Conductas y actitudes hacia la alimentación medidas a través del EDI-2 y el consumo de sustancias

En este artículo se analizan las relaciones entre las conductas y actitudes hacia la alimentación y el uso de sustancias psicoactivas. Se administraron el EDI-2 y un cuestionario de consumo de sustancias a una muestra representativa y aleatoria de 1. 181 estudiantes de ambos sexos de secundaria en un diseño transversal. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el consumo de sustancias entre grupos extremos definidos en función de las puntuaciones de todas las subescalas del EDI-2, sobre todo en Bulimia, Conciencia Introceptiva, Insatisfacción Corporal, Miedo a la Madurez e Impulsividad. Aparecen perfiles claramente diferentes según el género. Se discuten los resultados a la luz de las distintas teorfas propuestas para explicar la relación entre ambos tipos de comportamientos.The· relafion between eatlng behaviours and attitudes and psychoactive substances use are analyzed. The EDI-2 and a substance consumption questionnaire were administered to a random and representative sample of 1,181 male and female secondary students in a cross-sectional designo Significant differences in drug consumption between extreme groups defined according to all EDI-2 subscales scores were found, especially in Bulimia, Interoceptive Awareness, Body Dissatisfaction, Maturity Fear and Impulse Regulation. Clearly different profiles appear according to gender. The results are discussed in the light of the different theories proposed fo explain the relation between both kinds of behaviours

Players Indifferent to Cooperate and Characterizations of the Shapley Value

n this paper we provide new axiomatizations of the Shapley value for TU-games using axioms that are based on relational aspects in the interactions among players. Some of these relational aspects, in particular the economic or social interest of each player in cooperating with each other, can be found embedded in the characteristic function. We define a particular relation among the players that it is based on mutual indifference. The first new axiom expresses that the payoffs of two players who are not indifferent to each other are affected in the same way if they become enemies and do not cooperate with each other anymore. The second new axiom expresses that the payoff of a player is not affected if players to whom it is indifferent leave the game. We show that the Shapley value is characterized by these two axioms together with the well-known efficiency axiom. Further, we show that another axiomatization of the Shapley value is obtained if we replace t he second axiom and efficiency by the axiom which applies the efficiency condition to every class of indifferent players. Finally, we extend the previous results to the case of weighted Shapley values

Marginality and the position value

We present a new characterization of the position value, one of the most prominent allocation rules for communication situations (graph-games or games with restricted communication). This characterization includes the PL-marginality property, an extension for communications situations of the classic marginality for TU-games, as well as component efficiency and balanced link contributions for necessary players

Transcriptional and translational adaptation to aerobic nitrate anabolism in the denitrifier Paracoccus denitrificans

Transcriptional adaptation to nitrate-dependent anabolism by Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 was studied. A total of 74 genes were induced in cells grown with nitrate as N-source compared with ammonium, including nasTSABGHC and ntrBC genes. The nasT and nasS genes were cotranscribed, although nasT was more strongly induced by nitrate than nasS. The nasABGHC genes constituted a transcriptional unit, which is preceded by a non-coding region containing hairpin structures involved in transcription termination. The nasTS and nasABGHC transcripts were detected at similar levels with nitrate or glutamate as N-source, but nasABGHC transcript was undetectable in ammonium-grown cells. The nitrite reductase NasG subunit was detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in cytoplasmic fractions from nitrate-grown cells, but it was not observed when either ammonium or glutamate was used as the N-source. The nasT mutant lacked both nasABGHC transcript and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dependent nitrate reductase activity. On the contrary, the nasS mutant showed similar levels of the nasABGHC transcript to the wild-type strain and displayed NasG protein and NADH–nitrate reductase activity with all N-sources tested, except with ammonium. Ammonium repression of nasABGHC was dependent on the Ntr system. The ntrBC and ntrYX genes were expressed at low levels regardless of the nitrogen source supporting growth. Mutational analysis of the ntrBCYX genes indicated that while ntrBC genes are required for nitrate assimilation, ntrYX genes can only partially restore growth on nitrate in the absence of ntrBC genes. The existence of a regulation mechanism for nitrate assimilation in P. denitrificans, by which nitrate induction operates at both transcriptional and translational levels, is proposed

