Physical activity education in the undergraduate curricula of all UK medical schools: are tomorrow's doctors equipped to follow clinical guidelines?

Physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone of disease prevention and treatment. There is, however, a considerable disparity between public health policy, clinical guidelines and the delivery of physical activity promotion within the National Health Service in the UK. If this is to be addressed in the battle against non-communicable diseases, it is vital that tomorrow's doctors understand the basic science and health benefits of physical activity. The aim of this study was to assess the provision of physical activity teaching content in the curricula of all medical schools in the UK. Our results, with responses from all UK medical schools, uncovered some alarming findings, showing that there is widespread omission of basic teaching elements, such as the Chief Medical Officer recommendations and guidance on physical activity. There is an urgent need for physical activity teaching to have dedicated time at medical schools, to equip tomorrow's doctors with the basic knowledge, confidence and skills to promote physical activity and follow numerous clinical guidelines that support physical activity promotion

Preliminary design study of nuclear Brayton cycle/Heat Exchanger and Duct Assembly /HXDA/, phase 3 Topical report

Nuclear Brayton cycle heat exchanger and duct assembl

Pressure containment tests in support of the nuclear Brayton cycle heat exchanger and duct assembly /HXDA/, phase 2

Plate-fin heat exchangers for nuclear reactor Brayton cycl

Measuring physical activity in children and adolescents for dietary surveys: practicalities, problems and pitfalls

Physical inactivity is an important risk factor for many chronic diseases and contributes to obesity and poor mental well-being. The present paper describes the main advantages and disadvantages, practical problems, suggested uses, and future developments regarding self-reported and objective data collection in the context of dietary surveys. In dietary surveys, physical activity is measured primarily to estimate energy expenditure. Energy expenditure surveillance is important for tracking changes over time, particularly given the debates over the role of the relative importance of energy intake and expenditure changes in the aetiology of obesity. It is also important to assess the extent of underreporting of dietary intake in these surveys. Physical activity data collected should include details on the frequency, duration and relative intensity of activity for each activity type that contributes considerably to overall activity and energy expenditure. Problems of validity and reliability, associated with inaccurate assessment, recall bias, and social desirability bias, are well-known; children under 10 years cannot report their activities accurately. However, despite such limitations, questionnaires are still the dominant method of physical activity assessment in dietary surveys due to their low cost and relatively low participant burden. Objective, time-stamped measures that monitor heart rate and/or movement can provide more comprehensive, quantitative assessment of physical activity but at greater cost and participant burden. Although overcoming many limitations of questionnaires, objective measures also have drawbacks, including technical, practical and interpretational issues

An overview of the literature concerning the oceanography of the eastern North Atlantic region

An overview of the main oceanographic features of the eastern North Atlantic boundary, with emphasis toward the upper layers, is presented. The principal features discussed are: water mass boundaries; forcing by wind, density and tides; topographic features and effects; fronts; upwelling and downwelling; poleward flows; coastal currents; eddies. The occurrence and spatial and seasonal variability of these features is described in five regional sections: Celtic Sea and western English Channel; Bay of Biscay; western Iberia; Gulf of Cadiz; northwest Africa. This paper is intended to provide a base of physical oceanographic knowledge in support of research in fisheries, biological and chemical oceanography, and marine biology

Financial Literacy Education in Ontario: An Exploratory Study of Elementary Teachers’ Perceptions, Attitudes, and Practices

Politicians are pushing school boards to do more to ensure students leave school with the financial literacy skills they will need to navigate an increasingly complex financial marketplace. Financial literacy education must start early to achieve this goal, yet there has been very little Canadian research on financial literacy education at the elementary level. This exploratory study used an anonymous, online survey to gain a preliminary understanding of full-time Ontario elementary teachers’ perceptions, attitudes, and practices with respect to financial literacy education. Respondents overwhelmingly favour teaching financial literacy in elementary school. Almost half of respondents currently incorporate financial literacy into their classroom practice. These teachers rely primarily on free, online resources. With respect to barriers to teaching financial literacy, respondents cited the lack of an appropriate curriculum and lack of support from schools and school boards. Respondents identified professional development as the main type of support they would like to see schools and school boards provide to support them in teaching financial literacy going forward.   Keywords: financial literacy, financial education, elementary teachersLes politiciens poussent les conseils scolaires à en faire davantage pour s’assurer que les étudiants finissent leurs études avec les compétences financières dont ils auront besoin pour naviguer sur un marché financier de plus en plus complexe. Bien qu’il faille commencer tôt pour atteindre cet objectif, il existe très peu de recherches canadiennes sur l’éducation financière au primaire. Cette étude exploratoire a utilisé un sondage anonyme en ligne pour obtenir une compréhension préliminaire des perceptions, attitudes et pratiques des enseignants à temps plein du primaire en Ontario quant à l’éducation financière. Les répondants sont très majoritairement favorables à l’enseignement de la littératie financière au primaire, et près de la moitié d’entre eux l’intègrent déjà dans leur pratique en classe. Ces enseignants ont principalement recours à des ressources en ligne gratuites. Les répondants mentionnent l’absence d’un programme d’études approprié et le manque de soutien de la part des écoles et des conseils scolaires comme des obstacles à l’enseignement de la littératie financière. Les répondants ont identifié le développement professionnel comme principal type de soutien qu’ils souhaiteraient voir les écoles et les conseils scolaires leur apporter afin de les aider à enseigner la littératie financière dans l’avenir.   Mots-clés : littératie financière, éducation financière, enseignants du primair

Non-Competition Agreements and Research Productivity in the Biotechnology Industry

This paper examines the impact of the state-level legal structure, namely the legal support for non-competition agreements, on research productivity. Specifically, we study how California’s unique lack of non-competition agreement laws influences product develop when controlling for local munificence and firm-level technological capability. Our results indicate that California’s unique legal structure is negatively associated with research productivity as measured by the number of products in development at the time a biotechnology firm goes public. Further, firm size moderates this relationship such that the effect is stronger for smaller biotechnology firms

All cause mortality and the case for age specific alcohol consumption guidelines: pooled analyses of up to 10 population based cohorts.

To examine the suitability of age specific limits for alcohol consumption and to explore the association between alcohol consumption and mortality in different age groups