An X-ray characterization of the central region of the supernova remnant G332.5-5.6

Aims. We present an X-ray analysis of the central region of supernova remnant (SNR) G332.5-5.6 through an exhaustive analysis of XMM-Netwon observations with complementary infrared observations. We characterize and discuss the origin of the observed X-ray morphology, which presents a peculiar plane edge over the west side of the central region. Methods. The morphology and spectral properties of the X-ray SNR were studied using a single full frame XMM-Netwon observation in the 0.3 to 10.0 keV energy band. Archival infrared WISE observations at 8, 12 and 24 μm were also used to investigate the properties of the source and its surroundings at different wavelengths. Results. The results show that the extended X-ray emission is predominantly soft (0.3-1.2 keV) and peaks around 0.5 keV, which shows that it is an extremely soft SNR. X-ray emission correlates very well with central regions of bright radio emission. On the west side the radio/X-ray emission displays a plane-like feature with a terminal wall where strong infrared emission is detected. Our spatially resolved X-ray spectral analysis confirms that the emission is dominated by weak atomic emission lines of N, O, Ne, and Fe, all of them undetected in previous X-ray studies. These characteristics suggest that the X-ray emission is originated in an optically thin thermal plasma, whose radiation is well fitted by a non-equilibrium ionization collisional plasma (VNEI) X-ray emission model. Our study favors a scenario where G332.5-5.6 is expanding in a medium with an abrupt density change (the wall), likely a dense infrared emitting region of dust on the western side of the source.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y GeofísicasInstituto Argentino de Radioastronomí

An X-ray characterization of the central region of the supernova remnant G332.5-5.6

Aims. We present an X-ray analysis of the central region of supernova remnant (SNR) G332.5-5.6 through an exhaustive analysis of XMM-Netwon observations with complementary infrared observations. We characterize and discuss the origin of the observed X-ray morphology, which presents a peculiar plane edge over the west side of the central region. Methods. The morphology and spectral properties of the X-ray SNR were studied using a single full frame XMM-Netwon observation in the 0.3 to 10.0 keV energy band. Archival infrared WISE observations at 8, 12 and 24 μm were also used to investigate the properties of the source and its surroundings at different wavelengths. Results. The results show that the extended X-ray emission is predominantly soft (0.3-1.2 keV) and peaks around 0.5 keV, which shows that it is an extremely soft SNR. X-ray emission correlates very well with central regions of bright radio emission. On the west side the radio/X-ray emission displays a plane-like feature with a terminal wall where strong infrared emission is detected. Our spatially resolved X-ray spectral analysis confirms that the emission is dominated by weak atomic emission lines of N, O, Ne, and Fe, all of them undetected in previous X-ray studies. These characteristics suggest that the X-ray emission is originated in an optically thin thermal plasma, whose radiation is well fitted by a non-equilibrium ionization collisional plasma (VNEI) X-ray emission model. Our study favors a scenario where G332.5-5.6 is expanding in a medium with an abrupt density change (the wall), likely a dense infrared emitting region of dust on the western side of the source.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y GeofísicasInstituto Argentino de Radioastronomí

NKp46-expressing human gut-resident intraepithelial V\u3b41 T cell subpopulation exhibits high anti-tumor activity against colorectal cancer

\u3b3\u3b4 T cells account for a large fraction of human intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) endowed with potent anti-tumor activities. However, little is known about their origin, phenotype and clinical relevance in colorectal cancer (CRC). To determine \u3b3\u3b4 IEL gut-specificity, homing and functions, \u3b3\u3b4 T cells were purified from human healthy blood, lymph nodes, liver, skin, intestine either disease-free or affected by CRC or generated from thymic precursors. The constitutive expression of NKp46 specifically identifies a new subset of cytotoxic V\u3b41 T cells representing the largest fraction of gut-resident IELs. The ontogeny and gut-tropism of NKp46pos/V\u3b41 IELs depends both on distinctive features of V\u3b41 thymic precursors and gut-environmental factors. Either the constitutive presence of NKp46 on tissue-resident V\u3b41 intestinal IELs or its induced-expression on IL-2/IL-15 activated V\u3b41 thymocytes are associated with anti-tumor functions. Higher frequencies of NKp46pos/V\u3b41 IELs in tumor-free specimens from CRC patients correlate with a lower risk of developing metastatic III/IV disease stages. Additionally, our in vitro settings reproducing CRC tumor-microenvironment inhibited the expansion of NKp46pos/V\u3b41 cells from activated thymic precursors. These results parallel the very low frequencies of NKp46pos/V\u3b41 IELs able to infiltrate CRC, thus providing new insights to either follow-up cancer progression or develop novel adoptive cellular therapies

Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: a prognostic model for clinical use.

