Polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor interferes with TFEB to elicit autophagy defects in SBMA.

Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a key pathway in neurodegeneration. Despite protective actions, autophagy may contribute to neuron demise when dysregulated. Here we consider X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), a repeat disorder caused by polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor (polyQ-AR). We found that polyQ-AR reduced long-term protein turnover and impaired autophagic flux in motor neuron-like cells. Ultrastructural analysis of SBMA mice revealed a block in autophagy pathway progression. We examined the transcriptional regulation of autophagy and observed a functionally significant physical interaction between transcription factor EB (TFEB) and AR. Normal AR promoted, but polyQ-AR interfered with, TFEB transactivation. To evaluate physiological relevance, we reprogrammed patient fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells and then to neuronal precursor cells (NPCs). We compared multiple SBMA NPC lines and documented the metabolic and autophagic flux defects that could be rescued by TFEB. Our results indicate that polyQ-AR diminishes TFEB function to impair autophagy and promote SBMA pathogenesis

La responsabilidad social universitaria desde el paradigma de la psicología comunitaria

29 p.Esta ponencia pretende plantear una propuesta de vinculación de dos campos del conocimiento, que hemos vivenciado de manera cercana, al analizar los fundamentos y propuestas que presenta cada uno. Estas reflexiones han acompañado nuestra participación, en representación de la Universidad Católica de Colombia, en el Observatorio de responsabilidad social universitaria (RSU).Ponencia presentada en el VII Coloquio Interno de Profesores en la Universidad Católica de Colombia.Ayala Rodríguez, N., Del Portillo Obando, M. C. & Neira R., M. V. (2013). La responsabilidad social universitaria desde el paradigma de la psicología comunitaria. En: W. F. Puentes González, A. Rojas Claros, A. Aldana Piñeros, E. Cruz Espejo, E. J. Garzón P., L. K. Hurtado Morales ... F. Barrero Rivera. Responsabilidad social y universidad (pp. 103-131). Bogotá: Universidad Católica de Colombia. Departamento de Humanidades

Una aproximación a la discusión sobre culturas y organizaciones juveniles

El presente artículo es un balance de la discusión que sobre lajuventud se ha realizado desde la perspectiva de las culturas juveniles, así comoun rastreo de las investigaciones que han enfatizado en los procesos organizativosjuveniles. Para ello se abordaran los enfoques teóricos y metodológicosprivilegiados en dichas investigaciones, así como algunos desafíos y perspectivasde la investigación en este campo

Descripción de los parámetros fonético-acústico y autopercepción vocal de telefonistas en la región Metropolitana de Chile

