Liderazgo y autoeficacia en el comportamiento organizacional positivo

El objetivo que tiene este proyecto es revisar los conceptos básicos acerca de las relaciones que crean los líderes con sus colaboradores dentro de las organizaciones, dichas relaciones y vínculos pueden afectar positiva o negativamente el desempeño de sus actividades diarias dentro de una organización. Para darle inicio a la investigación se estudió como primer paso el concepto de liderazgo transformacional, capital psicológico y que componentes hacían parte de este factor. El desarrollo de la investigación se enfatizó entre el liderazgo transformacional y la autoeficacia ya que son factores claves dentro del desarrollo de las actividades organizacionales debido a que afectan claramente el capital humano de las compañías y están directamente relacionados con el crecimiento de las mismas, lo que nos llevó a preguntarnos ¿qué relación tendrá el liderazgo transformacional y la autoeficacia en la productividad de las empresas? Es aquí donde radica la importancia de esta investigación ya que el cambio de pensamiento de las organizaciones hacia un liderazgo transformacional podría lograr una maximización del desempeño del personal de trabajo en relación al objetivo de la compañía. Como conclusión llegamos a que efectivamente hay un efecto positivo en los individuos que desarrollan un capital psicológico específicamente en el factor de autoeficacia para lograr un desempeño destacable, productivo y eficiente dentro de las organizaciones.The goal of this project is review the basics about creating relationships with partners’ leaders within organizations, such relationships and links can positively or negatively affect the performance of their daily activities within an organization. We began our research studying the concept of transformational leadership, psychological capital and which components were part of this factor. The development of our investigation was emphasized between transformational leadership and self-efficacy as they are key factors in the development of organizational activities because they clearly affect the human capital of companies and are directly related to the growth of the same, which He led us to wonder what relationship will transformational leadership and self-efficacy in productivity of businesses? It is here where the importance of this research since the change of thinking of organizations towards transformational leadership could achieve maximizing staff performance work in relation to the objective of the company. Upon reaching conclusion that there is indeed a positive effect on equity specifically individuals develop a psychological factor in achieving a remarkable self-efficacy, productive and efficient performance within organizations

Topical application of TGF-β-activating peptide, KRFK, prevents inflammatory manifestations in the TSP-1-deficient mouse model of chronic ocular inflammation

Producción CientíficaChronic inflammation of the ocular surface poses a risk of vision impairment. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the inflammatory response is critical to identify novel molecular targets. Recently, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) has emerged as a key player in ocular surface homeostasis that efficiently activates the TGF-β2 isoform that is predominantly expressed in the ocular mucosa. Here, the potential of the peptide derived from TSP-1 (KRFK), that can activate TGF-β, is proposed as a potentially applicable therapeutic for chronic ocular surface inflammatory disorders. Our in vitro results confirm that the chosen peptide activates TGF-β, reducing the expression of co-stimulatory molecules on dendritic cells, driving them towards a tolerogenic phenotype. For the in vivo studies, the TSP-1−/− mouse is used as a pre-clinical model of chronic ocular inflammation. We observe that the topical application of KRFK alters the peripheral balance of effectors by reducing the proportion of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells while increasing Treg cell proportion in cervical lymph nodes. In line with these findings, the development of chronic ocular surface inflammation is significantly prevented in KRFK-treated TSP-1−/− mice, as assessed by clinical parameters and inflammatory cytokine expression in conjunctival and lacrimal gland tissues. Together, our results identify the KRFK peptide as a novel therapeutic option to prevent the development of chronic inflammatory manifestations of the ocular surface.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (FEDER-CICYT grant MAT2013-47501-C02-1-R)Massachusetts Lions Eye Research Fund (MLERF, S.M.) and NEI grant EY015472 (S.M.)Junta de Castilla y León - Fondo Social Europeo (project VA098-12

Conjunctival Inflammation in Thrombospondin-1 Deficient Mouse Model of Sjögren’s Syndrome

