Paratopie : Quand l’analyse du discours littéraire (se) joue des frontières

Depuis quelque vingt ans, Dominique Maingueneau, linguiste et professeur à l’Université Paris XII, s’applique à théoriser l’analyse du discours littéraire tout en cherchant à la faire reconnaître comme discipline des études littéraires, en invoquant une « rectification des frontières » épistémologiques dans ce domaine. Au centre de cette théorie se trouve une notion clé, un principe invariant appelé paratopie. Malgré un succès relatif, cette notion présenterait un problème de taille : celui de placer, dans la même catégorie, l’analyse du discours littéraire et l’objet de son analyse. À partir de ce constat, que Maingueneau souligne lui-même, ce sont les implications épistémologiques et la valeur opératoire de la paratopie que cet article tente de mettre en lumière afin de comprendre la réticence des spécialistes d’autres orientations critiques à reconnaître le bien-fondé de la démarche de Maingueneau.For about twenty years, Dominique Maingueneau, a linguist and professor at the University of Paris XII, has attempted to theorize literary discourse analysis while promoting its recognition as a discipline of literary studies by favoring a “rectification of epistemological borders” in this area. This involves a concept central to this theory, an invariant principle called paratopie. Despite relative success, this concept presents the problem of putting the analysis of literary discourse and the paratopie, which is a major part of hits subject, in the same category. Because of this, as Maingueneau himself emphasizes, this article tries to highlight this particular phenomenon of the entanglement of metadiscursive and discursive levels, in order to understand, on one hand, the epistemological implications of the paratopie, and, on the second hand, the reticence of some literary specialists to recognize literary discourse analysis on the very basis of this concept

Does noncommutative geometry predict nonlinear Higgs mechanism?

It is argued that the noncommutative geometry construction of the standard model predicts a nonlinear symmetry breaking mechanism rather than the orthodox Higgs mechanism. Such models have experimentally verifiable consequences.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX file, BI-TP 93/2

Evaluating altimetry-derived surface currents on the south Greenland shelf with surface drifters

The pathways and fate of freshwater in the East Greenland Coastal Current (EGCC) are crucial to the climate system. The EGCC transports large amounts of freshwater in close proximity to sites of deep open-ocean convection in the Labrador and Irminger seas. Many studies have attempted to analyze this system from models and various observational platforms, but the modeling results largely disagree with one another, and observations are limited due to the harsh conditions typical of the region. Altimetry-derived surface currents, constructed from remote-sensing observations and applying geostrophic equations, provide a continuous observational data set beginning in 1993. However, these products have historically encountered difficulties in coastal regions, and thus their validity must be checked. In this work, we use a comprehensive methodology to compare these Eulerian data to a Lagrangian data set of 34 surface drifter trajectories and demonstrate that the altimetry-derived surface currents are surprisingly capable of recovering the spatial structure of the flow field on the south Greenland shelf and can mimic the Lagrangian nature of the flow as observed from surface drifters.</p

Intercultural dialogues and the creativity of knowledge - A study on Daya Krishna

Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit bespricht den Beitrag des Philosophen Daya Krishna (1924-2007) für den Bereich interkultureller Dialoge. Als eine maßgebliche Person akademischer indischer Philosophie hinterließ Daya Krishna ein umfangreiches und vielseitiges, jedoch hauptsächlich unentdecktes Werk. Zuerst biete ich einen Zugang zu seiner diversen Philosophie an, indem ich mich auf sein philosophisches Projekt als ganzes fokussiere. Sein Projekt versucht, die Voraussetzungen des Denkens sichtbar zu machen, was nur mittels Dialogen über philosophische Traditionen mit verschiedenen Voraussetzungen hinweg durchgeführt werden kann. In Anwendung seines Projekts auf den Bereich interkultureller Dialoge stelle ich erst einige Grenzen heraus, an welche aktuelle interkulturelle Theorien stoßen, die in Reaktion auf ihr postmodernes europäisches Erbe den Eurozentrismus zu dekonstruieren und einen globalen philosophischen Dialog zu etablieren versuchen. Als Kontrapunkt dazu stelle ich die Herausforderungen englischsprachiger indischer Philosophen in Indien vor, welche einer Entwurzelung ihrer eigenen Traditionen ausgesetzt sind. Ihrer eigenen philosophischen Vergangenheit beraubt, erfahren sie diese Entwurzelung als eine kulturelle Unterwerfung. In diesem Kontext verband Daya Krishna isolierte Gemeinschaften von Denkern,...This work discusses the contribution of the philosopher Daya Krishna (1924-2007) to the realm of intercultural dialogues. A leading figure of academic Indian philosophy, Daya Krishna left an immense and eclectic, yet mainly unexplored, corpus. Firstly, I offer one approach to his diverse philosophy by focusing on his philosophical project as a whole. His project attempts to unveil the presuppositions of thinking, which can only be effectuated in dialoguing across philosophical traditions founded on different presuppositions. Applying his project to the realm of intercultural dialogues, I begin by questioning the limits encountered by recent intercultural theories aiming at deconstructing Eurocentrism and establishing a global philosophical dialogue while responding to their postmodern European heritages. As a counterpoint, I introduce the challenges of Anglophone Indian philosophers in India, facing an uprooting from their own traditions. They feel this uprooting as cultural subjection, deprived of their own philosophical past. Within this context, Daya Krishna connected isolated communities of thinkers by organizing multilingual dialogues (called 'saṃvāda') between traditional paṇḍits, ulama and Anglophone philosophers. I reconstruct some of these experiments, thereby emphasizing methodological...Doktorský obor Německá a francouzská filosofiePhD. - German and French PhilosophyFaculty of HumanitiesFakulta humanitních studi

