Campylobacter Spp. Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in a Developing Country, Burkina Faso (West Africa)

Data on campylobacteriosis are almost nonexistent in Burkina Faso. In this study conducted from 2006 to 2008 in Ouagadougou, stool specimens and sociodemographic data were collected from 1 246 patients attending the university teaching hospital for enteritis. Stool samples were analyzed for the presence of Campylobacter by the direct culture method on selective mCCDA agar followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing on the isolated strains. The isolation rate of Campylobacter was 2.3%,comprising of the following species C. jejuni (51.8%), C. coli (13.8%), and C. upsaliensis (3.5%). However, 30.9% of the isolates were unidentified. No resistant strain was found to gentamicin. The resistance to amoxicillin+clavulanic acid (3.4%) was lower than those (10.3-34.5%) to the other antibiotics: erythromycin (10.3%), tetracycline (10.3%), ciprofloxacin (13.8%), amoxicillin (24.1%) and ceftriaxone (34.5%), nalidixic acid (34.5%). Significant associations were found between Campylobacter enteritis and contact with animals (P=0.03), and HIV infection (P<0.0001), in contrast to other sociodemographic and seasonal factors. From the data obtained Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid appear to be the first choice for treatment. The implementation of a national program may be helpful in controlling the spread of the disease and the increase of resistance to antibiotics.Keywords: Campylobacter, epidemiology, HIV, drug resistance, Burkina Fas

Nationwide Trends in Bacterial Meningitis before the Introduction of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine-Burkina Faso, 2011-2013.

BACKGROUND: Following introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in 2006 and serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine in 2010, Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) became the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in Burkina Faso. We describe bacterial meningitis epidemiology, focusing on pneumococcal meningitis, before 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) introduction in the pediatric routine immunization program in October 2013. METHODS: Nationwide population-based meningitis surveillance collects case-level demographic and clinical information and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) laboratory results. Sp infections are confirmed by culture, real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR), or latex agglutination, and CSF serotyped using real-time and conventional PCR. We calculated incidence rates in cases per 100,000 persons, adjusting for age and proportion of cases with CSF tested at national reference laboratories, and case fatality ratios (CFR). RESULTS: During 2011-2013, 1,528 pneumococcal meningitis cases were reported. Average annual adjusted incidence rates were 26.9 (<1 year), 5.4 (1-4 years), 7.2 (5-14 years), and 3.0 (≥15 years). Overall CFR was 23% and highest among children aged <1 year (32%) and adults ≥30 years (30%). Of 1,528 cases, 1,036 (68%) were serotyped: 71% were PCV13-associated serotypes, 14% were non-PCV13-associated serotypes, and 15% were non-typeable by PCR. Serotypes 1 (45%) and 12F/12A/12B/44/46 (8%) were most common. Among children aged <1 year, serotypes 5 (15%), 6A/6B (13%) and 1 (12%) predominated. CONCLUSIONS: In Burkina Faso, the highest morbidity and mortality due to pneumococcal meningitis occurred among children aged <1 year. The majority of cases were due to PCV13-associated serotypes; introduction of PCV13 should substantially decrease this burden

Facteurs associes aux tendinopathies de la main chez les employés de banque à Ouagadougou

