Estrada Parque, uma estratégia sustentável

Este artigo trata dos conflitos e das possibilidades de uma estratégia de desenvolvimento sustentável para o entorno de uma estrada de especial interesse paisagístico e ambiental. Localizada na serra da Cantareira, SP, essa região é de grande importância nas questões de preservação das águas de abastecimento da Grande São Paulo e encontra-se em localização periurbana de grande vulnerabilidade econômica, social e ambiental. Aprofunda-se na discussão valendo-se de casos existentes no Brasil e no exterior que exploram os diversos conceitos de estrada parque. Com o projeto da Estrada Parque Cantareira/Roseira em Mairiporã, idealizado por uma organização não-governamental voltada para a preservação ambiental, trabalha as questões de planejamento e gestão tanto local como metropolitana, assim como os diversos interesses públicos e privados. Com o intuito de contribuir-se para a construção de um melhor entendimento das dinâmicas locais e regionais, o estudo dos instrumentos de gestão compartilhada apresenta-se como referencial para regiões de biomas semelhantes.The current article discusses the conflicts and possibilities of a sustainable-development strategy for an area along a road with special scenic and environmental appeal. Located in the Cantareira mountain range in the state of São Paulo, the area along this road is of key importance for preserving the watersheds that supply part of the water for the São Paulo metropolitan region, amid a peri-urban area highly vulnerably from economic, social, and environmental perspectives. The article deepens the discussion regarding actual cases in Brazil and around the world that employ the parkway concept. Using the example of a parkway project for the Cantareira region suggested by a local non-governmental organization (NGO), the article discusses local and metropolitan planning and management, as well as the public and private interests involved. These investigations should yield a better understanding of local and regional processes as well as joint-management instruments, which should provide a meaningful reference to other regions with similar biomes.Este artículo trata de los conflictos y las posibilidades de una estrategia de desarrollo sostenible para el entorno de una carretera de especial interés paisajístico y ambiental. Está ubicada en la sierra de Cantareira, SP, una región que tiene gran importancia por cuestiones de preservación de las aguas de provisión de la gran São Paulo, y por su ubicación periurbana de gran vulnerabilidad económica, social y ambiental. El artículo también profundiza la discusión a partir de casos existentes en Brasil y en el exterior, que exploran los distintos conceptos de Carretera Parque. A través del proyecto de Carretera Parque Cantareira/Roseira en Mairiporã, idealizado por una organización no gubernamental dirigida a la preservación ambiental, trabaja las cuestiones de planificación y gestión tanto locales como metropolitanas, además de los distintos intereses públicos y privados. Con el objetivo de contribuir para la construcción de un mejor entendimiento de las dinámicas locales y regionales, el estudio de los instrumentos de gestión compartida se presenta como una referencia para regiones de biomas semejantes

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Search for Vector-Like T Quarks decaying to Top Quarks and Higgs Bosons in the All-Hadronic Channel using Jet Substructure

A search is performed for a vector-like heavy T quark that is produced in pairs and that decays to a top quark and a Higgs boson. The data analysed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns collected with the CMS detector in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV. For T quarks with large mass values the top quarks and Higgs bosons can have significant Lorentz boosts, so that their individual decay products often overlap and merge. Methods are applied to resolve the substructure of such merged jets. Upper limits on the production cross section of a T quark with mass between 500 and 1000 GeV/$c^2$ are derived. If the T quark decays exclusively to tH, the observed (expected) lower limit on the mass of the T quark is 745 (773) GeV$c^2$ at 95% confidence level. For the first time an algorithm is used for tagging boosted Higgs bosons that is based on a combination of jet substructure information and b tagging

Nuclear effects on the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in pPb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.02 TeV

Transverse momentum spectra of charged particles are measured by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV, in the range of $p_\mathrm{T}$ between 0.4 and 120 GeV/$c$ and pseudorapidity $|\eta_\mathrm{CM}|$ lower than 1.8 in the proton-nucleon center-of-mass frame. For $p_\mathrm{T}$ lower than 10 GeV/$c$, the charged-particle production is asymmetric about $|\eta_\mathrm{CM}|$ = 0, with smaller yield observed in the direction of the proton beam, qualitatively consistent with expectations from shadowing in nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDF). A pp reference spectrum at $\sqrt{s}$ =5.02 TeV is obtained by interpolation from previous measurements at higher and lower center-of-mass energies. The $p_\mathrm{T}$ distribution measured in pPb collisions shows an enhancement of charged particles with $p_\mathrm{T}$ larger than 20 GeV/$c$ compared to expectations from the pp reference. The enhancement is larger than predicted by perturbative quantum chromodynamic calculations that include antishadowing modifications of nPDFs

Distributions of topological observables in inclusive three- and four-jet events in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

This paper presents distributions of topological observables in inclusive three- and four-jet events produced in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to a luminosity of 5.1 inverse femtobarns. The distributions are corrected for detector effects, and compared with predictions from several Monte Carlo event generators. Of the leading order Monte Carlo programs, MADGRAPH displays the best overall agreement with the data