The six challenges of the Semantic Web

The Semantic Web has attracted a diverse, but significant, community of researchers, institutes and companies, all sharing the belief that one day the Semantic Web will have as big an impact on life as currently the WWW/Internet has. We share that vision, based on the ever-increasing need to reduce information overload, and to increase task delegation to software agents. However, there is still a long way to go before the Semantic Web dream comes true. In this paper, we identify some of the major challenges the community faces in the coming years, and we outline solution directions. The major challenges concern: (i) the availability of content, (ii) ontology availability, development and evolution, (iii) scalability, (iv) multilinguality, (v) visualization to reduce information overload, and (vi) stability of Semantic Web languages. We will also say some words on the economic impact of the Semantic Web

Combination of DROOL rules and Protégé knowledge bases in the ONTO-H annotation tool

ONTO-H is a semi-automatic collaborative tool for the semantic annotation of documents, built as a Protégé 3.0 tab plug-in. Among its multiple functionalities aimed at easing the document annotation process, ONTO-H uses a rule-based system to create cascading annotations out from a single drag and drop operation from a part of a document into an already existing concept or instance of the domain ontology being used for annotation. It also gives support to the detection of name conflicts and instance duplications in the creation of the annotations. The rule system runs on top of the open source rule engine DROOLS and is connected to the domain ontology used for annotation by means of an ad-hoc programmed Java proxy

SW @ SPAIN

Executive Summary: This report provides information about the current state of the art in Semantic Web research in Spain. The contents of this report are mainly based on the information that was gathered during the workshop "Ontologías y Web Semántica 2005", which was held in Santiago de Compostela in November 2005, and the contributions that members from most of the research groups working in Semantic-Webrelated areas in Spain have provided. The field of Semantic Web is quite widespread in Spain, with important groups developing methods, techniques and tools to support different areas: Ontological Engineering, semantic extraction and annotation from heterogeneous sources, semantic search engines, personalisation and Semantic Web Services

Six challenges for the Semantic Web

The Semantic Web has attracted a diverse, but significant, community of researchers, institutes and companies, all sharing the belief that one day it will have as big an impact on life as currently the WWW/Internet has We share that vision, based on the ever-increaseing need to reduce information overload, and to increase task delegation to software agents However, there is still a long way to go before the Semantic Web dream comes true. We identify some of the major challenges the community faces in the coming years, and we outline solution directions. The major challenges concern: (i) the avalilability of content, (ii) ontology availability, development and evolution, (iii) scalability, (iv) multilinguality, (v)visualization to reduce information overload, an (vi) stability of Semantic Web language

A Semiconducting Bi2O2(C4O4) Coordination Polymer Showing a Photoelectric Response