Tesis (Fonoaudiología)Los callcenters son un espacio laboral que se ha desarrollado ampliamente en el presente siglo y con ello el rubro de los telefonistas se encuentra en aumento. Sin embargo, la rapidez con que éstos se han instaurado dentro de nuestra sociedad, no ha permitido una valoración adecuada de las posibles consecuencias que tiene el uso de la voz durante las horas que comprende una jornada laboral. El presente estudio, consistió en describir y establecer una relación de los parámetros fonético-acústicos (frecuencia fundamental, Jitter, Shimmer y relación ruido/armónico) y autopercepción vocal en telefonistas de la Región Metropolitana de Chile, utilizando los instrumentos Multidimensional Voice Program (MDVP) e Índice de Incapacidad Vocal (VHI). La muestra de este estudio estuvo compuesta por 56 sujetos, de los cuales 14 eran hombres y las 42 restantes, mujeres, que se desempeñan al año 2013 como telefonistas dentro de uno de los cuatro callcenters seleccionados y que pertenecen a la Región Metropolitana de Chile. En cuanto a los resultados del MDVP, se pudo evidenciar que la utilización de esta herramienta fue eficiente en la entrega de los resultados. Respecto de las diferencias encontradas entre el MDVP y VHI como instrumentos de evaluación simultáneos, se demuestran que todavía ningún parámetro objetivo puede considerarse como factor pronóstico definitivo en la evaluación de los pacientes y que las sensaciones acerca de su problema vocal no pueden valorarse mediante medidas objetivas.Se evidencia la alteración vocal objetiva presente en el 41 % de la muestra y se observa una tendencia a presentar primordialmente solo un parámetro alterado, siendo principalmente Jitter o FO, lo que se registra en un 30% aproximadamente. Respecto a la autopercepción vocal, se obtuvo que el 89% de ellos distinguen una alteración leve en su voz y tan solo un 10% alude a un daño moderado. No se evidenció correlación significativa entre los parámetros fonéticoacústicos y la autopercepción vocal de los telefonistas de la Región Metropolitana.The callcenters are a working place with a significant development during the present century and with it, the function of the telephone operators is growing. However, the fast introduction of them into our society, hasn't allow a proper appreciation of the impact that have the use of the voice during the hours of a working day. The present study consist in the description and stablish a relationship between the phonetic-acoustic parameters (fundamental frequency, Jitter, Shimmer and the relationship noise/harmonic) and the vocal self-perception on telephone operators of Chile's RegiónMetropolitana, using the Multidimensional Voice Program (MDVP) and the Vocal Handicap lndex (VHI) instruments. The sampling of this study was composed by 56 subjects, of which 14 were men and the 42 remaining were women, who work at the year 2013 as telephone operators inside tour selected callcenters of Chile's RegiónMetropolitana. As soon as the results of the MDVP, it was evidenced that the utilization of this tool was efficient at the results development. Respect the differences found between the MDVP and the VHI as evaluation instruments, evidence that no objective parameter can be considerad as an optimal prognostic factor on the patient evaluations and their feelings about own vocal problems can't be assessed by objective measures. Is Evidenced the objective vocal disturbance present in the 41 % of the sample and is observad a tendency to present primarily only one altered parameter, being mainly Jitter or FO, which is registered by a 30%, approximately. Respect the vocal self perception, was obtained that the 89% of them distinguishes a slight alteration on their voice and only the 10% a moderated harm. lt not was evidenced a significativa correlation between the phonetic-acoustic parameters and the vocal self-perception of telephone operators of the RegiónMetropolitana

The role of plant-crab interaction in structuring microphytobenthic communities in a shallow temperate estuary

Microphytobenthos can be defined as the assemblage of microscopic, photosynthetic eukaryotic microalgae and cyanobacteria that live on sediment surfaces in salt marshes, submerged aquatic vegetation beds, intertidal sand and mudflats, and subtidal, illuminated sediments (MacIntyre et al., 1996; Miller et al., 1996). These microorganisms produce macroscopically recognizable microbial mats dominated by cyanobacteria and biofilms of epipelic diatoms, these structures are the result of sediment trapping, binding and precipitation by the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by the microorganisms (de Winder et al., 1999).Fil: Fernandez, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Dirección General de Cultura y Educación. Universidad Provincial del Sudoeste; ArgentinaFil: Da Rodda, Constanza. Municipalidad de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Gauna, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: Croce, Maria Emilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Parodi, Elisa Rosalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentin

Restricción del crecimiento intrauterino como factor de riesgo para malformaciones congénitas

Indexación: ScieloAntecedentes: La restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) se estima que está presente en el 5% de los nacimientos y es la manifestación de procesos aberrantes que impiden el desarrollo normal del feto. Objetivos: Estimar la frecuencia de esta patología en la maternidad del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Obtener la tasa prevalencia al nacimiento de malformaciones congénitas (MFC) y comparar la frecuencia en recién nacidos pequeños (PEG) con los adecuados (AEG) y grandes (GEG) para la edad gestacional. Método: Se estudian todos los nacimientos, vivos y mortinatos, ocurridos entre enero de 1997 a diciembre de 2008, contenidos en la base de datos del ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas) desde 1969 a la fecha. Se excluyen los recién nacidos con malformaciones como hidrocefalia, anencefalia e hidrops, que por sus características dificultan la posibilidad de clasificación en PEG, AEG o GEG. Resultados: 10,1% de los nacimientos del período eran PEG. Entre los nacidos vivos 10% fueron PEG, mientras que 33,5% de los mortinatos eran PEG (p<0,05). Eran malformados el 12,9% de los PEG, 8,5% de los AEG y 9,3% de los GEG (p<0,05). La tasa global de malformaciones fue de 9,5%; en NV el 9,4% y en mortinatos el 33%. Conclusión: El RCIU es un factor que aumenta el riesgo de mortalidad fetal tardía y de presentar malformaciones congénitas.Background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is the result of anomalies that prevent the normal development of the fetus, it is present in about the 5% of births. Objectives: To estímate the frequency of FGR in the Clini-cal Hospital of the University of Chile. To estímate the congenital malformation prevalence rate at birth and compare it among small (SGE), adequate (AGE) and large (LGE) newborns according their gestational age. Methods: All live births and stillbirths included in the ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas) registered from January 1997 and December 2008 were considered. Newborns with congenital malformations that modified per se the size of the child, like hydrocephaly anencephaly and hydrops were excluded. Results: 10.1% of newborns were SGE. Among live births 10% were SGE instead of the 33.5% found in stillbirths (p<0.05). Congenital malformation rate at birth was 12.9% in SGE, 8.5% in AGE and 9.3% in LGE newborns (p<0.05). The global congenital malformation prevalence rate at birth was 9.5%; 9.4% in live newborns and 33% in stillbirth. Conclusión: The FGR increase the risk of late fetal mortality and congenital anomalies.http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-75262009000600008&nrm=is

