Tamanho ótimo de parcelas experimentais para o cultivo de mamoeiro

The objective of this work was to determine the optimal size of experimental plots for the evaluation of agronomic characteristics and fruit quality of papaya, by the linear model of plateau response, under soil and climatic conditions of the Recôncavo Baiano region, in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The experiment consisted of a uniformity test, with the papaya lineage L78, at 3×2 m spacing, in 16 rows with 22 plants, totaling 352 plants and 2,112 m2 useful area. Each plant was considered as a basic unit, and 11 forms of pre-established plots, with rectangular and row formats, were obtained. The agronomic characteristics and fruit quality were evaluated in the plots. Optimal plot size varied greatly among the variables related to agronomic characteristics, with a greater participation of the variable number of marketable fruit per plant at 14 months (16 basic units). The optimal plot size for the evaluation of the agronomic characteristics and fruit quality in papaya is eight experimental units, with 48 m2 area, at a spacing of 3 m between rows and 2 m between papaya plants.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tamanho ótimo de parcela experimental para avaliação de características agronômicas e qualidade de fruto de mamoeiro, por meio do modelo linear de resposta platô, nas condições edafoclimáticas do Recôncavo Baiano, no Estado da Bahia. O experimento consistiu de um teste de uniformidade, com a linhagem de mamoeiro L78, no espaçamento 3×2 m, em 16 fileiras com 22 plantas, com o total de 352 plantas e área útil de 2.112 m2. Cada planta foi considerada como unidade básica, tendo-se obtido 11 formas de parcelas pré-estabelecidas, com formatos retangulares e em fileiras. As características agronômicas e a qualidade dos frutos foram avaliadas nas parcelas. O tamanho ótimo de parcela variou muito entre as variáveis relativas às características agronômicas, com maior participação da variável número de frutos comerciais aos 14 meses (16 unidades básicas). O tamanho ótimo de parcela para avaliação das características agronômicas e da qualidade do fruto em mamoeiro é de oito unidades experimentais, com área de 48 m2 no espaçamento de 3 m entre fileiras e 2 m entre plantas de mamoeiro

Qualidade ambiental do vazadouro a céu aberto de Castanhal-PA / Environmental quality of the empty sky of Castanhal-PA

A taxa incontrolada do aumento de lixo que ocasionam problemas tanto a saúde ambiental por contaminar o solo, a atmosfera e as águas, quanto à saúde humana por haver proliferação de agentes patogênicos transmissores de doenças. Neste contexto elaborou-se esta pesquisa no município de Castanhal-PA, com objetivo de identificar os problemas a qualidade ambiental oriundos da disposição inadequada dos resíduos sólidos e efetuar um levantamento dos principais resíduos sólidos descartados passíveis de reciclagem. A pesquisa realizada baseou-se na abordagem qualitativa. Quanto ao método, ele foi hipotético-dedutivo, com isso a pesquisa torna-se observativa, sistemática, direta, com caráter exploratório. Foi realizada a aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas referente ao tema e sucessiva descrição, acompanhada de uma posterior análise dos dados coletados com os principais responsáveis públicos que tratam dos resíduos sólidos do município de Castanhal-PA. Os dados obtidos indicaram que a poluição do solo é principalmente pela falta de gerenciamento adequado dos resíduos e rejeitos, que altera as características naturais do meio. Em relação a qualidade da água, a infiltração contaminada pelo solo, foi um dos problemas mais notório no lixão, o que compromete as águas superficiais e subterrâneas com poluentes agressivos ao meio ambiente como: os metais pesados, óleos, graxas, sulfetos, fenóis, cianetos, fluoretos, produtos químicos e orgânicos em gerais além de servirem como meios de reprodução para diversos agentes transmissores de doenças como a dengue. Outra forma de poluição oriunda da má gestão dada aos resíduos sólidos é a contaminação do ar, principalmente por meio de gases nocivos a atmosfera. Os dados obtidos indicaram que o Palet, papeis e papelões estão entre os materiais mais descartados no lixão do município de Castanhal-PA e apresentam características passíveis de reciclagem/reutilização. A partir desta pesquisa foi possível concluir que há uma falta de preocupação da prefeitura sobre os problemas existentes e a falta de conhecimento do local, da quantidade e variedade de lixo depositado diariamente. Em consequência disso, são inevitáveis os problemas a qualidade ambiental, que compromete principalmente o solo, a água e o ar. Além disso, a comunidade que mora próximo ao lixão e os catadores sofrem com os problemas a qualidade ambiental que são perceptíveis desde a entrada do local de depósito de resíduos

Optimal experimental plot size for papaya cultivation.

The objective of this work was to determine the optimal size of experimental plots for the evaluation of agronomic characteristics and fruit quality of papaya, by the linear model of plateau response, under soil and climatic conditions of the Recôncavo Baiano region, in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The experiment consisted of a uniformity test, with the papaya lineage L78, at 3×2 m spacing, in 16 rows with 22 plants, totaling 352 plants and 2,112 m2 useful area. Each plant was considered as a basic unit, and 11 forms of pre-established plots, with rectangular and row formats, were obtained. The agronomic characteristics and fruit quality were evaluated in the plots. Optimal plot size varied greatly among the variables related to agronomic characteristics, with a greater participation of the variable number of marketable fruit per plant at 14 months (16 basic units). The optimal plot size for the evaluation of the agronomic characteristics and fruit quality in papaya is eight experimental units, with 48 m2 area, at a spacing of 3 m between rows and 2 m between papaya plants.Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-30T18:13:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 266001267912PB.pdf: 723440 bytes, checksum: b8025427d4c4167730091cab071038e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019bitstream/item/203929/1/26600-126791-2-PB.pd

Semiodiscursive analysis of TV newscasts based on data mining and image processing

This work addresses the development of a novel computer-aided methodology for discourse analysis of TV newscasts. A TV newscast constitutes a particular type of discourse and has become a central part of the modern-day lives of millions of people. It is important to understand how this media content works and how it affects human life. To support the study of TV newscasts under the discourse analysis perspective, this work proposes a newscast structure to recover its main units and extract relevant data, named here as newscast discursive metadata (NDM). The NDM describes aspects, such as screen time and field size of newscasts’ participants and themes addressed. Data mining and image analysis methods are used to extract and analyze the NDM of a dataset containing 41 editions of two Brazilian newscasts. The experimental results are promising, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)