16,305 research outputs found
Propagation of Economic Shocks in Input-Output Networks: A Cross-Country Analysis
This paper investigates how economic shocks propagate and amplify through the
input-output network connecting industrial sectors in developed economies. We
study alternative models of diffusion on networks and we calibrate them using
input-output data on real-world inter-sectoral dependencies for several
European countries before the Great Depression. We show that the impact of
economic shocks strongly depends on the nature of the shock and country size.
Shocks that impact on final demand without changing production and the
technological relationships between sectors have on average a large but very
homogeneous impact on the economy. Conversely, when shocks change also the
magnitudes of input-output across-sector interdependencies (and possibly sector
production), the economy is subject to predominantly large but more
heterogeneous avalanche sizes. In this case, we also find that: (i) the more a
sector is globally central in the country network, the largest its impact; (ii)
the largest European countries, such as those constituting the core of the
European Union's economy, typically experience the largest avalanches,
signaling their intrinsic higher vulnerability to economic shocks.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figures, supplemental material sectio
Bouncing solutions from generalized EoS
We present an exact analytical bouncing solution for a closed universe filled
with only one exotic fluid with negative pressure, obeying a Generalized
Equations of State (GEoS) of the form , where
, and are constants. In our solution and
and is kept as a free parameter. For particular values of
the initial conditions, we obtain that our solution obeys Null Energy Condition
(NEC), which allows us to reinterpret the matter source as that of a real
scalar field, , with a positive kinetic energy and a potential .
We compute numerically the scalar field as a function of time as well as its
potential , and find an analytical function for the potential that
fits very accurately with the numerical results obtained. The shape of this
potential can be well described by a Gaussian-type of function, and hence,
there is no spontaneous symmetry minimum of . We further show that the
bouncing scenario is structurally stable under small variations of the
parameter , such that a family of bouncing solutions can be find
numerically, in a small vicinity of the value .Comment: 12 pages, 12 figure
Electrokinetic and hydrodynamic properties of charged-particles systems: From small electrolyte ions to large colloids
Dynamic processes in dispersions of charged spherical particles are of
importance both in fundamental science, and in technical and bio-medical
applications. There exists a large variety of charged-particles systems,
ranging from nanometer-sized electrolyte ions to micron-sized charge-stabilized
colloids. We review recent advances in theoretical methods for the calculation
of linear transport coefficients in concentrated particulate systems, with the
focus on hydrodynamic interactions and electrokinetic effects. Considered
transport properties are the dispersion viscosity, self- and collective
diffusion coefficients, sedimentation coefficients, and electrophoretic
mobilities and conductivities of ionic particle species in an external electric
field. Advances by our group are also discussed, including a novel
mode-coupling-theory method for conduction-diffusion and viscoelastic
properties of strong electrolyte solutions. Furthermore, results are presented
for dispersions of solvent-permeable particles, and particles with non-zero
hydrodynamic surface slip. The concentration-dependent swelling of ionic
microgels is discussed, as well as a far-reaching dynamic scaling behavior
relating colloidal long- to short-time dynamics
Mass dependence of vector meson photoproduction off protons and nuclei within the energy-dependent hot-spot model
We study the photoproduction of vector mesons off proton and off nuclear
targets. We work within the colour dipole model in an approach that includes
subnucleon degrees of freedom, so-called hot spots, whose positions in the
impact-parameter plane change event-by-event. The key feature of our model is
that the number of hot spots depends on the energy of the photon--target
interaction. Predictions are presented for exclusive and dissociative
production of , , and off protons, as
well as for coherent and incoherent photoproduction of off nuclear
targets, where Xe, Au, and Pb nuclei are considered. We find that the mass
dependence of dissociative production off protons as a function of the energy
of the interaction provides a further handle to search for saturation effects
at HERA, the LHC and future colliders. We also find that the coherent
photonuclear production of is sensitive to fluctuations in the
subnucleon degrees of freedom at RHIC and LHC energies.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures. Typo in legend of figs. 1 and 2 correcte
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