The Integruppo Italiano Linfomi (IIL) carried out a study to assess the outcomes of splenic marginal zone lymphoma and to identify prognostic factors in 309 patients. The 5-year cause-specific survival (CSS) rate was 76%. In univariate analysis, the parameters predictive of shorter CSS were hemoglobin levels below 12 g/dL (P < .001), albumin levels below 3.5 g/dL (P = .001), International Prognostic Index (IPI) scores of 2 to 3 (P < .001), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels above normal (P < .001), age older than 60 years (P = .01), platelet counts below 100 000/μL (P = .04), HbsAg-positivity (P = .01), and no splenectomy at diagnosis (P = .006). Values that maintained a negative influence on CSS in multivariate analysis were hemoglobin level less than 12 g/dL, LDH level greater than normal, and albumin level less than 3.5 g/dL. Using these 3 variables, we grouped patients into 3 prognostic categories: low-risk group (41%) with no adverse factors, intermediate-risk group (34%) with one adverse factor, and high-risk group (25%) with 2 or 3 adverse factors. The 5-year CSS rate was 88% for the low-risk group, 73% for the intermediate-risk group, and 50% for the high-risk group. The cause-specific mortality rate (x 1000 person-years) was 20 for the low-risk group, 47 for the intermediate-risk group, and 174 for the high-risk group. This latter group accounted for 54% of all lymphoma-related deaths. In conclusion, with the use of readily available factors, this prognostic index may be an effective tool for evaluating the need for treatment and the intensity of therapy in an individual patient. © 2006 by The American Society of Hematology

MicroRNA-127-3p controls murine hematopoietic stem cell maintenance by limiting differentiation

The balance between self-renewal and differentiation is crucial to ensure the homeostasis of the hematopoietic system, and is a hallmark of hematopoietic stem cells. However, the underlying molecular pathways, including the role of micro-RNA, are not completely understood. To assess the contribution of micro-RNA, we performed micro-RNA profiling of hematopoietic stem cells and their immediate downstream progeny multi-potent progenitors from wild-type control and Pbx1-conditional knockout mice, whose stem cells display a profound self-renewal defect. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis separated stem cells from multi-potent progenitors, suggesting that micro-RNA might regulate the first transition step in the adult hematopoietic development. Notably, Pbx1-deficient and wild-type cells clustered separately, linking micro-RNAs to self-renewal impairment. Differential expression analysis of micro-RNA in the physiological stem cell-to-multi-potent progenitor transition and in Pbx1-deficient stem cells compared to control stem cells revealed miR-127-3p as the most differentially expressed. Furthermore, miR-127-3p was strongly stem cell-specific, being quickly down-regulated upon differentiation and not re-expressed further downstream in the bone marrow hematopoietic hierarchy. Inhibition of miR-127-3p function in Lineage-negative cells, achieved through a lentiviral-sponge vector, led to severe stem cell depletion, as assessed with serial transplantation assays. miR-127-3p-sponged stem cells displayed accelerated differentiation, which was uncoupled from proliferation, accounting for the observed stem cell reduction. miR-127-3p overexpression in Lineage-negative cells did not alter stem cell pool size, but gave rise to lymphopenia, likely due to lack of miR-127-3p physiological downregulation beyond the stem cell stage. Thus, tight regulation of miR-127-3p is crucial to preserve the self-renewing stem cell pool and homeostasis of the hematopoietic system

