ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INDICATORS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT FROM AN ECONOMIC VIEWPOINT

Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Giant Steps

This music clip is from the CD entitled Leap of Faith. The band was directed by Dr. Robert Washut.https://scholarworks.uni.edu/jazzband/1053/thumbnail.jp

Growth and survival of enrichment plantings of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.)

In 1995, an enrichment planting of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) was established in a recently harvested upland hardwood stand in West Tennessee. Five known genetic families were used from a 190 family seed orchard on the Watuga Ranger District of the Cherokee National Forest. Seedlings were obtained from the University of Tennessee Tree Improvement Program and were grown at the Tennessee Division of Forestry Nursery under a protocol developed by the USDA Forest Service Institute of Tree Root Biology. Seedlings from several genetic family sources were field tested in this year in several other southern states. This study is an early trial of selected families for the western part of the State and assumes that artificial regeneration of northern red oak may be feasible. The study obtained responses of these quality seedlings under field conditions and several site preparation techniques. It was hypothesized that all variability in seedling growth (height and basal diameter) and early seedling survival can be explained either by genetic family or by the site preparation treatment. The enrichment plantings were superimposed onto an established natural oak regeneration study. Twenty circular plots were established. Five post-harvest treatments, both mechanical and chemical, were then assigned to the 20 plots using a randomized block design. A buffer area surrounding each of the 20 natural regeneration plots was divided into four cardinal direction quadrants in which the artificial regeneration seedlings were planted. Measurements of (height growth, basal caliper, and The introduced seedlings were analyzed for hypothesis testing. All northern red oak seedlings produced height growth during the first growing season. There was a significant difference at the .05 level between the plot treatments and height growth. There were no significant differences at the .05 level between the plot treatments and survivability. There were no significant differences between the genetic families and survivability. There was a significant difference at the .05 level between genetic families and height growth. Minimal deer or other animal damage was found

Ecological And Physiological Adaptations Of The Porcupine To Winter Alaska

Thesis (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2012Understanding the ecology and physiology of wildlife is paramount to conservation and management of species. North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) are mammalian herbivores that occupy a diverse array of habitats across a broad geographical range. However, few studies have explored the ecology and physiology of porcupines. I used captive and free ranging porcupines to 1) identify the physiological abilities that enable them to survive on low quality winter forage when thermoregulatory demands are high, 2) determine responses of porcupines to winter conditions, and 3) determine how winter conditions influence habitat selection and home range size at the northern limits of their range. My research revealed that the persistence of porcupines at the northern limits of their range is due to plasticity of food intake, as well as physiological tolerance of low-quality diets and low ambient temperatures. Captive porcupines gained mass when high quality diets were available. However, porcupines decreased their dry matter intake throughout winter, indicating a seasonal decrease in metabolic rate. Low requirements for energy and nitrogen minimized the loss of body mass when intakes were low, while plant toxins increased urinary losses of energy and nitrogen. Free-ranging porcupines conserved lean body mass in winter by catabolizing fat stores. Proportional fat loss was correlated positively with total fat mass at the start of winter. Fat losses were minimized by lowering rates of energy expenditure. Water turnovers were slow in wild porcupines and body temperatures were not reduced to save energy. In order to survive winter on a low quality diet of white spruce (Picea glauca ) needles and cambium and paper birch (Betula papyrifera ) cambium, porcupines maintained large home ranges comprised primarily of mixed conifer/hardwood forests. Occupying a mixed forest habitat allowed porcupine to switch their diet between two forage tree species, potentially alleviating saturated detoxification pathways. Overall, porcupines possess the physiological abilities of a specialist herbivore during winter; however, they rely on abundant high quality summer forages to replenish their stores of fat and protein for reproduction and survival in the subsequent winter

Stability Investigation of a Blunted Cone and a Blunted Ogive with a Flared Cylinder Afterbody at Mach Numbers from 0.30 to 2.85

A cone with a blunt nose tip and a 10.7 deg cone half angle and an ogive with a blunt nose tip and a 20 deg flared cylinder afterbody have been tested in free flight over a Mach number range of 0.30 to 2.85 and a Reynolds number range of 1 x 10(exp 6) to 23 x 10(exp 6). Time histories, cross plots of force and moment coefficients, and plots of the longitudinal force,coefficient, rolling velocity, aerodynamic center, normal- force-curve slope, and dynamic stability are presented. With the center-of-gravity location at about 50 percent of the model length, the models were both statically and dynamically stable throughout the Mach number range. For the cone, the average aerodynamic center moved slightly forward with decreasing speeds and the normal-force-curve slope was fairly constant throughout the speed range. For the ogive, the average aerodynamic center remained practically constant and the normal-force-curve slope remained practically constant to a Mach number of approximately 1.6 where a rising trend is noted. Maximum drag coefficient for the cone, with reference to the base area, was approximately 0.6, and for the ogive, with reference to the area of the cylindrical portion, was approximately 2.1

Affects of Elimination: Foundations of Collectivity

This paper examines specific indigenous social movements in the United States. Two examples are considered: the occupation of the decommissioned Fort-Lawton, Seattle military base in 1970 and the contemporary movement for missing and murdered indigenous women (MMIW). Both are examples of resistance to assimilation and ‘elimination’ in the form of collective action by indigenous persons. The paper explores the relation between coming together as a group and responding to the experience of violence, injury, or suffering. This dynamic between collective formation and shared affective experience constructs the foundation upon which these movements imagine and work to enact a social and political ‘alternative.\u2

Brown Bear and Human Recreational Use of Trails in Anchorage, Alaska

The Municipality of Anchorage, Alaska, has 301,000 human residents and hundreds of thousands of visitors each year. Anchorage also supports a viable population of brown bears (Ursus arctos alascensis). As a result, human-bear encounters are common. We monitored recreational trails near salmon spawning streams at 3 study sites with camera traps during the summers of 2009 – 2012 to better understand daily and seasonal activity patterns of bears and humans on these trails. We found that the more remote study sites had the least human activity and the most bear activity, and human-bear encounters were most likely to occur from July through early September due to a higher degree of overlap between human and bear activity during this timeframe. Most brown bears at our study sites appeared to have adopted a crepuscular and nocturnal activity pattern, which was more pronounced at the site with the most human use. More people used trails Friday through Sunday, while there was no difference in bear activity among days of week. Recreational activities and user groups differed among sites. Based on our data, areas should be assessed individually to mitigate adverse human-bear encounters.  However, one potential solution for avoiding dangerous bear encounters at all study sites is to restrict human access or types of recreational activity. When human access is controlled in important bear habitat, distribution of visitors becomes spatially and temporally more predictable, allowing bears an opportunity to adjust activity patterns to avoid people while still using the resource