MicroRNA133 and microRNA499 exert synergistic effect on cardiac differentiation

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Frequency of Salmonella enterica in backyard chicken from San Lorenzo City, Departamento Central, República del Paraguay

La salmonelosis es la enfermedad transmitida por alimentos de origen bacteriano más importante a nivel mundial y su agente etiológico es Salmonella enterica. En Paraguay, es habitual la cría de aves de traspatio para consumo de huevos y carne. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la frecuencia de S. enterica en aves de traspatio de la Localidad de San Lorenzo, Departamento Central, República del Paraguay. Se recolectaron 400 muestras cloacales de aves de traspatio. La detección de S. enterica se realizó por PCR. Para el aislamiento se utilizó la metodología de separación inmunomagnética y la siembra en agar XLT4. Las colonias sospechosas fueron caracterizadas por pruebas bioquímicas y serotipificación. Se determinó la susceptibilidad a 11 antimicrobianos. Se detectaron 25 (6,25%) muestras positivas por PCR y se aislaron 11 (2,75%) cepas de S. enterica: 8 S. Enteritidis, 2 S. Schwarzengrund y 1 S. Saintpaul. Todos los aislamientos fueron sensibles a 9 antimicrobianos probados. Sin embargo, todas las cepas de S. Enteritidis presentaron resistencia a ácido nalidíxico y nitrofurantoína. Salmonella Enteritidis se encuentra entre las serovariedades más comunes que causan salmonelosis en el ser humano y es el serotipo más prevalente en casos de ETA en Paraguay. Consideramos necesario implementar medidas de intervención relacionadas con la educación de los propietarios de aves de traspatio. Este es el primer trabajo en el que se detectó, aisló y caracterizó S. enterica en aves de traspatio de la República del Paraguay.Salmonelosis is a disease transmitted by food of more important bacterial origin worldwide. The ethiological agent is Salmonella enterica. In Paraguay, backyard chicken raising is common for home eggs and meat production and consumption. The aim of this work was to determine the frequency of S. enterica in backyard chicken at San Lorenzo, a city located in the Central Department of Paraguay. Four hundred cloacae samples of backyard chicken were collected. S. enterica was detected through PCR technique. The inmunomagnetic separation methodology and streaked in agar XLT4 were used for Salmonella isolation. Suspicious colonies were characterized by biochemical tests and serotypification. Susceptibility to 11 antimicrobial agent was determined. Twenty five positive samples (6.25%) were detected by PCR and 11 strain (2.75 %) of S. enterica were isolated: 8 S. Enteritidis, 2 S. Schwarzengrund and 1 S. Saintpaul. All the isolates were sensitive to 9 antimicrobial tested. However, all S. Enteritidis showed resistance to nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoin. Salmonella Enteritidis is between the most common serovar that may cause salmonelosis in the human being. It is also the most prevailing serotype in ETA cases in Paraguay. It is necessary to implement measures related to the education of backyard chicken owners and raisers. This is the first work that detected, isolated and characterized S. enterica in backyard chickens in ParaguayFacultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Frequency of Salmonella enterica in backyard chicken from San Lorenzo City, Departamento Central, República del Paraguay