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Inorganic Chemistry, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03290.[EN] Inorganic semiconductors are extensively considered to be among the most promising materials to convert solar light into electricity or chemical energy owing to their efficiency in the separation of photoinduced electron/hole. Bismuth oxides, and, in particular, those built up of [Bi2O2](2+) layers, show an efficient charge separation and, thus, high photocatalytic activities. To explore a possible synergetic effect of bismuth metallic nodes combined with the electron-rich linker squarate, Bi2O2(C4O4) or IEF-3 (an IMDEA Energy framework) was hydrothermally prepared and adequately characterized. As determined from the X-ray structure, [Bi2O2](2+) layers are interconnected by squarate ligands, having a pronounced effect of the 6s(2) lone pair on the bismuth local environment. IEF-3 shows high thermal and chemical robustness at industrially relevant model aggressive media. A large panel of physicochemical methods were applied to recognize IEF-3 as an UV-absorbing n-type semiconductor, showing a photocurrent response comparable to that of alpha-Bi2O3, offering further possibilities for tuning its electrochemical properties by modifying the ligand. In this way, the well-known compositional and structural versatility of coordination polymers may be applied in the future to fine-tune metal-organic semiconductor systems.The authors acknowledge Ra-Phuel (Grant ENE2016-79608-C2-1-R), Ramon y Cajal Grant RYC-2014-15039 (Ministerio de Ciencia, Investigacion y Universidades), and Fundacion Ramon Areces (H + MOFs) for financial support. S.N. is thankful for financial support by the Fundacion Ramon Areces (XVIII Concurso Nacional para la Adjudicacion de Ayudas a la Investigacion en Ciencias de la Vida y de la Materia, 2016), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades project (Project RTI2018-099482-A-I00), and Generalitat Valenciana grupos de investigacion consolidables 2019 (ref: AICO/2019/214) project. H.G. is thankful for financial support by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Severo Ochoa SEV2016 and RTI2018-890237-CO2-1), and Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo 2017/083) is also gratefully acknowledged.Babaryk, AA.; Contreras Almengor, OR.; Cabrero-Antonino, M.; Navalón Oltra, S.; García Gómez, H.; Horcajada, P. (2020). A Semiconducting Bi2O2(C4O4) Coordination Polymer Showing a Photoelectric Response. Inorganic Chemistry. 59(6):3406-3416. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03290S34063416596Lund, H. (2007). Renewable energy strategies for sustainable development. 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A Bismuth-Based Metal-Organic Framework as an Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalyst. Chemistry - A European Journal, 21(6), 2364-2367. doi:10.1002/chem.201405047Wang, G., Liu, Y., Huang, B., Qin, X., Zhang, X., & Dai, Y. (2015). A novel metal–organic framework based on bismuth and trimesic acid: synthesis, structure and properties. Dalton Transactions, 44(37), 16238-16241. doi:10.1039/c5dt03111gWang, Y., Takki, S., Cheung, O., Xu, H., Wan, W., Öhrström, L., & Inge, A. K. (2017). Elucidation of the elusive structure and formula of the active pharmaceutical ingredient bismuth subgallate by continuous rotation electron diffraction. Chemical Communications, 53(52), 7018-7021. doi:10.1039/c7cc03180gKöppen, M., Dhakshinamoorthy, A., Inge, A. K., Cheung, O., Ångström, J., Mayer, P., & Stock, N. (2018). Synthesis, Transformation, Catalysis, and Gas Sorption Investigations on the Bismuth Metal-Organic Framework CAU-17. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2018(30), 3496-3503. doi:10.1002/ejic.201800321Gándara, F., Gómez-Lor, B., Iglesias, M., Snejko, N., Gutiérrez-Puebla, E., & Monge, A. (2009). A new scandium metal organic framework built up from octadecasil zeolitic cages as heterogeneous catalyst. Chemical Communications, (17), 2393. doi:10.1039/b900841aGoswami, S., Adhikary, A., Jena, H. S., Biswas, S., & Konar, S. (2013). A 3D Iron(II)-Based MOF with Squashed Cuboctahedral Nanoscopic Cages Showing Spin-Canted Long-Range Antiferromagnetic Ordering. Inorganic Chemistry, 52(20), 12064-12069. doi:10.1021/ic401886fUsov, P. M., Keene, T. D., & D’Alessandro, D. M. (2013). A Comparative Study of the Structural, Optical, and Electrochemical Properties of Squarate-Based Coordination Frameworks. Australian Journal of Chemistry, 66(4), 429. doi:10.1071/ch12474Liu, Z., Lin, K., Ren, Y., Kato, K., Cao, Y., Deng, J., … Xing, X. (2019). 