How do organisms adapt to climate change? : chromosomal inversions in 'Drosophila subobscura': The case of Serbian populations

It is well known that chromosomal inversions in natural populations of the species Drosophila subobscura are adaptations to changes in the environment. It has been observed that inversions change in frequency over time and that they are so far following the pattern expected given the global warming of our planet. These results have been brought to light by our research on Serbian populations of D. subobscura. We found that inversion-related changes in chromosomal polymorphisms depended on the season of the year and in the long term (10-15 year periods) they followed what we would expect given global warming. Therefore, chromosomal inversions in this species are good indicators of climate change and can help us to study how organisms adapt to it

Adverse drug events in patients with dementia and neuropsychiatric/behavioral, and psychological symptoms, a one-year prospective study

Older people usually present with adverse drug events (ADEs) with nonspecific symptoms such as cognitive decline, recurrent falls, reduced mobility, and/or major deterioration. The aims of this study were to assess the ADEs of patients with dementia and presenting neuropsychiatric/behavioral, and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) and to categorize and identify the principal factors that allow to prevent ADEs, and separately ADEs that result in falls. To that end, a one-year prospective study in a psychogeriatric ward (July 2015 to July 2016) was performed. All patients admitted to this ward were eligible for enrolment. Patients who met any of the following criteria were excluded from the study: Patients without cognitive impairment, a length of stay under 7 days, and palliative or previous psychiatric pathology. We included 65 patients (60% women, 84.9 years ± 6.7) with mild to moderate cognitive impairment, moderate to severe functional dependence, and a high prevalence of geriatric syndromes and comorbidity. A total of 87.7% were taking five or more drugs (mean 9.0 ± 3.1). ADEs were identified during the interdisciplinary meeting and the follow up by clinical record. Sixty-eight ADEs (81.5% patients) were identified, of which 73.5% were not related to falls. From these, 80% were related to drugs of the nervous system. The Naranjo algorithm determined that 90% of ADEs were probable. The severity of the ADEs was Category E in 34 patients (68%). The number of preventable ADE according to the Schumork⁻Thornton test was 58%. The main ADE was drowsiness/somnolence (27.7%). ADEs related to falls represented a 26.5%. The balance between effective treatment and safety is complex in these patients. A medication review in interdisciplinary teams is an essential component to optimize safety prevention

Maria del Carmen

De cada obra s'ha digitalitzat un programa sencer. De la resta s'han digitalitzat les parts que són diferents.Empresa : Juan Mestres CalvetIntèrpret : Concepció Badia d'AgustíÒpera d'Enric Granado

Festival Beethoven per l'Orquestra del Gran Teatre del Liceu

De cada obra s'ha digitalitzat un programa sencer. De la resta s'han digitalitzat les parts que són diferents.Direcció artística Empresa Joan Mestres CalvetIntèrprets : Concepció Badia d'Agustí, Concepció Callao, Germann Brunning, Aníbal VelaOrquestra del Gran Teatre del Liceu dirigida per Clemens Kraus

Temporada de quaresma del 1936

De cada obra s'ha digitalitzat un programa sencer. De la resta s'han digitalitzat les parts que són diferents.Direcció artística Empresa Joan Mestres CalvetOrquestra del Gran Teatre del Liceu. Direcció: Hans Knappertsbusch; Igor Stravisnky, Joan Lamote de GrignonPrograma general de la temporada de quaresma de 1936 per l'Orquestra del Gran Teatre del Liceu. Repertori: primera simfonia de Beethoven; novena simfonia de Beethoven; preludi i mort de Tristany i Isolda de Wagner; preludi d'Els mestres cantaires de Richard Wagner; preludi i escenda del Divendres Sant de Parsifal Richard Wagner; Don Joan de Richard Strauss; Simfonia en si bemoll major de Johann Christian Bach; Oberon de Weber; Divertimento per a orquestra d' Igor Stravinsky; Capriccio per a orquestra i piano d'Igor Stravinsky; concerto a dos pianos d'Igor Stravinsky; Simfonia dels Salsm d'Igor Stravinsky; Apollon d'Igor Stravinsky; l'Ocell de foc d'Igor Stravinsky i Le sacre du Printemps d'Igor Stravinsky; Obertura de Francesc Pujol; Simfonieta d'Alexandre Zelimsky; Tres preludis de Ricard Lamote de Grignon; Le tombeau de Couperin de Maurice Ravel; Tres danses mallorquines de Baltasar Samper; Allegro simfònic d'Antoni Marquès i La nit de Nada de Joan Lamote de Grignon.Amb la col·laboració de l'Orfeó Gracienc que dirigeix Joan Ballcells i l'Orfeó L'Eco de Catalunya sota la direcció de Josep M. Comell

Consens d’escales i eines per a la valoració multidimensional de les persones a Catalunya

Model d'atenció integral; Valoració multidimensional; DiagnòsticModelo de atención integral; Valoración multidimensional; DiagnósticoComprehensive care model; Multidimensional valuation; DiagnosisActualment no existeix a Catalunya un consens sobre quin hauria de ser el mínim comú denominador d’escales i eines d’elecció per a la valoració de les diferents dimensions de les persones grans amb multimorbiditat, fragilitat, cronicitat complexa o avançada. Aquest escenari fa evident la necessitat de disposar d’escales i eines consensuades i compartides que facilitin l’aproximació multidimensional a aquestes persones de forma objectiva i pragmàtica, amb l’objectiu d'ajudar els professionals en aquest procés d’individualització de l’atenció. És per aquest motiu que, impulsat per la Direcció General de Planificació i Recerca en Salut i per l’oficina eSalut, s’ha promogut i desenvolupat aquest consens i es vol assegurar que la proposta pugui ser suportada en l’entorn digital

Rate of change for the thermal adapted inversions in Drosophila subobscura.

The changes of chromosomal inversion polymorphism composition of Drosophila subobscura in samples from Apatin (Serbia) were studied in a 24-years interval (1994-2018). The variation was significant for all autosomes and directional, increasing the inversions considered as 'warm', whereas those reported as 'cold' decreased. Furthermore, the Chromosomal Thermal Index (CTI), which allows studying the thermal adaptation of the whole karyotype increased significantly in that period of time. These results were in agreement with the indicators of global warming in Apatin: a trend to increase of the mean, maximum and minimum (this latter even significant) temperatures, and an erratic pattern of rainfall (also usual in global warming). The deviations from the Wright-Fisher model of genetic drift were used to consider the possible effect of migration or selection as evolutionary factors responsible for the change in inversion frequencies. To quantify approximately the rate of change in the frequencies, for each kind of inversions ('cold', 'warm' and 'non-thermal adapted'), the difference in frequency between the Apatin samples obtained in 1994 and 2018 was computed and then it was divided by the number of years elapsed. This rate was always higher (from twice as many as thirty times more depending on the autosome) for thermal adapted inversions ('cold' or 'warm') than the 'non-thermal' adapted. From this study, it could be concluded that the chromosomal inversions of D. subobscura could change (in composition and frequencies) in a predictable direction and a rather 'rapid' rhythm to adapt to the global warming scenario

Chromosomal Thermal Index: a comprehensive way to integrate the thermal adaptation of Drosophila subobscura whole karyotype

Drosophila has demonstrated to be an excellent model to study the adaptation of organisms to global warming, with inversion chromosomal polymorphism having a key role in this adaptation. Here, we introduce a new index (Chromosomal Thermal Index or CTI) to quantify the thermal adaptation of a population according to its composition of ‘warm’ and ‘cold’ adapted inversions. This index is intuitive, has good statistical properties and can be used to hypothesis on the effect of global warming on natural populations. We show the usefulness of CTI using data from European populations of D. subobscura, sampled in different years. Out of 15 comparisons over time, 9 showed significant increase of CTI, in accordance with global warming expectations. Although large regions of the genome outside inversions contain thermal adaptation genes, our results show that the total amount of ‘warm’ or ‘cold’ inversions in populations seems to be directly involved in thermal adaptation, whereas the interactions between the inversions content of homologous and non-homologous chromosomes are not relevant.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Short- and Long-Term Changes in Chromosomal Inversion Polymorphism and Global Warming: Drosophila Subobscura From the Balkans

The chromosomal inversion polymorphism of Drosophila subobscura is adaptive to environmental changes. The population of Petnica, Serbia, was chosen to analyze short- and long-term changes in this polymorphism. Short-term changes were studied in the samples collected in May, June, and August of 1995. The inversion polymorphism varied over these months, although various interpretations are possible. To analyze long-term changes, samples obtained in May 1995 and May 2010 were compared. The frequency of the "cold" adapted inversions (A(st), J(st), U-st, E-st, and O-st) decreased and that of the "warm" adapted inversions (A(2), J(1), U1+2, and O3+4) increased, from 1995 to 2010. These changes are consistent with the general increase in temperature recorded in Petnica for the same period. Finally, the possible response of chromosomal polymorphism to global warming was analyzed at the regional level (Balkan peninsula). This polymorphism depends on the ecological conditions of the populations, and the changes observed appear to be consistent with global warming expectations. Natural selection seems to be the main mechanism responsible for the evolution of this chromosomal polymorphism.Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia [173025]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Spain) [BFU2009-07564]; Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain) [2009 SGR 636