La salmonelosis es la enfermedad transmitida por alimentos de origen bacteriano más importante a nivel mundial y su agente etiológico es Salmonella enterica. En Paraguay, es habitual la cría de aves de traspatio para consumo de huevos y carne. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la frecuencia de S. enterica en aves de traspatio de la Localidad de San Lorenzo, Departamento Central, República del Paraguay. Se recolectaron 400 muestras cloacales de aves de traspatio. La detección de S. enterica se realizó por PCR. Para el aislamiento se utilizó la metodología de separación inmunomagnética y la siembra en agar XLT4. Las colonias sospechosas fueron caracterizadas por pruebas bioquímicas y serotipificación. Se determinó la susceptibilidad a 11 antimicrobianos. Se detectaron 25 (6,25%) muestras positivas por PCR y se aislaron 11 (2,75%) cepas de S. enterica: 8 S. Enteritidis, 2 S. Schwarzengrund y 1 S. Saintpaul. Todos los aislamientos fueron sensibles a 9 antimicrobianos probados. Sin embargo, todas las cepas de S. Enteritidis presentaron resistencia a ácido nalidíxico y nitrofurantoína. Salmonella Enteritidis se encuentra entre las serovariedades más comunes que causan salmonelosis en el ser humano y es el serotipo más prevalente en casos de ETA en Paraguay. Consideramos necesario implementar medidas de intervención relacionadas con la educación de los propietarios de aves de traspatio. Este es el primer trabajo en el que se detectó, aisló y caracterizó S. enterica en aves de traspatio de la República del Paraguay.Salmonelosis is a disease transmitted by food of more important bacterial origin worldwide. The ethiological agent is Salmonella enterica. In Paraguay, backyard chicken raising is common for home eggs and meat production and consumption. The aim of this work was to determine the frequency of S. enterica in backyard chicken at San Lorenzo, a city located in the Central Department of Paraguay. Four hundred cloacae samples of backyard chicken were collected. S. enterica was detected through PCR technique. The inmunomagnetic separation methodology and streaked in agar XLT4 were used for Salmonella isolation. Suspicious colonies were characterized by biochemical tests and serotypification. Susceptibility to 11 antimicrobial agent was determined. Twenty five positive samples (6.25%) were detected by PCR and 11 strain (2.75 %) of S. enterica were isolated: 8 S. Enteritidis, 2 S. Schwarzengrund and 1 S. Saintpaul. All the isolates were sensitive to 9 antimicrobial tested. However, all S. Enteritidis showed resistance to nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoin. Salmonella Enteritidis is between the most common serovar that may cause salmonelosis in the human being. It is also the most prevailing serotype in ETA cases in Paraguay. It is necessary to implement measures related to the education of backyard chicken owners and raisers. This is the first work that detected, isolated and characterized S. enterica in backyard chickens in ParaguayFacultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Frequency of Salmonella enterica in backyard chicken from San Lorenzo City, Departamento Central, República del Paraguay

La salmonelosis es la enfermedad transmitida por alimentos de origen bacteriano más importante a nivel mundial y su agente etiológico es Salmonella enterica. En Paraguay, es habitual la cría de aves de traspatio para consumo de huevos y carne. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la frecuencia de S. enterica en aves de traspatio de la Localidad de San Lorenzo, Departamento Central, República del Paraguay. Se recolectaron 400 muestras cloacales de aves de traspatio. La detección de S. enterica se realizó por PCR. Para el aislamiento se utilizó la metodología de separación inmunomagnética y la siembra en agar XLT4. Las colonias sospechosas fueron caracterizadas por pruebas bioquímicas y serotipificación. Se determinó la susceptibilidad a 11 antimicrobianos. Se detectaron 25 (6,25%) muestras positivas por PCR y se aislaron 11 (2,75%) cepas de S. enterica: 8 S. Enteritidis, 2 S. Schwarzengrund y 1 S. Saintpaul. Todos los aislamientos fueron sensibles a 9 antimicrobianos probados. Sin embargo, todas las cepas de S. Enteritidis presentaron resistencia a ácido nalidíxico y nitrofurantoína. Salmonella Enteritidis se encuentra entre las serovariedades más comunes que causan salmonelosis en el ser humano y es el serotipo más prevalente en casos de ETA en Paraguay. Consideramos necesario implementar medidas de intervención relacionadas con la educación de los propietarios de aves de traspatio. Este es el primer trabajo en el que se detectó, aisló y caracterizó S. enterica en aves de traspatio de la República del Paraguay.Salmonelosis is a disease transmitted by food of more important bacterial origin worldwide. The ethiological agent is Salmonella enterica. In Paraguay, backyard chicken raising is common for home eggs and meat production and consumption. The aim of this work was to determine the frequency of S. enterica in backyard chicken at San Lorenzo, a city located in the Central Department of Paraguay. Four hundred cloacae samples of backyard chicken were collected. S. enterica was detected through PCR technique. The inmunomagnetic separation methodology and streaked in agar XLT4 were used for Salmonella isolation. Suspicious colonies were characterized by biochemical tests and serotypification. Susceptibility to 11 antimicrobial agent was determined. Twenty five positive samples (6.25%) were detected by PCR and 11 strain (2.75 %) of S. enterica were isolated: 8 S. Enteritidis, 2 S. Schwarzengrund and 1 S. Saintpaul. All the isolates were sensitive to 9 antimicrobial tested. However, all S. Enteritidis showed resistance to nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoin. Salmonella Enteritidis is between the most common serovar that may cause salmonelosis in the human being. It is also the most prevailing serotype in ETA cases in Paraguay. It is necessary to implement measures related to the education of backyard chicken owners and raisers. This is the first work that detected, isolated and characterized S. enterica in backyard chickens in ParaguayFacultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Habitat, Fish Species, and Fish Assemblage Associations of the Topeka Shiner in West-Central Iowa

