Prévenir les Conflits Transformer la Justice Obtenir la Paix: Étude mondiale sur la mise en uvre de la résolution 1325 du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies

To mark the fifteenth anniversary of the adoption of resolution 1325 (2000), the Security Council adopted resolution 2122 (2013) inviting the Secretary-General to conduct a review with regard to the implementation of resolution 1325. The review was to identify the gaps and challenges, as well as emerging trends and priorities for action. It requested the SecretaryGeneral to thereafter submit a report based on the findings of this review to the Security Council in October 2015. The Secretary-General requested Radhika Coomaraswamy to be the lead author of the study on the recommendation of the United Nations Standing Committee on Women, Peace and Security. UN Women was requested to be the secretariat of the study. A High-Level Advisory Group was constituted from all regions of the world to assist Ms. Coomaraswamy

Preventing Conflict, Transforming Justice, Securing the Peace: A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council resolution 1325, Arabic

To mark the fifteenth anniversary of the adoption of resolution 1325 (2000), the Security Council adopted resolution 2122 (2013) inviting the Secretary-General to conduct a review with regard to the implementation of resolution 1325. The review was to identify the gaps and challenges, as well as emerging trends and priorities for action. It requested the SecretaryGeneral to thereafter submit a report based on the findings of this review to the Security Council in October 2015. The Secretary-General requested Radhika Coomaraswamy to be the lead author of the study on the recommendation of the United Nations Standing Committee on Women, Peace and Security. UN Women was requested to be the secretariat of the study. A High-Level Advisory Group was constituted from all regions of the world to assist Ms. Coomaraswamy

Interview with Indrajit Coomaraswamy: Commonwealth Oral History Project

Interview with Dr Indrajit Coomaraswamy, conducted 23rd September 2014 in London as part of the Commonwealth Oral History Project. The project aims to produce a unique digital research resource on the oral history of the Commonwealth since 1965 through sixty oral history interviews with leading figures in the recent history of the organisation. It will provide an essential research tool for anyone investigating the history of the Commonwealth and will serve to promote interest in and understanding of the organisation. Biography: Coomaraswamy, Dr Indrajit. 1950- . Educated at Cambridge University and the University of Sussex. Staff Officer, Central Bank of Sri Lanka, 1973-89, serving in Economic Research, Statistics and Bank Supervision Divisions, with a period of secondment to the Ministry of Finance and Planning. Joined the Commonwealth Secretariat in 1990 as Chief Officer, Economics, in the International Finance and Markets Section, later becoming Director of the Economic Affairs Division and Deputy Director, Secretary General’s Office, before leaving ComSec in 2008. Returned as Interim Director, Social Transformation Programmes Division, Commonwealth Secretariat, in 2010. Special Advisor, Galleon Group

Systematic analysis of mineral trioxide aggregate using a model cement system

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a Portland cement-based material in use in dentistry for over 20 years. Although originally developed as a root canal reparative material, multiple applications have since been found for the cement. Commercial MTA is expensive, and for research, its composition cannot be changed/modified. This investigation endeavored to create and validate an affordable MTA model cement system for future research into the material, and use the model created to analyse the cement with view to further understanding it and improving its properties. An MTA-like model system was established and setting times, compressive strength, relative porosity, apparent and specific densities and radiopacity were measures used to assess cement samples made. Sample storage time, composition, alternative radiopacifiers, material consistency and handling, and the effect of powder-to-liquid ratio (PLR) were all investigated, utilising the model system. 5 wt% Plaster of Paris content was found to provide optimal material characteristics, with Bi2O3 the most effective radiopacifier, requiring a minimum proportion of 20 wt% for adequate radiopacity to meet the required standard. A higher PLR (4.0 – 4.5 g/ml) than recommended for commercial MTA was found to be best for cement workability and material properties, including radiopacity

In vitro bioactivity and setting times of white portland cement combined with different radio pacifying agents

Commercial formulations based on 80:20 mixtures of Portland cement and bismuth oxide (a radiopacifying agent) are used in dentistry as root-filling materials. This study compares the impact of two alternative radiopacifiers, barium sulphate and zirconium oxide, with that of bismuth oxide, on the setting times and bioactivity of white Portland cement. The findings indicate that bismuth oxide prolongs both the initial and final setting times of the cement, and that barium sulphate and zirconium oxide have no effect on this parameter. Hydroxyapatite (HA) formed on the surfaces of all test samples within 7 days of exposure to simulated body fluid, indicating that they possess the potential to stimulate new hard tissue formation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the traditional technique for the identification of HA, was not appropriate for the analysis of these cement systems owing to the overlap of signals from each of the radiopacifiers with the characteristic P-O bending modes of HA in the 570 – 610 cm-1 region. In this respect, the P-O band at 965 cm-1 of HA in the Raman spectrum was found to be a suitable means of detection since it is discrete with respect to all signals arising from the radiopacifying agents and cement phases

Sexual activity and risk of HIV infection among patients with schizophrenia

This study sought to determine the frequency and types of sexual behavior among patients with schizophrenia and to assess the behavior with respect to risk of HIV infection. METHOD: Ninety-five inpatients and outpatients with a research diagnosis of schizophrenia underwent a series of face-to-face interviews to determine their sexual activity and correlate it with demographic characteristics, psychopathology, and medication side effects. RESULTS: Forty-four percent of the patients had been sexually active in the preceding 6 months, and 62% of these had had multiple partners. Sexual activity was associated with greater general psychopathology. Having multiple sexual partners was associated with younger age, a lower level of functioning, the presence of delusions, and more positive symptoms. Of the sexually active patients, 12% reported at least one partner who was HIV positive or injected drugs, or both, and 50% had exchanged sex for money or goods. Ten percent of the patients had engaged in homosexual activity in the preceding 6 months and 22% during their lifetime; the frequency was similar among men and women. Consistent condom use was uncommon. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of schizophrenic patients had recent histories of sexual abstinence, but an almost equal number were sexually active. Sexual activity was usually accompanied by behavior related to HIV risk. Sexual activity and having multiple partners were associated with certain measures of more severe illness. Younger patients were more likely to have multiple partners but were also more likely to use condoms. There is a need for aggressive prevention strategies with this population