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A Robust Squarate-Based Metal–Organic Framework Demonstrates Record-High Affinity and Selectivity for Xenon over Krypton. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 141(23), 9358-9364. doi:10.1021/jacs.9b03422Wang, Ke, Feng, Ho, Chang, Chuang, & Lee. (2019). Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Ligand-Enhanced Photo-Induced Color-Changing Behavior of Two Hydrogen-Bonded Ho(III)-Squarate Supramolecular Compounds. Polymers, 11(8), 1369. doi:10.3390/polym11081369Boultif, A., & Louër, D. (2004). Powder pattern indexing with the dichotomy method. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 37(5), 724-731. doi:10.1107/s0021889804014876De Wolff, P. M. (1968). A simplified criterion for the reliability of a powder pattern indexing. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 1(2), 108-113. doi:10.1107/s002188986800508xAltomare, A., Cuocci, C., Giacovazzo, C., Moliterni, A., Rizzi, R., Corriero, N., & Falcicchio, A. (2013). EXPO2013: a kit of tools for phasing crystal structures from powder data. 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Optimized norm-conserving Vanderbilt pseudopotentials. Physical Review B, 88(8). doi:10.1103/physrevb.88.085117Hinuma, Y., Pizzi, G., Kumagai, Y., Oba, F., & Tanaka, I. (2017). Band structure diagram paths based on crystallography. Computational Materials Science, 128, 140-184. doi:10.1016/j.commatsci.2016.10.015Becke, A. D., & Johnson, E. R. (2006). A simple effective potential for exchange. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 124(22), 221101. doi:10.1063/1.2213970Tran, F., & Blaha, P. (2009). Accurate Band Gaps of Semiconductors and Insulators with a Semilocal Exchange-Correlation Potential. Physical Review Letters, 102(22). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.226401Christensen, A. N., Jensen, T. R., Scarlett, N. V. Y., Madsen, I. C., Hanson, J. C., & Altomare, A. (2003). In-situ X-ray powder diffraction studies of hydrothermal and thermal decomposition reactions of basic bismuth(iii) nitrates in the temperature range 20–650 °C. Dalton Trans., (16), 3278-3282. doi:10.1039/b303926aSuzuki, H., Kunioku, H., Higashi, M., Tomita, O., Kato, D., Kageyama, H., & Abe, R. (2018). Lead Bismuth Oxyhalides PbBiO2X (X = Cl, Br) as Visible-Light-Responsive Photocatalysts for Water Oxidation: Role of Lone-Pair Electrons in Valence Band Engineering. Chemistry of Materials, 30(17), 5862-5869. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01385Wu, X., Li, M., Li, J., Zhang, G., & Yin, S. (2017). A sillenite-type Bi12MnO20 photocatalyst: UV, visible and infrared lights responsive photocatalytic properties induced by the hybridization of Mn 3d and O 2p orbitals. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 219, 132-141. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.07.025Millet, P., Sabadié, L., Galy, J., & Trombe, J. . (2003). Hydrothermal synthesis and structure of the first tin(II) squarate Sn2O(C4O4)(H2O)—comparison with Sn2[Sn2O2F4]. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 173(1), 49-53. doi:10.1016/s0022-4596(03)00078-1Bataille, T., Bouhali, A., Kouvatas, C., Trifa, C., Audebrand, N., & Boudaren, C. (2019). Hydrates and polymorphs of lead squarate Pb(C4O4): Structural transformations studied by in situ X-ray powder diffraction and solid state NMR. Polyhedron, 164, 123-131. doi:10.1016/j.poly.2019.02.047Kroumova, E., Aroyo, M. I., Perez-Mato, J. M., Kirov, A., Capillas, C., Ivantchev, S., & Wondratschek, H. (2003). Bilbao Crystallographic Server : Useful Databases and Tools for Phase-Transition Studies. Phase Transitions, 76(1-2), 155-170. doi:10.1080/0141159031000076110Junqueira, G. M. A., Rocha, W. R., De Almeida, W. B., & Dos Santos, H. F. (2002). Theoretical analysis of the oxocarbons: The solvent and counter-ion effects on the structure and spectroscopic properties of the squarate ion. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 5(3), 437-445. doi:10.1039/b209740kCao, J., Xu, B., Lin, H., Luo, B., & Chen, S. (2012). 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A Semantic Portal for the International Affairs Sector