Our goal was to identify habitat, fish species, and fish assemblages associated with the occurrence of Topeka Shiners Notropis topeka in stream and off-channel habitat (OCH) of west-central Iowa. Fish assemblages and habitat characteristics were estimated in 67 stream and 27OCHsites during 2010–2011. Topeka Shiners were sampled in 52% of OCH sites, but in only 9% of stream sites, which supports the hypothesis that OCH is an important component of their life history. Fish assemblages containing Topeka Shiners were different from those that did not contain Topeka Shiners in OCH sites, but this was not evident in stream sites. Results from logistic regression models suggested that Topeka Shiner presence was associated with increased submerged vegetation and abundance of Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas. Contrary to the findings of other studies, the abundance of large piscivorous fishes was not associated with the occurrence of Topeka Shiners. Our results provide new information about the biology and life history of the Topeka Shiner that will guide habitat restoration and other recovery efforts

PAUSED for thought? Using verbal protocol analysis to understand the situational and temporal cues in the decision-making of residential burglars

Using verbal protocol analysis (VPA) alongside semi-structured interviews, this research aimed to explicate the situational dynamics that inform the decision-making and target selection of residential burglars. Focusing on the VPA method, novel to criminological research, the paper considers the contribution of this empirical approach for studying the decision-making of offenders in situ. The findings reveal a series of cues, encapsulated in the ‘PAUSED’ model, that are drawn upon by residential burglars to assess the suitability of a target; determining whether it is profitable, accessible, uninterruptible, surveillable, escapable and/or dishonourable. The PAUSED model is unpacked to articulate a collection of visual stimuli that serve to disrupt and suspend the otherwise rapid flow of target appraisal. Discussion of the strengths and limitations of the VPA method, and how it can compliment other approaches to understanding the decision-making of residential burglars, is provided

The North American tree-ring fire-scar network

Fire regimes in North American forests are diverse and modern fire records are often too short to capture important patterns, trends, feedbacks, and drivers of variability. Tree-ring fire scars provide valuable perspectives on fire regimes, including centuries-long records of fire year, season, frequency, severity, and size. Here, we introduce the newly compiled North American tree-ring fire-scar network (NAFSN), which contains 2562 sites, >37,000 fire-scarred trees, and covers large parts of North America. We investigate the NAFSN in terms of geography, sample depth, vegetation, topography, climate, and human land use. Fire scars are found in most ecoregions, from boreal forests in northern Alaska and Canada to subtropical forests in southern Florida and Mexico. The network includes 91 tree species, but is dominated by gymnosperms in the genus Pinus. Fire scars are found from sea level to >4000-m elevation and across a range of topographic settings that vary by ecoregion. Multiple regions are densely sampled (e.g., >1000 fire-scarred trees), enabling new spatial analyses such as reconstructions of area burned. To demonstrate the potential of the network, we compared the climate space of the NAFSN to those of modern fires and forests; the NAFSN spans a climate space largely representative of the forested areas in North America, with notable gaps in warmer tropical climates. Modern fires are burning in similar climate spaces as historical fires, but disproportionately in warmer regions compared to the historical record, possibly related to under-sampling of warm subtropical forests or supporting observations of changing fire regimes. The historical influence of Indigenous and non-Indigenous human land use on fire regimes varies in space and time. A 20th century fire deficit associated with human activities is evident in many regions, yet fire regimes characterized by frequent surface fires are still active in some areas (e.g., Mexico and the southeastern United States). These analyses provide a foundation and framework for future studies using the hundreds of thousands of annually- to sub-annually-resolved tree-ring records of fire spanning centuries, which will further advance our understanding of the interactions among fire, climate, topography, vegetation, and humans across North America