A morte não velada no Norte grande de Andrés Sabella e Hijo del Salitre de Volodia Teitelboim

This article is an analysis of the subject of Death in the novels Norte Grande by Andres Sabella, and Volodia Teitelboim’s Hijo del Salitre. We will highlight three dimensions of death: the space, the subject and the utopia. In the first, we highlight two main areas of death: the pampa and the city. In the pampa, the death was due to poor working conditions and adversities of nature, but avoidable. While in the city, death was a systematic rationalization for workers’ submission. In the second dimension, the subject, the pampino, who lives with the death every day, highlighting both men and women, like two workers: one exploited at the mine and the other carried on behind the doors. So, both will be partners, not only in exploitation and death, but also in social and political struggle. Finally, in the dimension of utopia, death is inserted within a social and political struggle against the employer and the State, a struggle that transcends space and time spent.El presente artículo propone una reflexión al tema de la muerte, presente en las novelas Norte Grande, de Andrés Sabella, e Hijo del Salitre de Volodia Teitelboim. Se destacan tres dimensiones de la muerte como objetivo de análisis: el espacio, el sujeto y la utopía. En la primera, resaltamos dos grandes espacios de muerte: la pampa y la ciudad. En la pampa, la muerte ocurre debido a las malas condiciones laborales y a las adversidades de la naturaleza, pero evitable. Mientras que en la ciudad la muerte era una racionalización sistemática para someter al obrero. En la segunda dimensión, el sujeto, se resalta al sujeto pampino, quien convive con la muerte día a día, destacándose a hombres y mujeres, ambos obreros: uno explotado en la faena y la otra explotada tras las puertas, por lo que, ambos serán compañeros, no sólo de explotación y muerte, sino también de lucha social y política. Por último, en la dimensión de la utopía, la muerte se inserta dentro de una lucha social y política contra el patrón y el Estado, lucha que trasciende el espacio y el tiempo vivido.Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o tema da morte, presente nos romances Norte Grande, de Andrés Sabella e Hijo del Salitre de Volodia Teitelboim. Três dimensões da morte destacam-se como objetivo da análise: espaço, sujeito e utopia. No primeiro, destacamos dois grandes espaços de morte: as pampas e a cidade. Na pampa, a morte ocorre devido às más condições de trabalho e às adversidades da natureza, mas evitáveis. Enquanto na cidade, a morte era uma racionalização sistemática para subjugar o trabalhador. Na segunda dimensão, destaca-se o sujeito pampino, que convive com a morte dia a dia, destacando homens e mulheres, ambos trabalhadores: um explorado no trabalho e outro explorado atrás das portas, portanto, ambos serão parceiros, não apenas da exploração e da morte, mas também da luta social e política. Finalmente, na dimensão da utopia, a morte se insere em uma luta social e política contra o patrono e o Estado, uma luta que transcende o espaço e o tempo vividos

Lithospheric density structure of the Southern Central Andes constrained by 3D data-integrative gravity modelling