Lacrimal gland inflammation during autoimmune Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) leads to ocular surface inflammation – Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). This condition afflicts both the cornea and conjunctiva that form the ocular surface. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) deficiency in mice results in lacrimal gland and corneal inflammation that resembles the human disease. In this study we report conjunctival pathology in this mouse model of SS. We found that TSP-1 null mice develop inflammation in the conjunctiva and associated loss of goblet cell function similar to that seen in patients with SS. Increased expression of Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α) and Th17 (IL-6, IL-17A) inflammatory cytokines and related transcription factors (Tbet and RORγt) were detected in TSP-1 null conjunctiva as well as their draining lymph nodes (LNs). The conjunctival inflammation was also accompanied by an increase in local lymphatic vessels. Interestingly, migration of antigen-bearing dendritic cells (DCs) from the ocular surface to the LNs was dependent on the TSP-1 available in the tissue. These results not only reveal potential immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying KCS in SS but also highlight the therapeutic potential of TSP-1

Adaptive Filtered-x Algorithms for Room Equalization Based on Block-Based Combination Schemes

(c) 2016 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.[EN] Room equalization has become essential for sound reproduction systems to provide the listener with the desired acoustical sensation. Recently, adaptive filters have been proposed as an effective tool in the core of these systems. In this context, this paper introduces different novel schemes based on the combination of adaptive filters idea: a versatile and flexible approach that permits obtaining adaptive schemes combining the capabilities of several independent adaptive filters. In this way, we have investigated the advantages of a scheme called combination of block-based adaptive filters which allows a blockwise combination splitting the adaptive filters into nonoverlapping blocks. This idea was previously applied to the plant identification problem, but has to be properly modified to obtain a suitable behavior in the equalization application. Moreover, we propose a scheme with the aim of further improving the equalization performance using the a priori knowledge of the energy distribution of the optimal inverse filter, where the block filters are chosen to fit with the coefficients energy distribution. Furthermore, the biased block-based filter is also introduced as a particular case of the combination scheme, especially suited for low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) or sparse scenarios. Although the combined schemes can be employed with any kind of adaptive filter, we employ the filtered-x improved proportionate normalized least mean square algorithm as basis of the proposed algorithms, allowing to introduce a novel combination scheme based on partitioned block schemes where different blocks of the adaptive filter use different parameter settings. Several experiments are included to evaluate the proposed algorithms in terms of convergence speed and steady-state behavior for different degrees of sparseness and SNRs.The work of L. A. Azpicueta-Ruiz was supported in part by the Comtmidad de Madrid through CASI-CAM-CM under Grant S2013/ICE-2845, in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through DAMA under Grant TIN2015-70308-REDT, and Grant TEC2014-52289-R, and in part by the European Union. The work of L. Fuster, M. Ferrer, and M. de Diego was supported in part by EU together with the Spanish Government under Grant TEC2015-67387-C4-1-R (MINECO/FEDER), and in part by the Cieneralitat Valenciana under Grant PROMETEOII/2014/003. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Simon Dodo.Fuster Criado, L.; Diego Antón, MD.; Azpicueta-Ruiz, LA.; Ferrer Contreras, M. (2016). Adaptive Filtered-x Algorithms for Room Equalization Based on Block-Based Combination Schemes. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing. 24(10):1732-1745. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASLP.2016.2583065S17321745241

Constitutional mutability : analysis of the “fast track” in the understanding of 1991 constitution’s rigidness

Para la presente ocasión hemos decidido realizar un análisis de la exequibilidad del Acto Legislativo requerido para la implementación del Acuerdo de Paz, ya que éste confirma la maleabilidad contemporánea del derecho constitucional, retomando la discusión mayormente política sobre el alcance del principio de rigidez que plantearon, entre otros, Carl Schmitt (por primera vez en 1928), Karl Loewenstein (en 1965) y James Bryce (en 1962). No es ajena la decisión a los ánimos políticos actuales ni a los que han permeado al derecho político a lo largo de su historia, por lo que más allá de sintetizar la sentencia, se estudia en el contexto jurídico-académico en el que esta subsiste. Sin duda alguna, el conflicto armado en Colombia ha permeado el ordenamiento jurídico nacional. Y en este sentido las herramientas legales concebidas para su fin, también lo harán. Por ello, para de analizar el primer macro-cambio que supone la finalización del conflicto, el escrito: i) Presenta una introducción sobre el estado de la cuestión en materia política y jurídica, respondiendo a la pregunta ¿Qué se está debatiendo?; ii) realiza una detallada ficha jurisprudencial con el fin de sintetizar la decisión y iii) estudia las implicaciones de la misma en el panorama legal colombiano. Y finalmente termina realizando algunas conclusiones, más sintetizadoras que propositivas en cuanto a la posición de la Corte Constitucional y el marco legal para la paz.In this occasion, we’ve decided to carry out an analysis of the feasibility of the Legislative Act required for the implementation of the Colombian Peace Agreements. This, because the decision confirms the contemporary malleability of Constitutional Law, and retakes—the mostly political discussion—towards the Constitution’s rigidness principle introduced by Carl Schmitt, Karl Lowenstein, and James Bryce, among others, introduced. The decision that has been faced is related to the current political situation in Colombia. This is the main reason why beyond synthesizing the decision of the Constitutional Court, this paper seeks to study the legal-academic context in which it subsists. The armed conflict in Colombia has permeated the national legal system. We have been obliged to create legal tools to handle it and now we’re forced to introduce new ones in order to end it. To analyze the first macro-change in the end of the conflict, this paper: i) Presents an introduction on the political and legal state of affairs; ii) answers the question: What is being discussed? iii) And studies the implications of the discussion in the Colombian legal landscape. It ends by making some synthesizing conclusions, in terms of the position of the Constitutional Court and the legal framework for peace

