Caracterización, mediante espectroscopia EPR, de los catalizadores quirales bis (Oxazolina)-Cu soportados en Laponitas

[EN] An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance study of a chiral Bis(oxazoline)-Cu(II) supported in laponite (synthetic hectorite) is presented. It is concluded that the complex is incorporated into the interllamellar space of the clay giving out isolated Cu(II) entities in which the metal is co-ordinated to oxygen or nitrogen atoms with a symmetry practically planar-square, regardless the solvent used. That point out that the chlorine ligands in the complex are exchanged in the incorporation process in agreement with the previous X-ray absorption spectroscopy data, so that the oxygen atoms of the interlayers and clay surface act as counterions.[ES] Se presenta un estudio mediante Resonancia Paramagnética Electrónica del complejo quiral Bis(oxazolina)-Cu(II) soportado en laponita (hectorita sintética) (libre de hierro. Del mismo se concluye que el complejo se incorpora en el espacio interlamelar de la arcilla dando lugar a entidades de Cu(II) aisladas en las cuales el metal se coordina a átomos de oxígenos y nitrógenos con una simetría prácticamente planocuadrada, independientemente del disolvente empleado. Ello indica, de acuerdo con los datos previos de espectroscopia de absorción de rayos-X, que los ligandos cloruro del complejo son intercambiados en el proceso de incorporación de forma que los oxígenos de la superficie interlaminar y externa de la arcilla actúan como contraiones.This work has been partially supported by the CICYT (project MAT99-1176).Peer reviewe

Estrategias de aprendizaje con videojuegos a partir de la Neuroeducación

Neuroscience is working effectively to discover the keys to learning through knowledge of brain functions determining which parts of it should be encouraged to achieve what it is intended to achieve learning mode. Our test approach aims to determine the functions that video games can provide for learning based on stimuli that they are able to develop in the brain. In this sense we will try to relate the contributions of Bloom's taxonomy videojugar to practice with the characteristics of the brain that reveals Neuroscience and Neuroeducation.La neurociencia está colaborando de modo eficaz a descubrir las claves del aprendizaje a través del conocimiento de las funciones del cerebro determinando qué partes del mismo hay que estimular para la consecución de qué aprendizajes se pretenda conseguir. Nuestro ensayo pretende aproximarse a determinar las funciones que los videojuegos pueden aportar para conseguir aprendizajes en función de los estímulos que éstos sean capaces de desarrollar en el cerebro. En este sentido intentaremos relacionar las aportaciones de la taxonomía de Bloom a la práctica de videojugar con las características del cerebro que nos descubre la Neurociencia y la Neuroeducació

Videojuegos y adquisición de cultura

¿Son cultura los videojuegos?; ¿Son elementos transmisores de cultura?; ¿Son los videojuegos elementos de prácticas culturales?; ¿Sirven para sentir experiencias no vividas pero si experimentadas?; ¿Influyen en la evolución de la mente y sus consecuencias? ¿Podrían los videojuegos formar parte de la educación No Formal? que Trilla [1] describe como “un tipo de educación intencional, metódica, con objetivos definidos… pero no circunscrita a la escolaridad convencional” o, también podrían formar parte de la educación Informal que Trilla [2] describe como “la educación que se produce mediante procesos educativamente indiferenciados o inespecíficos”. ¿O por su creciente introducción en las metodologías docentes podríamos encuadrarlos dentro de la Educación Formal? que Touriñan [3] describe como “el proceso de adquisición y el conjunto de competencias y actitudes educativas adquiridas con estímulos directamente educativos en actividades conformadas por el sistema escolar.”Are videogames culture? Are they elements of culture transmission? Are videogames elements of cultural practices? Is their purpose to make users feel experiences not lived but already experienced? Do they influence the evolution of the mind and its consequences? Could videogames be a part of Non-Formal education? Trilla describes it as “a type of intentional education, methodic, with defined objectives… but not limited to conventional school”, or it could also be a part of Informal education that Trilla describes as “education that happens through indifference or unspecific processes”. Could they be included in Formal education due to the increase of them in new methodologies? Touriñam describes as “the process of acquisition and the competences and attitudes acquired with educational stimulus from school related activities”