The southern Central Andes (SCA) (between 27° S and 40° S) is bordered to the west by the convergent margin between the continental South American Plate and the oceanic Nazca Plate. The subduction angle along this margin is variable, as is the deformation of the upper plate. Between 33° S and 35° S, the subduction angle of the Nazca plate increases from subhorizontal (< 5°) in the north to relatively steep (~ 30°) in the south. The SCA contain inherited lithological and structural heterogeneities within the crust that have been reactivated and overprinted since the onset of subduction and associated Cenozoic deformation within the Andean orogen. The distribution of the deformation within the SCA has often been attributed to the variations in the subduction angle and the reactivation of these inherited heterogeneities. However, the possible influence that the thickness and composition of the continental crust have had on both short-term and long-term deformation of the SCA is yet to be thoroughly investigated. For our investigations, we have derived density distributions and thicknesses for various layers that make up the lithosphere and evaluated their relationships with tectonic events that occurred over the history of the Andean orogeny and, in particular, investigated the short- and long-term nature of the present-day deformation processes. We established a 3D model of lithosphere beneath the orogen and its foreland (29° S?39° S) that is consistent with currently available geological and geophysical data, including the gravity data. The modelled crustal configuration and density distribution reveal spatial relationships with different tectonic domains: the crystalline crust in the orogen (the magmatic arc and the main orogenic wedge) is thicker (~ 55 km) and less dense (~ 2900 kg/m3) than in the forearc (~ 35 km, ~ 2975 kg/m3) and foreland (~ 30 km, ~ 3000 kg/m3). Crustal thickening in the orogen probably occurred as a result of stacking of lowdensity domains, while density and thickness variations beneath the forearc and foreland most likely reflect differences in the tectonic evolution of each area following crustal accretion. No clear spatial relationship exists between the density distributio within the lithosphere and previously proposed boundaries of crustal terranes accreted during the early Paleozoic. Areas with ongoing deformation show a spatial correlation with those areas that have the highest topographic gradients and where there are abrupt changes in the average crustal-density contrast. This suggests that the short-term deformation within the interior of the Andean orogen and its foreland is fundamentally influenced by the crustal composition and the relativethickness of different crustal layers. A thicker, denser, and potentially stronger lithosphere beneath the northern part of the SCA foreland is interpreted to have favoured a strong coupling between the Nazca and South American plates, facilitating the development of a sub-horizontal slab.Fil: Rodriguez Piceda, Constanza. German Research Centre for Geosciences; Alemania. Universitat Potsdam; AlemaniaFil: Scheck Wenderoth, Magdalena. German Research Centre for Geosciences; Alemania. RWTH Aachen University; AlemaniaFil: Gómez Dacal, María Laura. German Research Centre for Geosciences; Alemania. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Bott, Judith. German Research Centre for Geosciences; AlemaniaFil: Prezzi, Claudia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Strecker, Manfred R.. German Research Centre for Geosciences; Alemania. Universitat Potsdam; Alemani

A population of gut epithelial enterochromaffin cells is mechanosensitive and requires Piezo2 to convert force into serotonin release

Enterochromaffin (EC) cells constitute the largest population of intestinal epithelial enteroendocrine (EE) cells. EC cells are proposed to be specialized mechanosensory cells that release serotonin in response to epithelial forces, and thereby regulate intestinal fluid secretion. However, it is unknown whether EE and EC cells are directly mechanosensitive, and if so, what the molecular mechanism of their mechanosensitivity is. Consequently, the role of EE and EC cells in gastrointestinal mechanobiology is unclear. Piezo2 mechanosensitive ion channels are important for some specialized epithelial mechanosensors, and they are expressed in mouse and human EC cells. Here, we use EC and EE cell lineage tracing in multiple mouse models to show that Piezo2 is expressed in a subset of murine EE and EC cells, and it is distributed near serotonin vesicles by superresolution microscopy. Mechanical stimulation of a subset of isolated EE cells leads to a rapid inward ionic current, which is diminished by Piezo2 knockdown and channel inhibitors. In these mechanosensitive EE cells force leads to Piezo2-dependent intracellular Ca(2+) increase in isolated cells as well as in EE cells within intestinal organoids, and Piezo2-dependent mechanosensitive serotonin release in EC cells. Conditional knockout of intestinal epithelial Piezo2 results in a significant decrease in mechanically stimulated epithelial secretion. This study shows that a subset of primary EE and EC cells is mechanosensitive, uncovers Piezo2 as their primary mechanotransducer, defines the molecular mechanism of their mechanotransduction and mechanosensitive serotonin release, and establishes the role of epithelial Piezo2 mechanosensitive ion channels in regulation of intestinal physiology