having a [MnIV6M2O9]10+ core with M = Ca2+ and Sr2+

Two new heterometallic MnIV−M2+ compounds with formula [Mn6M2O9(4-tBuC6H4COO)10(4-tBuC6H4COOH)5] (M = Ca2+ (1), Sr2+ (2)) have been crystallized. The core of both compounds consists of a planar Mn6 ring, where the MnIV ions are alternatively bridged by (μ3-O)2(μ-RCOO) and (μ4-O)(μ-RCOO)2 ligands, and the two alkaline earth ions are located to both sides of the wheel, linked to the oxo bridges, generating three fused [Mn2M2O4]4+ cuboids. These compounds show a net antiferromagnetic behavior, more important for 2 (Sr2+) than for 1 (Ca2+). The fitting of the experimental data was performed with the support of DFT calculations, considering four different exchange pathways: two between adjacent MnIV ions (J1 and J2) and two between nonadjacent MnIV ions (J3 and J4). The results of the analysis show that J1 and J2 are of the opposite sign, the ferromagnetic contribution corresponding to the [Mn2(μ4- O)(μ-RCOO)2]4+ unit (J2). The influence of the M2+ ions in the magnetic behavior is analyzed for 1 and 2 and for three hypothetical models with the structural parameters of 1 containing Mg2+, Sr2+ or without the M2+ ions. In spite of the diamagnetic character of the alkaline earth ions, their influence on the magnetic behavior has been evidenced and correlated with their polarizing effect. Moreover, the magnetic interactions between nonadjacent ions are non-negligible

Fourteenth Intercomparison Campaign of the Regional Brewer Calibration Centre Europe : El Arenosillo Atmospheric Sounding Station, Huelva, Spain, 17-28 June 2019

In this campaign, the Regional Brewer Calibration Center for Europe (RBCC-E) transferred its own absolute ozone calibration obtained from the Langley method at the Izaña Observatory to all other participating instruments. Such intercomparison campaigns, with a large number of participating instruments, provide an overview of the current state of ozone measurements being made by the European Brewer network. The instruments were compared with the RBCC-E standard Brewer#185 for ozone and with the European reference standard from the World Radiation Center (WRC) QASUME unit for UV

Talousrikollisuus Suomessa

Opinnäytetyöni aiheena on talousrikollisuus Suomessa. Keskityn työssäni kuvaamaan talousrikollisuutta yleensä sekä sen yleisimpiä tekomuotoja. Lisäksi pyrin tuomaan esille millainen rangaistuskäytäntö Suomessa vallitsee talousrikosten osalta sekä kuinka paljon poliisin tutkittavaksi tulee vuosittain talousrikoksia. Tavoitteenani on selvittää mitä on talousrikollisuus ja sen käsitteen alle kuuluvat rikoslaissa rangaistaviksi säädetyt, työhöni valikoituneet teot, miten ne ilmentyvät ja kuinka niistä rangaistaan, millainen prosessi talousrikosten tutkinta on ja kuinka yleistä talousrikollisuus on Suomessa. Tutkimusmateriaalina käytän oikeuskirjallisuutta, rikoslakia, lainvalmistelutöitä sekä oikeustapauksia. Talousrikollisuudesta löytyy myös suhteellisen paljon oike-uspoliittisen tutkimuslaitoksen tekemiä tutkimuksia, joiden tilastotietoja käytän työssäni hyväkseni. Talousrikollisuudella on yhteiskunnalle paljonkin negatiivista vaikutusta etenkin taloudellisessa mielessä. Talousrikollisuuden tutkinta on hidasta ja työlästä, joten se vaatii paljon resursseja. Talousrikoksista saadut rangaistukset puhuttavat paljon, sillä usein ne ovat tiukempia kuin rangaistukset, joita saadaan henkeen ja vereen kohdistuvista teoista.The topic of this thesis is Economic Crimes in Finland. The focused was on de-scribing economic crime in general together with the most common methods of it. Another aim was to bring forth what kind of a punishment policy is prevailing in economic crime cases in Finland and how many crimes are reported to the police every year. The goal was to examine what economic crime is and the methods which are pun-ishable in criminal law. Also how such crimes appear and what are the punishment measures, what kind of process economic crime investigation is and how common it is in Finland. As research material were used a literature on justice, criminal law and some legal precedents. A few research studies based on economic crimes were found, some of the statistics I was used in this Bachelor’s thesis. Economic crime has an negative influence on society, especially economically. Investigation of economic crimes takes a lot of time and resources. The punish-ments which are given for conducting economic crime cause a lot of discussion and debate, because often the punishments are tighter than punishments in crimes which are focused on people