El incremento de la delincuencia e inseguridad a raíz de la migración de ciudadanos venezolanos en la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar

Colombia ha sido el país que mayor número de migrantes venezolanos ha recibido en el mundo, se registra en los últimos 5 años aproximadamente acerca de 100.000 ciudadanos de Venezuela a 1.7 millones a finales de 2020 y, para el 2021 Migración Colombia indica que la cifra incremento aproximadamente a 2 millones de personas. Respecto de la capital la alcaldía asegura que la población migratoria venezolana hospedaba a 337.594 venezolanos, dicha migración ha generado aumento considerable en la creación de organizaciones criminales con fines delincuenciales de origen común como lo son (homicidio, hurtos, crímenes contra la propiedad). En cuando al incremento mencionado, se pretende verificar en la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar en cuanto a la participación real de esa población en la comisión del delito, estadísticas de las páginas del gobierno y demás fuentes formales que permita encaminar el desarrollo de esta investigación.Universidad Libre -- Facultad de Derecho -- Especializacion en Derecho Penal y CriminologiaColombia has been the country that has received the largest number of Venezuelan migrants in the world, registering in the last 5 years approximately 100,000 citizens of Venezuela to 1.7 million at the end of 2020 and, by 2021 Migration Colombia indicates that the figure will increase approximately 2 million people. Regarding the capital, the mayor's office assures that the Venezuelan migratory population housed 337,594 Venezuelans, said migration has generated a considerable increase in the creation of criminal organizations with criminal purposes of common origin such as (homicide, theft, crimes against property). Regarding the aforementioned increase, it is intended to verify in the town of Ciudad Bolívar in terms of the real participation of that population in the commission of the crime, statistics from the government pages and other formal sources that allow directing the development of this investigation

El incremento de la delincuencia e inseguridad a raíz de la migración de ciudadanos venezolanos en la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar.

Colombia ha sido el país que mayor número de migrantes venezolanos ha recibido en el mundo, se registra en los últimos 5 años aproximadamente acerca de 100.000 ciudadanos de Venezuela a 1.7 millones a finales de 2020 y, para el 2021 Migración Colombia indica que la cifra incremento aproximadamente a 2 millones de personas. Respecto de la capital la alcaldía asegura que la población migratoria venezolana hospedaba a 337.594 venezolanos, dicha migración ha generado aumento considerable en la creación de organizaciones criminales con fines delincuenciales de origen común como lo son (homicidio, hurtos, crímenes contra la propiedad) En cuando al incremento mencionado, se pretende verificar en la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar en cuanto a la participación real de esa población en la comisión del delito, estadísticas de las páginas del gobierno y demás fuentes formales que permita encaminar el desarrollo de esta investigación.Universidad Libre, Facultad de Derecho, Especialización en Derecho Penal y Criminología

Una isla de matemáticas

En este artículo explicamos el proyecto que nuestro grupo de trabajo “Matemáticas Recreativas” bajo el amparo del Departamento de Matemáticas del IES Padre José Miravent ha llevado a cabo en la localidad onubense de Isla Cristina. El objetivo principal del proyecto ha sido el acercar las matemáticas a nuestros alumnos/as a través de la investigación y de la diversión que pueden encontrar en los juegos, la fotografía y en la resolución de problemas. Y por supuesto, el hacerles ver que pueden encontrar matemáticas en sitios inimaginables y que tan sólo para descubrirlas deben mirar con los ojos adecuados