Flipped Learning y su aplicación en la educación universitaria

El profesor tiene la responsabilidad de diseñar su asignatura de tal forma que su alumnado alcance una comprensión y nivel de aprendizaje de orden superior, y que puedan realizar transferencias entre sus aprendizajes y nuevas situaciones que se les planteen. Implementar el flipped learning. Implica cambiar tanto el rol del profesor como el del alumno. El profesor ha de introducir actividades de aprendizaje, evaluación formativa y feedback colectivo. Los alumnos han de empezar a aprender estudiando y resolviendo de forma autónoma sus propias dudas, reflexionar sobre su propio aprendizaje y a comunicar sus dificultades al profesor. La programación de la asignatura de Habilidades Sociales, realiza una propuesta en la que se utilizaran de forma combinada diversas metodologías como Just-in-time teaching (J-I-T-T), Team based learning, (TBL), son eficaces para inducir el estudio previo, combinándolos con la Peer instruction (PI), para las actividades de evaluación formativa y discusión en clase

Influencia de la alimentación del cerdo ibérico en las características de los compuestos relacionados con la grasa del jamón curado

Influencia de la alimentación del cerdo ibérico en las características de los compuestos relacionados con la grasa del jamón curado. Se ha estudiado la influencia que pueda tener la alimentación del cerdo ibérico (bellota, recebo, pienso) sobre las características de la grasa y sus productos de degradación, responsables en parte del aroma que presenta el jamón curado. Se ha puesto de manifiesto una incidencia de la alimentación sobre la insaturación de la grasa intramuscular del jamón, que se refleja en la relación parcial, que en cada tipo de jamón aparece entre el ácido oleico y la suma de linoleico y linolénico. Diferencias en parámetros de curación como actividad de agua, índice de salinidad y potencial redox, tienen su reflejo en las diferencias encontradas para las proporciones relativas entre los ácidos grasos libres saturados e insaturados. Una mayor oxidación en la grasa de jamones de pienso marca también diferencias con los otros tipos de jamones en lo que respecta a sus componentes volátiles. Los jamones de bellota y recebo son más ricos en los aldehidos acetaldehido y pentanal, mientras que los jamones de pienso tienen mayor contenido en hexanal, heptanal y octanal. Los tres tipos de jamones coinciden en los porcentajes de los componentes cetónicos: propanona, 2-butanona y 2-pentanona.Alimentation Influence in the characteristics of compounds related with fat of ham from iberic pigs. Alimentation influence (acorn, acorn-bait mixed, bait) over characteristics fat and their degradation products, that are in part, responsible of the aroma of ham, has been studied. Influence over the naturation degree has been observed. Relation oleic/ linoleic+linolenic acids are different In the three types of hams. Also water activity, salinity index and redox potential show differences that affect to the relative percentage of satured and unsatured free fatty acids. Fat of bait hams suffer more oxidation. Acorn and mixed acornbait hams offer a higher level of pentanal and acetaldehyde. Whereas bait hams have higher level of hexanal, heptanal and octanal. The percentage of cetonic compounds are similar in all then

Endothelial C-type natriuretic peptide maintains vascular homeostasis

PMCID: PMC4151218Wellcome Trust (084449/Z/07/Z and 078496/Z/05/Z

Influence of ligand structure and molecular geometry on the properties of d6 polypyridinic transition metal complexes

Different strategies to improve the excited state properties of polypyridinic complexes by varying ligand structure and molecular geometry are described. Bidentate and tetradentate ligands based on fragments as dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine, dppz, and pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]-phenanthroline, ppl, have been used. Quinonic residues were fused to these basic units to improve acceptor properties. Photophysical studies were performed in order to test theoretical predictions

U-series and radiocarbon cross dating of speleothems from Nerja Cave (Spain): Evidence of open system behavior. Implication for the Spanish rock art chronology

