Turismo, gentrificação e transformação nas favelas da zona sul: reflexões retrospectivas e notas para o futuro / Tourism, gentrification and transformation in south zone favelas: retrospective reflections and notes for the future

Ao longo das últimas décadas o Brasil tem vivido um turbilhão de transformações socioespaciais. Ora impulsionadas pelo otimismo com relação à economia e aos megaeventos esportivos, ora catalisadas pela subsequente crise política, econômica, social e de segurança, as mudanças rápidas e drásticas sofridas pelo país vem impactando diretamente o urbano e a dinâmica nas cidades e espaços públicos. O Rio de Janeiro, mais especificamente, tem vivido esse processo de forma aguda, já que alguns dos espaços mais vulneráveis e emblemáticos de pobreza urbana – as favelas – possuem relações ambíguas com fenômenos como o turismo de favelas, a entrada de novos moradores, as diferentes formas de violência e a flutuação de preços imobiliários, entre outros. Nesta pesquisa buscamos refletir sobre tais fenômenos, compreendendo-os a partir de um panorama histórico crítico que aborda algumas transformações nas favelas da zona sul do Rio de Janeiro. Principalmente, por meio de uma análise dos processos de turismo e gentrificação, promovemos uma reflexão sobre o passado e o futuro das favelas do Rio de Janeiro frente a uma nova era de crise e transformações paradigmáticas socioculturais pelas quais passam o país e seus moradores mais vulneráveis

Normative future visioning for city resilience and development

This paper argues for normative visioning as an underdeveloped component of adaptation planning. Multi-stakeholder and normative approaches to future visioning offer generative moments when creativity can meet the power to act required for critical, including transformative, adaptation. Including normative methods with community and city actors in adaptation planning allows for alternative narratives of development to arise as a basis for deeper conversation and potential action on the root causes of vulnerability and risk. A specific visioning approach is tested for four megacities – Istanbul, Kathmandu, Nairobi and Quito. Relations between current and future states of development and resilience are found to be both aligned (congruent or contingent) and in opposition (countervailing or constrained) shaping strategy for policy setting. These data are combined with additional work from London, Kolkata, New York and Lagos to pilot a City Resilience Challenge Index (CRCI), indicating to policy-makers whether and how cities are currently moving away from, rather than towards, envisioned trajectories of vulnerability reduction and adaptation. In the future, the CRCI might provide a global tool to track the progress of cities towards climate resilient development and, by doing so, to increase ambition and galvanize action

Socio-spatial legibility, discipline, and gentrification through favela upgrading in Rio de Janeiro

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu MdM-2015-0552Digital object identifier for the 'European Research Council' (http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781), Digital object identifier for 'Horizon 2020' (http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007601).This paper contributes to global perspectives on gentrification by interrogating the experiences of urban redevelopment and transformation in the global South. Through unpacking the contradictions of public space revitalization and upgrading in two favelas in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, we critically examine changes to the socio-spatial fabric of informal settlements over time. Our analysis reveals that upgrading projects, when combined with stateled favela pacification, create socio-spatial legibility through three inter-related pathways ofphysical, symbolic, and economic discipline. In the outset, favela upgrading increases property prices and produces an urban scenario molded for outsiders while simultaneously invisibilizing traditional cultural and social uses. For favela residents, however, upgrading is experienced as iterative processes of securitization and restriction, which involve strategies such as environmental clean-up, property enclosure, police violence, and new exclusionary forms of investments. As a result, the most socially vulnerable residents are controlled, coercively driven away, and slowly erased. Over time, the apparent integration of the formal and informal city, of the rich and the poor, of the 'asphalt' and the 'hill' in Rio de Janeiro produces new forms of separation, segregation, and fragmentation

Socio-spatial legibility and the contradictions of favela upgrading in Rio de Janeiro

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu MdM-2015-0552Digital object identifier for the 'European Research Council' (http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781), Digital object identifier for 'Horizon 2020' (http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007601).This paper contributes to global perspectives on gentrification by interrogating the experiences of urban redevelopment and transformation in the global South. Through unpacking the contradictions of public space revitalization and upgrading in two favelas in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, we critically examine changes to the socio-spatial fabric of informal settlements over time. Our analysis reveals that upgrading projects, when combined with stateled favela pacification, create socio-spatial legibility through three inter-related pathways ofphysical, symbolic, and economic discipline. In the outset, favela upgrading increases property prices and produces an urban scenario molded for outsiders while simultaneously invisibilizing traditional cultural and social uses. For favela residents, however, upgrading is experienced as iterative processes of securitization and restriction, which involve strategies such as environmental clean-up, property enclosure, police violence, and new exclusionary forms of investments. As a result, the most socially vulnerable residents are controlled, coercively driven away, and slowly erased. Over time, the apparent integration of the formal and informal city, of the rich and the poor, of the 'asphalt' and the 'hill' in Rio de Janeiro produces new forms of separation, segregation, and fragmentation

Future Visioning for Pro-poor Disaster Risk Reduction in Tomorrow's Cities: Activities Toolbox

This document sets guidelines for Future Visioning within 'Tomorrow’s Cities Decision Support Environment'. It is meant to guide the elaboration, monitoring and evaluation of visioning approaches in the cities that are joining the research hub. It may also serve as an evaluation and learning tool for cities, communities and researchers generally interested in future visioning and scenario building techniques

Reducing disaster risk for the poor in tomorrow’s cities with computational science

Rapid urban expansion presents a major challenge to delivering the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Urban populations are forecast to increase by 2.2 billion by 2050, and business as usual will condemn many of these new citizens to lives dominated by disaster risk. This need not be the case. Computational science can help urban planners and decision-makers to turn this threat into a time-limited opportunity to reduce disaster risk for hundreds of millions of people