Hepatitis C virus infection in blood donors from the state of Puebla, Mexico

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Worldwide, 130 million persons are estimated to be infected with HCV. Puebla is the Mexican state with the highest mortality due to hepatic cirrhosis. Therefore, it is imperative to obtain epidemiological data on HCV infection in asymptomatic people of this region. The objective of present study was to analyze the prevalence of antibodies and genotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in blood donors from Puebla, Mexico.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall prevalence was 0.84% (515/61553). Distribution by region was: North, 0.86% (54/6270); Southeast, 1.04% (75/7197); Southwest, 0.93% (36/3852); and Central, 0.79% (350/44234). Ninety-six donors were enrolled for detection and genotyping of virus, from which 37 (38.5%) were HCV-RNA positive. Detected subtypes were: 1a (40.5%), 1b (27.0%), mixed 1a/1b (18.9%), undetermined genotype 1 (5.4%), 2a (2.7%), 2b (2.7%), and mixed 1a/2a (2.7%). All recovered donors with S/CO > 39 were HCV-RNA positive (11/11) and presented elevated ALT; in donors with S/CO < 39 HCV-RNA, positivity was of 30.4%; and 70% had normal values of ALT. The main risk factors associated with HCV infection were blood transfusion and surgery.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>HCV prevalence of donors in Puebla is similar to other Mexican states. The most prevalent genotype is 1, of which subtype 1a is the most frequent.</p

Big data in the Mexico City brand in the context of audience fragmentation

El artículo analiza comportamiento coyuntural en el ámbito mundial, ante el esfuerzo mediático del destino turístico por los mercados dispersos. El Internet ha influenciado la comunicación e impulsando las nuevas tecnologías, las cuales han avanzado vertiginosamente en los primeros tres lustros del siglo XXI, esto ha impactado a las diversas actividades económicas, entre las que destaca el turismo. En consecuencia, el consumidor, ha dejado de tener un papel receptivo, para ser un decisor del material mediático que consume, además de contar con la oportunidad de ser también un proveedor de información. La Ciudad de México (CDMX), como segmento de turismo, no es la excepción, la misma depende de la comunicación de actores públicos y privados, los cuales, aunque poseen determinadas metodologías y herramientas para acceder a sus públicos, se encuentran con una audiencia que decide sobre lo que recibe y opina en la web, con ello, el objetivo de la investigación es referente a la valoración de los conceptos asociados, páginas y organismos relacionados con el turismo de la CDMX en la web entre la audiencia nacional e internacional, originado tanto por los esfuerzos de gobierno y empresarios, como de la audiencia que también ya es una proveedora de información. Asimismo, a través de la investigación se busca conocer a los países con el mayor interés en el turismo de la Ciudad de México, ya que ello puede resultar de gran importancia para direccionar las estrategias mercadológicas. La metodología empleada para la exploración del fenómeno es de tipo documental y cuantitativa, ya que en una primera etapa incluye el análisis documental y posteriormente hace la exploración matemática a través del empleo del análisis de redes (ARS) para valorar el papel del Big data y Smart Data en la marca CDMX ante la fragmentación de audiencias.The article analyzes economic behavior throughout the world in response to the media effort of tourist destinations in dispersed markets. The Internet has influenced communication and boosted new technologies, which have advanced dramatically in the first three decades of the twenty-first century. This has had an impact on the various economic activities, among which tourism is particularly salient. Consequently, consumers no longer have a receptive role. They have become decision makers with respect to the media material that they consume in addition to having the opportunity of being information providers. Mexico City (CDMX), as a tourism segment, is no exception. It depends on the communication of public and private actors, who, while having certain methodologies and tools to access their audiences, interact with an audience that decides on what it receives and gives its opinion on the web. Therefore, the objective of the research is to assess the associated concepts, pages and organizations related to tourism in CDMX on the website aimed at both a domestic and international audience, designed by the government and private sector together with the input of the audience as an information provider. Likewise, the study seeks to determine the countries with the greatest interest in Mexico City as a tourist destination, since this can be highly important for directing the marketing strategies. The methodology used to explore the phenomenon takes a documentary and quantitative form, since in a first stage it includes the documentary analysis and subsequently makes the mathematical exploration through the use of network analysis (ARS) to assess the role of Big data and Smart Data in the CDMX brand before the fragmentation of audiences