Introduction : La répétitivité des gestes et l’implication régulière des membres supérieurs dans les activités manuelles en milieu professionnel les exposent au développement des troubles musculo-squelettiques. Les conditions de travail spécifiques des employés de banque au Burkina-Faso pourraient favoriser l’émergence de ces pathologies. L’objectif de ce travail était de déterminer la prévalence et les facteurs associés aux tendinopathies de la main et du poignet en milieu de banque à Ouagadougou.Méthode : L’étude transversale analytique s’est déroulée du 1er avril 2015 au 30 novembre 2015 dans cinq établissements bancaires de Ouagadougou. L’échantillon, constitué aléatoirement, comprenait les employés travaillant principalement avec un écran de visualisation, les guichetiers et les trieuses de billets. Les variables étudiées ont été collectées à l’aide d’un questionnaire, complétées par un examen clinique et des investigations radiographiques.Résultats : le taux de participation était moyen (48%). La prévalence de la tendinopathie de la main et du poignet était de 35%. Le sexe (p&lt;0,001), les pathologies préexistantes au poignet ou à la main (p&lt;0,001), les mouvements répétitifs de pince entre le pouce et l'index (p&lt;0,032), les mouvements répétitifs d’extension du poignet (p&lt;0,031) et le stress perçu (p&lt;0,001) sont les facteurs associés à la survenue de la tendinopathie. Le sexe féminin et le stress augmentent de 2 à 4 fois le risque de tendinopathies.Conclusion : ces résultats nos interpellent sur la nécessité de renforcer la prévention et le dépistage précoce des TMS en entreprise. Mots clés : Tendinopathie, main, poignet, banque, Ouagadougou. English Title: Factors associated with hand and wrist tendinopathies in the middle of banking in Ouagadougou The repetitive gestures and the regular involvement of upper limbs in manual activities in 50 a professional environment expose them to the development of musculoskeletal disorders. 51 The specific working conditions of bank employees in Burkina Faso could favor the 52 emergence of these pathologies. 53 The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with 54 tendinopathies of the hand and wrist in a banking environment in Ouagadougou. 55Method : The analytical cross-sectional study took place from April 1, 2015 to November 30, 56 2015 in 5 banking establishments in Ouagadougou. The sample, randomly drawn, included 57 employees working mainly with a display screen, tellers and ticket sorters. The variables 58 studied were collected using a questionnaire, supplemented by a clinical examination and 59 radiographic investigations 60.Results : the participation rate was average (48%). The prevalence of tendinopathy of the 61 hand and wrist was 35%. Sex (p &lt;0.001), pre existing pathologies on the wrist or hand (p 62 &lt;0.001), repetitive movements of the pincers between the thumb and forefinger (p &lt;0.032), 63 repetitive movements of wrist extension (p &lt;0.031) and perceived stress (p &lt;0.001) are the 64 factors associated with the onset of tendinopathy. The female sex and the stress increase by 2 65 to 4 times the risk of tendinopathies. 66 Keywords : Tendinopathy, hand, wrist, bank, Ouagadougou

Infections à virus respiratoire syncytial (VRS) au CHU pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

International audienc

Epidemic curve of all suspected, probable, and confirmed meningitis cases by month, Burkina Faso, 2011–2013.

<p>Epidemic curve of all suspected, probable, and confirmed meningitis cases by month, Burkina Faso, 2011–2013.</p

Annual incidence (cases per 100,000 persons) of suspected, probable, and confirmed meningitis, Burkina Faso, 2011–2013.

<p>Annual incidence (cases per 100,000 persons) of suspected, probable, and confirmed meningitis, Burkina Faso, 2011–2013.</p

Cases reported through national meningitis surveillance by age group and etiology, Burkina Faso, 2011–2013.

<p>Cases reported through national meningitis surveillance by age group and etiology, Burkina Faso, 2011–2013.</p

Flow diagram of the national case-based meningitis surveillance system, Burkina Faso, 2011–2013.

<p>Abbreviation: rt-PCR, real-time polymerase chain reaction. *Specimens can be tested by multiple methods.</p

Distribution of pneumococcal serotypes by age, Burkina Faso, 2011–2013.

<p>Distribution of pneumococcal serotypes by age, Burkina Faso, 2011–2013.</p

Epidemic curve of confirmed* pneumococcal meningitis cases, serotyped pneumococcal meningitis cases, PCV13-associated pneumococcal meningitis cases, and serotype 1 pneumococcal meningitis cases among children aged <5 years, by month, Burkina Faso, 2011–2013.

<p>*<i>S</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by culture or detected in CSF by real-time polymerase chain reaction or latex.</p