Two stalagmites from Nerja cave (Andalusia, Spain) were studied. The cave is well known because of its long human occupation from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Chalcolithic and its abundant parietal prehistoric Art. The aims of this study were twofold: i) to compare uranium/thorium (Th/U) and Carbon-14 (C) ages obtained all along the growth axis of the stalagmites in order to understand the consequences of diagenetic processes on the validity of radiometric ages; ii) as one of the stalagmites contains black layers, attributed to combustion soot, to establish when these intense hearths were used and by which culture. Th/U and C ages were coupled with mineralogical studies using FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and thin section observations. The first stalagmite (GN16-9b) displays Th/U ages in stratigraphic order, and compatible with C ages corrected for a few percent of dead carbon. Homogeneous composition of aragonitic crystals characterized by their needle-like texture is observed throughout this speleothem. For the second stalagmite (GN16-7), in contrast, Th/U ages display large significant inversions and discordant results on the upper part and at the base of the stalagmite, suggesting a possible open system behavior for this chronometer. Interestingly, C ages are in stratigraphic order all along the stalagmite and are compatible with Th/U ages only in its central part. Mineralogical studies display evidence of aragonite to calcite transformation at the top and a complex mineralogical assemblage with interlayered silicates (possibly clays) and calcitic mineralogy for the base of GN16-7. In these parts, discordant Th/U ages were measured. In the middle part of the stalagmite, however, where the fibrous aragonite is well preserved, the C and Th/U ages agree. Our data suggest that in the case of aragonite to calcite transformation as shown here, Th/U ages are biased, but C ages seem to remain accurate, as already observed in aragonitic marine bio minerals. C ages obtained are used for the chronology of the soot layer, determined here between 7900 and 5500 years Cal BP, coherent with previous analysis of charcoals in the same sector of the cave. This study highlights the importance of working with at least two chronometers when stratigraphic age verification is not possible, as is the case of some parietal CaCO thin layers used for rock art dating. Recent Th/U ages published for carbonate deposits on Spanish parietal Art are discussed in light of this demonstration.This research was funded by ANR (grant number ANR-18-CE27- 0004, ApART project) and supported by the Paris Ile-de-France Region – DIM “matérieux Anciens et Patrimoniaux” for FTIR analysis. The authors thank LMC14 staff (Laboratoire de Mesure du Carbone-14), ARTEMIS national facility, for the results obtained with the Accelerator Mass Spectroscopy method, and the PANOPLY analytical platform. This research is part of the “Proyecto General de Investigación aplicada a la conservación de Cueva de Nerja” authorised by the Junta de Andalucía and financed by the Fundación de Servicios Cueva de Nerja. The authors also wish to thank the “Instituto de Investigación Cueva de Nerja” for supporting this research. M.A.Medina-Alcaide has a Postdoctoral Fyssen Grant; the results presented in this paper are included in the PID2019-107262GB-I00 and PDC2021-121501-I00 grants funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

Non-alcoholic fatty liver in hereditary fructose intolerance

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by fat accumulation affecting >5% of the liver volume that is not explained by alcohol abuse. It is known that fructose gives rise to NAFLD and it has been recently described that the ingestion of fructose in low amounts in aldolase B deficient mice is associated with the development of fatty liver. Therefore, it is reasonable that patients with HFI (Hereditary Fructose Intolerance) present fatty liver at diagnosis, but its prevalence in patients treated and with adequate follow-up is not well documented in the literature. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between HFI and NAFLD in treated patients. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted. The population comprised 16 genetically diagnosed HFI patients aged from 3 years to 48 and in dietary treatment of fructose, sorbitol and sacarose exclusion at least for two years. Blood samples were obtained for analytical studies and anthropometric measurements of each patient were performed. Results: Patients presented a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 17.9 ± 2.9 kg/m 2 . The HOMA index and Quick index were in normal range for our population. The S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM)/S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) ratio was increased in the patients in whom this analysis was performed. By imaging techniques it was observed that 9 of the 16 patients presented fatty liver (7 by hepatic MRI). Of these 9 patients, only 3 presented hepatomegaly. 7 of 9 patients affected by the c.448G > C mutation had fatty infiltration, of which three of them presented in addition hepatomegaly. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of fatty liver in HFI patients and it is not related to obesity and insulin resistance. The diagnosis of fatty liver in HFI patients and, above all, the identification of new therapeutic approaches, can positively impact the quality of life of these patients