The Royal Institute Elcano(dagger) (Real Instituto Elcano) in Spain is a prestigious independent political institute whose mission is to comment on the political situation in the world focusing on its relation to Spain. As part of its dissemination strategy it operates a public website. The online content can be accessed by navigating through categories or by a keyword-based, full text search engine. The work described in this paper aims at improving access to the content. We describe an approach, tools and techniques that allow building a semantic portal, where access is based on the meaning of concepts and relations of the International Affairs domain. The approach comprises an automatic ontology-based annotator, a semantic search engine with a natural language inter-face, a web publication tool allowing semantic navigation, and a 3D visualization component. The semantic portal is currently being tested by the Institute

A Novel Porous Ti-Squarate as Efficient Photocatalyst in the Overall Water Splitting Reaction under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation

[EN] A new porous titanium(IV) squarate metal¿organic framework (MOF), denoted as IEF-11, having a never reported titanium secondary building unit, is successfully synthesized and fully characterized. IEF-11 not only exhibits a permanent porosity but also an outstanding chemical stability. Further, as a consequence of combining the photoactive Ti(IV) and the electroactive squarate, IEF-11 presents relevant optoelectronic properties, applied here to the photocatalytic overall water splitting reaction. Remarkably, IEF-11 as a photocatalyst is able to produce record H2 amounts for MOF-based materials under simulated sunlight (up to 672 µmol gcatalyst in 22 h) without any activity loss during at least 10 d.P.S.-A. and A.A.B. contributed equally to this work. The authors acknowledge the Ramón Areces Foundation project H+MOFs, the M-ERA-NET C-MOF-cell (grant PCI2020-111998 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union NextGenerationEU/ PRTR) project, and Retos Investigación MOFSEIDON (grant PID2019-104228RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) project. S.N. thanks financial support by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovatión y Universidades RTI2018-099482-A-I00 project and Agència Valenciana de la Innovació (AVI, INNEST/2020/111) project. H.G. thanks financial support to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Severo Ochoa and RTI2018-098237-CO21) and Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo2017/083). T.W. acknowledges financial support from the Swedish Research Council (VR, 2019-05465). Parts of this research were carried out at ¿CRISTAL¿ at SOLEIL. P.S. and A.A.B. sincerely thank to the project CALIPSOplus under the Grant Agreement 730872 from the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020 for the support of the synchrotron experiment.Salcedo-Abraira, P.; Babaryk, AA.; Montero-Lanzuela, E.; Contreras Almengor, OR.; Cabrero-Antonino, M.; Svensson, E.; Willhammar, T.... (2021). A Novel Porous Ti-Squarate as Efficient Photocatalyst in the Overall Water Splitting Reaction under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation. Advanced Materials. 33(52):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20210662719335

Position Dependent Mass Oscillators and Coherent States

The solving of the Schrodinger equation for a position-dependent mass quantum system is studied in two ways. First, it is found the interaction which must be applied on a mass m(x) in order to supply it with a particular spectrum of energies. Second, given a specific potential V(x) acting on the mass m(x), the related spectrum is found. The method of solution is applied to a wide class of position-dependent mass oscillators and the corresponding coherent states are constructed. The analytical expressions of such position-dependent mass coherent states preserve the functional structure of the Glauber states.Comment: 24 pages, 2 tables, 8 figure

First wave of COVID-19 in Venezuela:Epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical characteristics of first cases

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has particularly affected countries with weakened health services in Latin America, where proper patient management could be a critical step to address the epidemic. In this study, we aimed to characterize and identify which epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical risk factors defined COVID-19 infection from the first confirmed cases through the first epidemic wave in Venezuela. A retrospective analysis of consecutive suspected cases of COVID-19 admitted to a sentinel hospital was carried out, including 576 patient cases subsequently confirmed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Of these, 162 (28.1%) patients met the definition criteria for severe/critical disease, and 414 (71.2%) were classified as mild/moderate disease. The mean age was 47 (SD 16) years, the majority of which were men (59.5%), and the most frequent comorbidity was arterial hypertension (23.3%). The most common symptoms included fever (88.7%), headache (65.6%), and dry cough (63.9%). Severe/critical disease affected mostly older males with low schooling (p < 0.001). Similarly, higher levels of glycemia, urea, aminotransferases, total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were observed in severe/critical disease patients compared to those with mild/moderate disease. Overall mortality was 7.6% (44/576), with 41.7% (28/68) dying in hospital. We identified risk factors related to COVID-19 infection, which could help healthcare providers take appropriate measures and prevent severe clinical outcomes. Our results suggest that the mortality registered by this disease in Venezuela during the first epidemic wave was underestimated. An increase in fatalities is expected to occur in the coming months unless measures that are more effective are implemented to mitigate the epidemic while the vaccination process is ongoing