3,083 research outputs found
Periodic Variation of Stress in Sputter Deposited Si/WSi2 Multilayers
A tension increment after sputter deposition of 1 nm of WSi2 onto sputtered
Si was observed at low Ar gas pressures. Wafer curvature data on multilayers
were found to have a periodic variation corresponding to the multilayer period,
and this permitted statistical analyses to improve the sensitivity to small
stresses. The observation of tension instead of compression in the initial
stage of growth is new and a model invoking surface rearrangement is invoked.
The data also bear on an unusual surface smoothing phenomena for sputtered Si
surfaces caused by the sputter deposition of WSi2 . We furthermore report that
for low Ar pressures the Si layers are the predominant source of built-up
stress
A simulation evaluation of a four-engine jet transport using engine thrust modulation for flightpath control
The use of throttle control laws to provide adequate flying qualities for flight path control in the event of a total loss of conventional flight control surface use was evaluated. The results are based on a simulation evaluation by transport research pilots of a B-720 transport with visual display. Throttle augmentation control laws can provide flight path control capable of landing a transport-type aircraft with up to moderate levels of turbulence. The throttle augmentation mode dramatically improves the pilots' ability to control flight path for the approach and landing flight condition using only throttle modulation. For light turbulence, the average Cooper-Harper pilot rating improved from unacceptable to acceptable (a pilot rating improvement of 4.5) in going from manual to augmented control. The low frequency response characteristics of the engines require a considerably different piloting technique. The various techniques used by the pilot resulted in considerable scatter in data. Many pilots readily adapted to a good piloting technique while some had difficulty. A new viable approach is shown to provide independent means of redundancy of transport aircraft flight path control
Seasonal Nutrition Content Changes of Stockpiled and Standing \u3cem\u3eLeymus cinereus\u3c/em\u3e Forage
Pressure-dependent transition from atoms to nanoparticles in magnetron sputtering: Effect on WSi2 film roughness and stress
We report on the transition between two regimes from several-atom clusters to
much larger nanoparticles in Ar magnetron sputter deposition of WSi2, and the
effect of nanoparticles on the properties of amorphous thin films and
multilayers. Sputter deposition of thin films is monitored by in situ x-ray
scattering, including x-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence small angle
x-ray scattering. The results show an abrupt transition at an Ar background
pressure Pc; the transition is associated with the threshold for energetic
particle thermalization, which is known to scale as the product of the Ar
pressure and the working distance between the magnetron source and the
substrate surface. Below Pc smooth films are produced, while above Pc roughness
increases abruptly, consistent with a model in which particles aggregate in the
deposition flux before reaching the growth surface. The results from WSi2 films
are correlated with in situ measurement of stress in WSi2/Si multilayers, which
exhibits a corresponding transition from compressive to tensile stress at Pc.
The tensile stress is attributed to coalescence of nanoparticles and the
elimination of nano-voids.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures; v3: published versio
Art, Artifact, Archive: African American Experiences in the Nineteenth Century
Angelo Scarlato’s extraordinary and vast collection of art and artifacts related to the Civil War, and specifically to the Battle of Gettysburg, the United States Colored Troops, slavery and the African American struggle for emancipation, citizenship and freedom has proved to be an extraordinary resource for Gettysburg College students. The 2012-14 exhibition in Musselman Library’s Special Collections, curated by Lauren Roedner ’13, entitled Slaves, Soldiers, Citizens: African American Artifacts of the Civil War Era and its corresponding catalogue provided a powerful and comprehensive historical narrative of the period.