Climate change and local development

Se describe un proyecto que incluye características de la economía familiar, costumbres y tradiciones de pequeños productores de una comuna rural en la provincia de Tucumán. Considera dos líneas de acción: acciones sustentables y fortalecimiento de la asociación entre los habitantes, orientadas a la adaptación al cambio climático en una localidad donde el bosque nativo tiene una fuerte presencia. Los objetivos son: potenciar la coexistencia con el bosque, promover capacidades de la población introduciendo tecnologías amigables con el ambiente, obras de infraestructura y diversificación agrícola que fortalezcan las economías familiares, incorporando innovaciones que faciliten la mejora de la calidad de vida y la adaptación al cambio climático, fortaleciendo la sustentabilidad. El proyecto consta de los siguientes sub-proyectos: Desarrollo forestal integrado; Captación y aprovechamiento del agua para desarrollos productivos; Arquitectura sustentable y uso racional de energía; Fortalecimiento de actividades productivas sustentables; y Turismo campesino y promoción de la asociatividad.A project that includes characteristics of the household economy and traditions of small farmers in a rural commune in the province of Tucuman is described. It considers two lines of action: sustainable actions and strengthening the partnership between inhabitants, aimed at adapting to climate change at a location where the native forest has a strong presence. The objectives are: to promote coexistence with the forest, promote skills of the population by introducing environmentally friendly technologies, infrastructure and agricultural diversification that strengthen family economies, incorporating innovations that facilitate the improvement of quality of life and adaptation climate change, strengthening sustainability. The project consists of the following sub-projects: Integrated Forestry Development; Collection and utilization of water for productive development; Sustainable architecture and rational use of energy; Strengthening sustainable productive activities; and Peasant tourism and promotion of partnership.Eje: Sustentabilidad y accesibilidad (Comunicaciones).Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Climate change and local development

Se describe un proyecto que incluye características de la economía familiar, costumbres y tradiciones de pequeños productores de una comuna rural en la provincia de Tucumán. Considera dos líneas de acción: acciones sustentables y fortalecimiento de la asociación entre los habitantes, orientadas a la adaptación al cambio climático en una localidad donde el bosque nativo tiene una fuerte presencia. Los objetivos son: potenciar la coexistencia con el bosque, promover capacidades de la población introduciendo tecnologías amigables con el ambiente, obras de infraestructura y diversificación agrícola que fortalezcan las economías familiares, incorporando innovaciones que faciliten la mejora de la calidad de vida y la adaptación al cambio climático, fortaleciendo la sustentabilidad. El proyecto consta de los siguientes sub-proyectos: Desarrollo forestal integrado; Captación y aprovechamiento del agua para desarrollos productivos; Arquitectura sustentable y uso racional de energía; Fortalecimiento de actividades productivas sustentables; y Turismo campesino y promoción de la asociatividad.A project that includes characteristics of the household economy and traditions of small farmers in a rural commune in the province of Tucuman is described. It considers two lines of action: sustainable actions and strengthening the partnership between inhabitants, aimed at adapting to climate change at a location where the native forest has a strong presence. The objectives are: to promote coexistence with the forest, promote skills of the population by introducing environmentally friendly technologies, infrastructure and agricultural diversification that strengthen family economies, incorporating innovations that facilitate the improvement of quality of life and adaptation climate change, strengthening sustainability. The project consists of the following sub-projects: Integrated Forestry Development; Collection and utilization of water for productive development; Sustainable architecture and rational use of energy; Strengthening sustainable productive activities; and Peasant tourism and promotion of partnership.Eje: Sustentabilidad y accesibilidad (Comunicaciones).Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Climate change and local development

Se describe un proyecto que incluye características de la economía familiar, costumbres y tradiciones de pequeños productores de una comuna rural en la provincia de Tucumán. Considera dos líneas de acción: acciones sustentables y fortalecimiento de la asociación entre los habitantes, orientadas a la adaptación al cambio climático en una localidad donde el bosque nativo tiene una fuerte presencia. Los objetivos son: potenciar la coexistencia con el bosque, promover capacidades de la población introduciendo tecnologías amigables con el ambiente, obras de infraestructura y diversificación agrícola que fortalezcan las economías familiares, incorporando innovaciones que faciliten la mejora de la calidad de vida y la adaptación al cambio climático, fortaleciendo la sustentabilidad. El proyecto consta de los siguientes sub-proyectos: Desarrollo forestal integrado; Captación y aprovechamiento del agua para desarrollos productivos; Arquitectura sustentable y uso racional de energía; Fortalecimiento de actividades productivas sustentables; y Turismo campesino y promoción de la asociatividad.A project that includes characteristics of the household economy and traditions of small farmers in a rural commune in the province of Tucuman is described. It considers two lines of action: sustainable actions and strengthening the partnership between inhabitants, aimed at adapting to climate change at a location where the native forest has a strong presence. The objectives are: to promote coexistence with the forest, promote skills of the population by introducing environmentally friendly technologies, infrastructure and agricultural diversification that strengthen family economies, incorporating innovations that facilitate the improvement of quality of life and adaptation climate change, strengthening sustainability. The project consists of the following sub-projects: Integrated Forestry Development; Collection and utilization of water for productive development; Sustainable architecture and rational use of energy; Strengthening sustainable productive activities; and Peasant tourism and promotion of partnership.Eje: Sustentabilidad y accesibilidad (Comunicaciones).Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism