Estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos

Introduction: Epidemics can cause anxiety in the general population and health professionals. The pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus is no exception. This study’s objective is to identify symptoms of work-related stress, anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in physicians, as well as to discover their relation with the territorial body in which they work. Methodology: This is a cross-cutting study that explored the symptoms and perceptions of Colombian physicians forced to quarantine, who exercised their profession in March, 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Having provided informed consent anonymously and voluntarily, participants completed a virtual form with general questions on COVID-19. The survey was aimed at finding psychosomatic problems using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and Fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) scale. Participants were classified as working in non-capital or capital municipalities according to the territorial body in which they practiced. Logistic regression between the territorial body (which was taken as an independent variable here) and symptoms of anxiety, work-related stress and fear of COVID-19 (which, in this case, were taken as dependent variables) was performed. Results: Five hundred and thirty-one general physicians participated, with an average age of 30. Seventy-three point three percent practiced in a capital municipality. One third of the surveyed physicians presented mild work-related stress, while 6% presented high or severe work-related stress, without differences between groups (p < 0.05). Symptoms of anxiety were found in 72.9% of the surveyed physicians, more frequently among those who practiced in capitals (p = 0.044). Thirty-seven point one percent presented symptoms of fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S). No relation was observed in the logistic regression. Discussion: Psychosocial and psychosomatic factors associated with fear are the common denominators of symptoms of anxiety and work-related stress during pandemics. Conclusion: Seven of every ten participants presented symptoms of anxiety or work-related stress, while four presented symptoms of FCV-19S. No relation was observed with the municipalities in which they worked. Introducción. Las epidemias pueden generar angustia en la población general y en los profesionales de la salud, y la pandemia causada por el virus del COVID-19 no es la excepción. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la presencia de síntomas de estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales, además de estimar la asociación según el ente territorial donde trabajaban. Metodología. Este es un estudio transversal que exploró síntomas y percepciones durante la pandemia del COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos sometidos a cuarentena obligatoria que ejercieron su profesión en marzo del 2020. Previo consentimiento informado, anónima y voluntariamente, los participantes diligenciaron un formulario virtual con preguntas generales sobre COVID-19. El cuestionario buscaba encontrar problemas psicosomáticos sirviéndose de la Escala para el Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-7, por sus siglas en inglés) y el FCV-19S (Fear of COVID-19). Los participantes se clasificaron en Municipio no capital o Municipio capital según el ente territorial en donde laboraban. Regresión logística entre el ente territorial (que acá es tomada como variable independiente) con los síntomas de ansiedad, estrés laboral y miedo al COVID-19 (que en este caso es tomado como variable dependiente). Resultados: Participaron 531 médicos generales con edad promedio de 30 años. El 73.3% laboraban en Municipio capital. Un tercio de los encuestados presentó estrés laboral leve, mientras que el 6% presentó estrés laboral alto o severo, esto sin diferencias entre los grupos (p<0.05). Se identificaron síntomas de ansiedad en el 72.9%, más frecuente entre quienes laboraban en las capitales (p=0.044). El 37.1% presentó síntomas de miedo al COVID-19 (FCV-19S). No se observó asociación en la regresión logística realizada. Discusión: Factores psicosociales y psicosomáticos asociados al miedo son el común denominador de los síntomas de ansiedad y estrés laboral en las pandemias. Conclusión: Siete de cada diez participantes presentó síntomas de ansiedad o estrés laboral, mientras que cuatro presentaron síntomas de FCV-19S. No se observó asociación con la clasificación del municipio donde laboraban

Occupational stress, anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in colombian physicians

Introducción. Las epidemias pueden generar angustia en la población general y en los profesionales de la salud, y la pandemia causada por el virus del COVID-19 no es la excepción. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la presencia de síntomas de estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales, además de estimar la asociación según el ente territorial donde trabajaban. Metodología. Este es un estudio transversal que exploró síntomas y percepciones durante la pandemia del COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos sometidos a cuarentena obligatoria que ejercieron su profesión en marzo del 2020. Previo consentimiento informado, anónima y voluntariamente, los participantes diligenciaron un formulario virtual con preguntas generales sobre COVID-19. El cuestionario buscaba encontrar problemas psicosomáticos sirviéndose de la Escala para el Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-7, por sus siglas en inglés) y el FCV-19S (Fear of COVID-19). Los participantes se clasificaron en Municipio no capital o Municipio capital según el ente territorial en donde laboraban. Regresión logística entre el ente territorial (que acá es tomada como variable independiente) con los síntomas de ansiedad, estrés laboral y miedo al COVID-19 (que en este caso es tomado como variable dependiente). Resultados: Participaron 531 médicos generales con edad promedio de 30 años. El 73.3% laboraban en Municipio capital. Un tercio de los encuestados presentó estrés laboral leve, mientras que el 6% presentó estrés laboral alto o severo, esto sin diferencias entre los grupos (p<0.05). Se identificaron síntomas de ansiedad en el 72.9%, más frecuente entre quienes laboraban en las capitales (p=0.044). El 37.1% presentó síntomas de miedo al COVID-19 (FCV-19S). No se observó asociación en la regresión logística realizada. Discusión: Factores psicosociales y psicosomáticos asociados al miedo son el común denominador de los síntomas de ansiedad y estrés laboral en las pandemias. Conclusión: Siete de cada diez participantes presentó síntomas de ansiedad o estrés laboral, mientras que cuatro presentaron síntomas de FCV-19S. No se observó asociación con la clasificación del municipio donde laboraban.Introduction: Epidemics can cause anxiety in the general population and health professionals. The pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus is no exception. This study’s objective is to identify symptoms of work-related stress, anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in physicians, as well as to discover their relation with the territorial body in which they work. Methodology: This is a cross-cutting study that explored the symptoms and perceptions of Colombian physicians forced to quarantine, who exercised their profession in March, 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Having provided informed consent anonymously and voluntarily, participants completed a virtual form with general questions on COVID-19. The survey was aimed at finding psychosomatic problems using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and Fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) scale. Participants were classified as working in non-capital or capital municipalities according to the territorial body in which they practiced. Logistic regression between the territorial body (which was taken as an independent variable here) and symptoms of anxiety, work-related stress and fear of COVID-19 (which, in this case, were taken as dependent variables) was performed. Results: Five hundred and thirty-one general physicians participated, with an average age of 30. Seventy-three point three percent practiced in a capital municipality. One third of the surveyed physicians presented mild work-related stress, while 6% presented high or severe work-related stress, without differences between groups (p < 0.05). Symptoms of anxiety were found in 72.9% of the surveyed physicians, more frequently among those who practiced in capitals (p = 0.044). Thirty-seven point one percent presented symptoms of fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S). No relation was observed in the logistic regression. Discussion: Psychosocial and psychosomatic factors associated with fear are the common denominators of symptoms of anxiety and work-related stress during pandemics. Conclusion: Seven of every ten participants presented symptoms of anxiety or work-related stress, while four presented symptoms of FCV-19S. No relation was observed with the municipalities in which they worked

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Evaluación del rendimiento diagnóstico de la escala de Billewicz y la escala de Zulewski para identificar hipotiroidismo subclínico en mujeres posmenopáusicas de dos ciudades colombianas

El hipotiroidismo subclínico puede afectar a las mujeres posmenopáusicas y causarles complicaciones cuando no es detectado oportunamente. Las escalas de Billewicz y Zulewski son herramientas clínicas que se han elaborado como apoyo diagnóstico para este trastorno cuando los métodos de laboratorio no están disponibles. Estas escalas están validadas en población general, sin embargo, no se conoce información sobre la utilidad clínica de estas escalas en mujeres adultas posmenopáusicas colombianas. Objetivos: evaluar la capacidad diagnóstica de las escalas clínicas de Billewicz y Zulewski para la identificación de hipotiroidismo subclínico en mujeres posmenopáusicas colombianas. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado en mujeres posmenopáusicas de Cartagena y Medellín, Colombia. Se les aplicó un cuestionario que incluyó información sociodemográfica así como los ítems de las escalas de Billewicz y Zulewski, y posteriormente fueron sometidas a mediciones séricas de TSH y T4 Libre. Los puntajes dudosos de ambas escalas se analizaron tanto en la categoría de resultados normales, como en la de resultados anormales, con el fin de evaluar su rendimiento diagnóstico (sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos, cocientes de probabilidad y curva característica operativa del receptor [ROC]). Se consideró a las pruebas bioquímicas (TSH y T4 libre) como el estándar de referencia. Resultados: se incluyeron 303 mujeres. La mayoría estaban casadas y tenían entre 50-59 años de edad. La sensibilidad y especificidad de la escala de Billewicz para hipotiroidismo subclínico fue de 0% y 95%, respectivamente, mientras que la escala de Zulewski fue 23% sensible y 80% específica (considerando puntajes dudosos como eutiroideos). Al considerar dudosas como hipotiroideas, la sensibilidad de la escala de Billewicz y Zulewski fue de 53% y 69%, respectivamente; y la especificidad fue de 55% y 44%, respectivamente. Ambas escalas tuvieron una limitada capacidad discriminativa entre eutiroideas e hipotiroideas. Conclusiones: en nuestra muestra de mujeres posmenopáusicas de dos ciudades Colombianas, las escalas de Billewicz y Zulewski presentan limitaciones para discriminar entre la presencia o ausencia de hipotiroidismo subclínico. Por lo anterior, no se recomiendan para la toma de decisiones diagnosticas y/o terapeuticas en la práctica clínica diaria. Sin embargo, no se descarta su utilidad para disminuir el sobrediagnostico de esta enfermedad en mujeres de la comunidad, dada su alta especificidad. Se sugiere evaluar y confirmar estos hallazgos en estudios a futuro con diseños epidemiológicos mas robustos. A nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer estudio que evalua el rendimiento diagnóstico de estas escalas en población posmenopáusica colombiana.EspecializaciónEspecialista en Medicina intern

El miedo al COVID-19 y los médicos generales colombianos

Los médicos son profesionales del área de la salud adiestrados o capacitados generalmente para abordar estados infecciosos, adelantar el manejo de implicaciones biológicas y psicológicas relacionadas con la enfermedad y las situaciones referentes a la muerte, tanto en el contexto familiar como social. Podemos esperar entonces que estos profesionales cuenten con elementos personales y formativos, herramientas teóricas y prácticas, patrones y conceptualizaciones, para el correcto afrontamiento de los eventos psicosociales que puedan derivar de las epidemias

Descriptive and hedonic sensory perception of brazilian consumers for smoked bacon

The descriptive and hedonic sensory perception of bacon manufactured using different smoking processes was studied. Six bacon samples were evaluated: three manufactured with woods, two with liquid smokes, and a commercial bacon. Consumers rated their overall liking (OL) and responded the check-all-that-apply (CATA) questions coupled with ideal profile method (IPM).(1) The preliminary result showed that LS2 and Bamboo were the best-rated bacons. However, data analysis indicated two segments of consumers (both n = 50), with significant differences in the OL. The first segment liked fatty and smoked bacons, while the second valued the texture and appearance. The drivers of liking in both segments were the attributes related to texture, juiciness and the smoky aroma. The use of different woods in the bacon smoking process modified the descriptive and hedonic sensory perception of consumers1476069COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPnão tem2016/15012-2The authors are indebted to São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for financial support the project No 2016/15012-2. E. Saldaña received the support of the “Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - CONCYTEC” from Peru (CIENCIACTIVA programme, PhD scholarship contract agreement No. 104-2016-FONDECYT). J. Rios-Mera is thankful to “Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior” (CAPES) for the PhD scholarship. The authors would like to thank the reviewers, whose constructive comments have allowed us to improve this pape

Descriptive analysis of bacon smoked with brazilian woods from reforestation: methodological aspects, statistical analysis, and study of sensory characteristics

The aim of this study was to perform a descriptive analysis (DA) of bacons smoked with woods from reforestation and liquid smokes in order to investigate their sensory profile. Six samples of bacon were selected: three smoked bacons with different wood species (Eucalyptus citriodora, Acacia mearnsii, and Bambusa vulgaris), two artificially smoked bacon samples (liquid smoke) and one negative control (unsmoked bacon). Additionally, a commercial bacon sample was also evaluated. DA was developed successfully, presenting a good performance in terms of discrimination, consensus and repeatability. The study revealed that the smoking process modified the sensory profile by intensifying the “saltiness” and differentiating the unsmoked from the smoked samples. The results from the current research represent the first methodological development of descriptive analysis of bacon and may be used by food companies and other stakeholders to understand the changes in sensory characteristics of bacon due to traditional smoking process1404450FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2016/15012-

Relationship between volatile compounds and consumer-based sensory characteristics of bacon smoked with different brazilian woods

Bacon is a product made from pork meat that is subjected to curing, drying, and smoking. Researchers aim to associate the worldwide high-acceptance of such a product with the sensory and chemical properties of bacon. In this context, the objective of the present study was to characterize bacon samples smoked with different woods from reforestation using chemical and sensory methodologies, which were subsequently correlated by means of statistical multi-block analysis. Volatile compounds (VCs) of the smoked bacons were studied using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the consumer sensory perception was explored by the Napping technique. VCs were identified in smoked samples, which triggered sensory attributes related to odor, flavor, and texture, such as "smoky flavor", "salty taste", "pleasant taste", "woodsy flavor", and "hard texture". Multi-block analysis showed that the sensory attributes were associated with a group of VCs and not by a single compound119839849FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2016/15012-2The authors are grateful to the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Brazil) for funding the project No. 2016/15012-2. Erick Saldaña received the support of the “Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - CONCYTEC” from Peru, in the framework of the CIENCIACTIVA programme, through the award of a PhD scholarship under contract agreement No. 104-2016-FONDECY

Basic considerations on growth hormone deficiency in traumatic brain injury

Growth hormone is responsible for stimulating the growth and differentiation of cells of various tissues and cell types contribute to protein synthesis and the mobilization of fatty acids. At the nervous system level, it stimulates the regeneration of neurons, astrocytes, endothelial cells, oligodendrocytes, and even neuronal myelination. Traumatic brain injuries can alter the secretion of this hormone, due to the deformation of brain tissue and the alteration of neurometabolism by the subsequent ischemia. Knowing the basic aspects of pituitary disorders in this type of patient allows early identification and management to avoid complication

Didactical and education in the context of the administrative knowledge of the administration programs the formation of the administrator

Este artículo busca relacionar los conceptos de educación y didáctica con el concepto de formación. La pregunta que hoy tenemos que hacernos en el contexto de la universidad es: ¿La universidad actual está formando? Frente a tantas preocupaciones que tiene hoy la universidad el problema es que ya no se reflexiona en el acto pedagógico, sino en cómo mostrar resultados cuantificables y posicionarse como marca, lo que ha hecho que las instituciones ingresan a la lógica mercantil. En este texto se busca vincular la educación con la didáctica y sus relaciones con el saber administrativo y los programas de Administración, advirtiendo que las otras dimensiones, la pedagogía y la enseñanza, no se tendrán en cuenta de manera explícita en el estudio. Se presentan, además, algunas reflexiones de los autores consultados sobre nuevas posibilidades de aprendizaje-enseñanza/educación-didáctica de la Administración, a partir de un enfoque nuevo y más coherente con el objeto de estudio de la misma: las organizaciones.This article wants to relate the concepts of education and didactics with the formation concept. The question that we have to ask ourselves in the university context is, Is the current university really forming? Before the many worries that the university faces nowadays, the problem is that we do not reflect any more on the pedagogical action as much as on how to show quantitative results and to make it position itself as a brand, As a result of that fact, the institutions have entered into the mercantile logic. This text seeks to link education and didactics and their relationship with the administrative knowledge and administration programs, clarifying that other dimensions such as the pedagogy and teaching, also will be covered in the study since it is only possible to distinguish them but do not separate them. Some reflections about the consulted authors will be presented as well. They will be about the learning-teaching education–didactics in the administration, beginning with a new focus and it will be more coherent with the object of its study: The organizations