This fall, students in my course at Gettysburg College “Art and Public Policy”—Diane Brennan, Maura Conley, Abigail Conner, Nicole Conte, Victoria Perez-Zetune, Savannah Rose, Kaylyn Sawyer, Caroline Wood and Zoe Yeoh—selected additional objects of material and print culture from Angelo’s private collection and drew from Lauren’s expertise for the exhibition Art, Artifact, Archive: African American Experiences in the Nineteenth Century to investigate public representations of a newly freed population as well as their more personal perspectives. [excerpt]https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/artcatalogs/1015/thumbnail.jp
Measuring a Light Neutralino Mass at the ILC: Testing the MSSM Neutralino Cold Dark Matter Model
The LEP experiments give a lower bound on the neutralino mass of about 46 GeV
which, however, relies on a supersymmetric grand unification relation. Dropping
this assumption, the experimental lower bound on the neutralino mass vanishes
completely. Recent analyses suggest, however, that in the minimal
supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), a light neutralino dark matter candidate
has a lower bound on its mass of about 7 GeV. In light of this, we investigate
the mass sensitivity at the ILC for very light neutralinos. We study slepton
pair production, followed by the decay of the sleptons to a lepton and the
lightest neutralino. We find that the mass measurement accuracy for a few-GeV
neutralino is around 2 GeV, or even less if the relevant slepton is
sufficiently light. We thus conclude that the ILC can help verify or falsify
the MSSM neutralino cold dark matter model even for very light neutralinos.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure; references adde
Genes encoding major light-harvesting polypeptides are clustered on the genome of the cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon.
The random case of Conley's theorem
The well-known Conley's theorem states that the complement of chain recurrent
set equals the union of all connecting orbits of the flow on the compact
metric space , i.e. , where
denotes the chain recurrent set of , stands for
an attractor and is the basin determined by . In this paper we show
that by appropriately selecting the definition of random attractor, in fact we
define a random local attractor to be the -limit set of some random
pre-attractor surrounding it, and by considering appropriate measurability, in
fact we also consider the universal -algebra -measurability besides -measurability, we are able to obtain
the random case of Conley's theorem.Comment: 15 page
Type Ia supernova parameter estimation: a comparison of two approaches using current datasets
By using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) first year type Ia supernova (SN
Ia) compilation, we compare two different approaches (traditional \chi^2 and
complete likelihood) to determine parameter constraints when the magnitude
dispersion is to be estimated as well. We consider cosmological constant + Cold
Dark Matter (\Lambda CDM) and spatially flat, constant w Dark Energy + Cold
Dark Matter (FwCDM) cosmological models and show that, for current data, there
is a small difference in the best fit values and 30% difference in
confidence contour areas in case the MLCS2k2 light-curve fitter is adopted. For
the SALT2 light-curve fitter the differences are less significant (
13% difference in areas). In both cases the likelihood approach gives more
restrictive constraints. We argue for the importance of using the complete
likelihood instead of the \chi^2 approach when dealing with parameters in the
expression for the variance.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures. More complete analysis by including peculiar
velocities and correlations among SALT2 parameters. Use of 2D contours
instead of 1D intervals for comparison. There can be now a significant
difference between the approaches, around 30% in contour area for MLCS2k2 and
up to 13% for SALT2. Generic streamlining of text and suppression of section
on model selectio
Experimental study of excited states of Ni via one-neutron transfer up to the neutron-separation threshold and characteristics of the pygmy dipole resonance states
The degree of collectivity of the Pygmy Dipole Resonance (PDR) is an open
question. Recently, Ries {\it et al.} have suggested the onset of the PDR
beyond based on the observation of a significant strength increase
in the Cr isotopes and proposed that the PDR has its origin in a few-nucleon
effect. Earlier, Inakura {\it et al.} had predicted by performing systematic
calculations using the random-phase approximation (RPA) with the Skyrme
functional SkM* that the strength of the PDR strongly depends on the
position of the Fermi level and that it displays a clear correlation with the
occupation of orbits with orbital angular momenta less than . To further investigate the microscopic structures causing the possible
formation of a PDR beyond the neutron shell closure, we performed a
NiNi experiment at the John D. Fox Superconducting Linear
Accelerator Laboratory of Florida State University. To determine the angular
momentum transfer populating possible states and other excited
states of Ni, angular distributions and associated single-neutron
transfer cross sections were measured with the Super-Enge Split-Pole
Spectrograph. A number of states were observed below the
neutron-separation threshold after being populated through angular
momentum transfers. A comparison to available data for
Ni provides evidence that the strength shifts further down
in energy. The data clearly prove that strength, i.e., the
neutron one-particle-one-hole configuration
plays only a minor role for states below the neutron-separation threshold
in Ni.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
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