Basic Parameters and Some Precision Tests of the Standard Model

We present a review of the masses (except for neutrino masses) and interaction strengths in the standard model. Special emphasis is put on quantities that have been determined with significantly improved precision in the last few years. In particular, a number of determinations of $\alpha_s$ and the electromagnetic coupling on the $Z$, $\alpha_{\rm QED}(M_Z^2)$ are presented and their implications for the Higgs mass discussed; the best prediction that results for this last quantity being $$M_H=102^{+54}_{-36} GeV/c^2.$$ Besides this, we also discuss a few extra precision tests of the standard model: the electron magnetic moment and dipole moment, and the muon magnetic moment.Comment: Plain TeX file. 6figure

Search for the rare decay Λc+ →pμ+μ-

The flavor-changing neutral-current (FCNC) decay Λþ c → pμþμ− (inclusion of the charge-conjugate processes is implied throughout) is expected to be heavily suppressed in the Standard Model (SM) by the Glashow-IliopoulosMaiani mechanism [1]. The branching fractions for shortdistance c → ulþl− contributions to the transition are expected to be of Oð10−9Þ in the SM but can be enhanced by effects beyond the SM. However, long-distance contributions proceeding via a tree-level amplitude, with an intermediate meson resonance decaying into a dimuon pair [2,3], can increase the branching fraction up to Oð10−6Þ [4]. The short-distance and hadronic contributions can be separated by splitting the data set into relevant regions of dimuon mass. The Λþ c → pμþμ− decay has been previously searched for by the BABAR Collaboration [5], yielding 11.1 5.0 2.5 events and an upper limit on the branching fraction of 4.4 × 10−5 at 90% C.L. Similar FCNC transitions for the b-quark system (b → slþl−) exhibit a pattern of consistent deviations from the current SM predictions both in branching fractions [6] and angular observables [7], with the combined significance reaching 4 to 5 standard deviations [8,9]. Processes involving c → ulþl− transitions are far less explored at both the experimental and theoretical levels, which makes such measurements desirable. Similar analyses of the D system have reported evidence for the longdistance contribution [10]; however, the short-distance contributions have not been established [11]

Measurement of the CP asymmetry in B − → Ds − D 0 and B − → D − D 0 decays

Abstract: The CP asymmetry in B− → D− s D0 and B− → D−D0 decays is measured using LHCb data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1 , collected in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The results are ACP (B− → D− s D0 ) = (−0.4 ± 0.5 ± 0.5)% and ACP (B− → D−D0 ) = (2.3 ± 2.7 ± 0.4)%, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. This is the first measurement of ACP (B− → D− s D0 ) and the most precise determination of ACP (B− → D−D0 ). Neither result shows evidence of CP violation

First observation of B + → Ds + K + K − decays and a search for B + → Ds + ϕ decays

A search for B+ → D+ s K+K− decays is performed using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 fb−1 , collected at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV with the LHCb experiment. A significant signal is observed for the first time and the branching fraction is determined to be B(B + → D+ s K+K−) = (7.1 ± 0.5 ± 0.6 ± 0.7) × 10−6 , where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third due to the uncertainty on the branching fraction of the normalisation mode B+ → D+ sD 0 . A search is also performed for the pure annihilation decay B+ → D+ s φ. No significant signal is observed and a limit of B(B + → D+ s φ) < 4.9 × 10−7 (4.2 × 10−7 ) is set on the branching fraction at 95% (90%) confidence level. Keywords: B physics, Branching fraction, Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments), Rare deca

Search for the Lepton-Flavor-Violating Decays Bs0 →τ±μâ' and B0 →τ±μâ'

Results are reported from a search for the rare decays Bs0→τ±μâ' and B0→τ±μâ', where the τ lepton is reconstructed in the channel τ-→π-π+π-ντ. These processes are effectively forbidden in the standard model, but they can potentially occur at detectable rates in models of new physics that can induce lepton-flavor-violating decays. The search is based on a data sample corresponding to 3 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions recorded by the LHCb experiment in 2011 and 2012. The event yields observed in the signal regions for both processes are consistent with the expected standard model backgrounds. Because of the limited mass resolution arising from the undetected τ neutrino, the Bs0 and B0 signal regions are highly overlapping. Assuming no contribution from B0→τ±μâ', the upper limit B(Bs0→τ±μâ')<4.2×10-5 is obtained at 95% confidence level. If no contribution from Bs0→τ±μâ' is assumed, a limit of B(B0→τ±μâ')<1.4×10-5 is obtained at 95% confidence level. These results represent the first limit on B(Bs0→τ±μâ') and the most stringent limit on B(B0→τ±μâ')