Definite and indeterminate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis share similar clinical features and prognosis: A longitudinal study of 1893 biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease subjects

[Background and Aim] Histological score systems may not fully capture the essential nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) features, which is one of the leading causes of screening failure in clinical trials. We assessed the NASH distribution and its components across the fibrosis stages and their impact on the prognosis and their relationship with the concept of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).[Methods] Spanish multicenter study including 1893 biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients from HEPAmet registry. NASH was diagnosed by NAS score ≥4 (including steatosis, ballooning and lobular inflammation) and fibrosis by Kleiner score. The presence of MAFLD was determined. Progression to cirrhosis, first episode of decompensated cirrhosis and death were collected during the follow-up (4.7 ± 3.8 years).[Results] Fibrosis was F0 34.3% (649/1893), F1 27% (511/1893), F2 16.5% (312/1893), F3 15% (284/1893) and F4 7.2% (137/1893). NASH diagnosis 51.9% (982/1893), and its individual components (severe steatosis, ballooning and lobular inflammation), increased from F0 (33.6%) to F2 (68.6%), and decreased significantly in F4 patients (51.8%) (P = .0001). More than 70% of non-NASH patients showed some inflammatory activity (ballooning or lobular inflammation), showing a similar MAFLD rate than NASH (96.2% [945/982] vs. 95.2% [535/562]) and significantly higher than nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) subjects (89.1% [311/349]) (P < .0001). Progression to cirrhosis was similar between NASH (9.5% [51/539]) and indeterminate NASH (7.9% [25/316]), and higher than steatosis (5% [14/263]) (logRank 8.417; P = .015). Death and decompensated cirrhosis were similar between these.[Conclusions] The prevalence of steatohepatitis decreased in advanced liver disease. However, most of these patients showed some inflammatory activity histologically and had metabolic disturbances. These findings should be considered in clinical trials whose main aim is to prevent cirrhosis progression and complications, liver transplant and death.This project has been partially funded by the ‘Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía’ (PI-0075-2014) and the ‘Spanish Ministry of Economy, Innovation and Competition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III’ (PI19/01404, PI16/01842, PI17/00535 and GLD19/00100).Peer reviewe

Catálogo y distribución geográfica de los Odonatos en la Región de Murcia (SE España).

Se actualiza el catálogo y la distribución del orden Odonata en la Región de Murcia, comparándolo a uno anterior realizado en los años 50 del siglo XX. Los resultados indican que a mitad del siglo pasado se localizaron 40 especies en 17 localidades, mientras que las 2.087 citas recopiladas entre 1991-2017 confirman la presencia de 47 especies en 191 localidades. Se han identificado 11 nuevas especies para la Región de Murcia, que se pueden haber visto favorecidas por la construcción de charcas, embalses y otras infraestructuras para abastecer a las 225.000 ha de regadíos. De ellas, 9 especies se están expandiendo su área de distribución hacia el norte de Europa y/o Asia, efecto que podría estar relacionado con el proceso de cambio climático actual. Por el contrario, en la revisión actual no han sido detectadas 4 especies citadas en el estudio realizado a mediados del siglo XX

AEEH «Consensus about detection and referral of hidden prevalent liver diseases»

Las enfermedades hepáticas constituyen una carga de enfermedad muy importante para nuestro sistema sanitario, tanto por su alta prevalencia como por su morbimortalidad asociada. La hepatitis C se ha considerado la principal causa de enfermedad hepática en los últimos 30 años, pero gracias al efectivo tratamiento antiviral directo y a las estrategias de cribado, actualmente su peso ha disminuido notablemente. La infección por virus de la hepatitis B sigue afectando a casi el 0,7% de la población...Peer reviewe