21 research outputs found

    Supplemental Materials: Novel Isotypic g/z-Subunits Reveal Three Coatomer Complexes in Mammals

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    Fig. A 1 shows a Western blot analyzing the specificity of the antibodies against g- and z-isotypes. These antibodies were probed in different mammalian species (Fig. A 2). Coatomer was labeled with [35S]-methionine for different time periods, and the incorporation of [35S]-methionine as well as the corresponding stoichiometries of the coatomer subunits are shown in Fig. A 3. Characterization of anti-coatomer antibody 883 is depicted in Fig. A 4

    Melanocortin-4 receptor gene: case-control study and transmission disequilibrium test confirm that functionally relevant mutations are compatible with a major gene effect for extreme obesity

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    We initially performed a mutation screen of the coding region of the MC4R in 808 extremely obese children and adolescents and 327 underweight or normal-weight controls allowing for a case-control study. A total of 16 different missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations were found in the obese study group; five of these have not been observed previously. In vitro assays revealed that nine [the haplotype (Y35X; D37V) was counted as one mutation] of the 16 mutations led to impaired cAMP responses, compared with wild-type receptor constructs. In contrast, only one novel missense mutation was detected in the controls, which did not alter receptor function. The association test based on functionally relevant mutations was positive (P = 0.006, Fisher's exact test, one-sided). We proceeded by screening a total of 1040 parents of 520 of the aforementioned obese young index patients to perform transmission disequilibrium tests. The 11 parental carriers of functionally relevant mutations transmitted the mutation in 81.8% (P = 0.033; exact one-sided McNemar test). These results support the hypothesis that these MC4R mutations represent major gene effects for obesity

    Novel Isotypic γ/ζ Subunits Reveal Three Coatomer Complexes in Mammals

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    In early secretory transport, coat recruitment for the formation of coat protein I (COPI) vesicles involves binding to donor Golgi membranes of the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 and subsequent attachment of the cytoplasmic heptameric complex coatomer. Various hypotheses exist as to the precise role of and possible routes taken by COPI vesicles in the mammalian cell. Here we report the ubiquitous expression of two novel isotypes of coatomer subunits γ- and ζ-COP that are incorporated into coatomer, and show that three isotypes exist of the complex defined by the subunit combinations γ1/ζ1, γ1/ζ2, and γ2/ζ1. In a liver cytosol, these forms make up the total coatomer in a ratio of about 2:1:2, respectively. The coatomer isotypes are located differentially within the early secretory pathway, and the γ2/ζ1 isotype is preferentially incorporated into COPI vesicles. A population of COPI vesicles was characterized that almost exclusively contains γ2/ζ1 coatomer. This existence of three structurally different forms of coatomer will need to be considered in future models of COPI-mediated transport

    MLL-ENL Inhibits Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 to Achieve Efficient Transformation of Hematopoietic Cells

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    Stimulation of transcriptional elongation is a key activity of leukemogenic MLL fusion proteins. Here, we provide evidence that MLL-ENL also inhibits Polycomb-mediated silencing as a prerequisite for efficient transformation. Biochemical studies identified ENL as a scaffold that contacted the elongation machinery as well as the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) component CBX8. These interactions were mutually exclusive in vitro, corresponding to an antagonistic behavior of MLL-ENL and CBX8 in vivo. CBX8 inhibited elongation in a specific reporter assay, and this effect was neutralized by direct association with ENL. Correspondingly, CBX8-binding-defective MLL-ENL could not fully activate gene loci necessary for transformation. Finally, we demonstrate dimerization of MLL-ENL as a neomorphic activity that may augment Polycomb inhibition and transformation

    ZUR ROLLE DER HOCHSCHULEN - Positionspapier der Landesinitiative NFDI und Expertengruppe FDM der Digitalen Hochschule NRW zum Aufbau einer Nationalen Forschungsdateninfrastruktur

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    Curdt C, Grasse M, Hess V, et al. ZUR ROLLE DER HOCHSCHULEN - Positionspapier der Landesinitiative NFDI und Expertengruppe FDM der Digitalen Hochschule NRW zum Aufbau einer Nationalen Forschungsdateninfrastruktur. Landesinitiative fĂŒr Forschungsdatenmanagement - fdm.nrw; 2018.Das Positionspapier der Landesinitaitve NFDI und der Expertengruppe FDM der Digitalen Hochschule NRW beschreibt m&ouml;gliche Szenarien und Herausforderungen einer notwendigen Beteiligung von Hochschulen beim Aufbau einer Nationalen Forschungsdateninfrastruktur (NFDI) und m&ouml;chte damit zu einer weitergehenden Auseinandersetzung mit der Rolle der Hochschulen in diesem Prozess anregen. In Vorbereitung auf die geplante NFDI vernetzt die Landesinitiative NFDI Akteure und Organisationen im Bereich Forschungsdatenmanagement in NRW, tr&auml;gt zur Etablierung und Anerkennung von FDM in den wissenschaftlichen Communities bei und begleitet als zentrale Anlaufstelle f&uuml;r Hochschulen den Wandel hin zu einer neuen Datenkultur.</p

    LowEx-Konzepte fĂŒr die WĂ€rmeversorgung von Mehrfamilien-BestandsgebĂ€uden ("LowEx-Bestand Analyse")

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    Der vorliegende Abschlussbericht fasst die Ergebnisse der wissenschaftlichen Querspange »LowEx-Bestand Analyse« des thematischen Projektverbunds »LowEx-Konzepte fĂŒr die WĂ€rmeversorgung von Mehrfamilien-BestandsgebĂ€uden (LowEx-Bestand)« zusammen. In diesem Verbund arbeiteten drei Forschungsinstitute mit Herstellern von Heizungs- und LĂŒftungstechnik und mit Unternehmen der Wohnungswirtschaft zusammen. Gemeinsam wurden Lösungen entwickelt, analysiert und demonstriert, die den effizienten Einsatz von WĂ€rmepumpen, WĂ€rmeĂŒbergabesystemen und LĂŒftungssystemen bei der energetischen Modernisierung von MehrfamiliengebĂ€uden zum Ziel haben. LowEx-Systeme arbeiten durch geringe Temperaturdifferenzen zwischen Heizmedium und NutzwĂ€rmebesonders effizient. WĂ€rmepumpen haben dabei erhebliches Potenzial zur Absenkung der spezifischen CO2-Emissionen bei der WĂ€rmebereitstellung. FĂŒr die energetische Modernisierung von MehrfamiliengebĂ€uden ist der Einsatz solcher Systeme mit besonderen Herausforderungen und Anforderungen an die Übergabe der RaumwĂ€rme, die Warmwasserbereitung und die Nutzung von UmweltwĂ€rme verbunden. Diese Herausforderungen werden in LowEx-Bestand adressiert
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