2,208 research outputs found
Existence and uniqueness of maximal regular flows for non-smooth vector fields
In this paper we provide a complete analogy between the Cauchy-Lipschitz and
the DiPerna-Lions theories for ODE's, by developing a local version of the
DiPerna-Lions theory. More precisely, we prove existence and uniqueness of a
maximal regular flow for the DiPerna-Lions theory using only local regularity
and summability assumptions on the vector field, in analogy with the classical
theory, which uses only local regularity assumptions. We also study the
behaviour of the ODE trajectories before the maximal existence time. Unlike the
Cauchy-Lipschitz theory, this behaviour crucially depends on the nature of the
bounds imposed on the spatial divergence of the vector field. In particular, a
global assumption on the divergence is needed to obtain a proper blow-up of the
trajectories.Comment: 38 page
Reply to: "The "pegylated" story continues ā Perhaps because both ends (Ī±2a and Ī±2b) are true?"
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Nonlinear model order reduction for problems with microstructure using mesh informed neural networks
Many applications in computational physics involve approximating problems
with microstructure, characterized by multiple spatial scales in their data.
However, these numerical solutions are often computationally expensive due to
the need to capture fine details at small scales. As a result, simulating such
phenomena becomes unaffordable for many-query applications, such as
parametrized systems with multiple scale-dependent features. Traditional
projection-based reduced order models (ROMs) fail to resolve these issues, even
for second-order elliptic PDEs commonly found in engineering applications. To
address this, we propose an alternative nonintrusive strategy to build a ROM,
that combines classical proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) with a suitable
neural network (NN) model to account for the small scales. Specifically, we
employ sparse mesh-informed neural networks (MINNs), which handle both spatial
dependencies in the solutions and model parameters simultaneously. We evaluate
the performance of this strategy on benchmark problems and then apply it to
approximate a real-life problem involving the impact of microcirculation in
transport phenomena through the tissue microenvironment
Evaporation of multicomponent fuel droplets in buoyancy driven convection
In this work, the evaporation process of multicomponent fuel droplets is analyzed, both from
an experimental and numerical point of view. The droplets are hanged on a thin thermocouple
against gravity and evaporated in natural convection regime, following the process by means of
high speed shadowgraphs. The experimental analyses were performed hierarchically, starting
from pure components (n-dodecane and n-hexadecane), then moving to their mixtures. The
numerical modeling is performed with the DropletSMOKE++ code, a comprehensive CFD
framework for the simulation of 3D evaporating droplets under gravity conditions. The
numerical results present a good agreement with the experimental data, especially if compared
with the same cased modeled in microgravity conditions. The difference evaporation rate is
analyzed as well as the different surface temperature, highlighting the important role of internal
and external convection on the evaporation process
Existence of Eulerian solutions to the semigeostrophic equations in physical space: the 2-dimensional periodic case
In this paper we use the new regularity and stability estimates for
Alexandrov solutions to Monge-Ampere equations estabilished by G.De Philippis
and A.Figalli to provide a global in time existence of distributional solutions
to a semigeostrophic equation on the 2-dimensional torus, under very mild
assumptions on the initial data. A link with Lagrangian solutions is also
discussed.Comment: 16 pages, no figure
Ribavirin Impairs Salivary gland function During Combination Treatment With Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2a In HEpatitis C patients
Background: Xerostomia is a common adverse event of unknown etiology observed during pegylated interferon (PegIFN)/Ribavirin (Rbv) treatment.
Objectives: To assess the frequency and mechanisms of xerostomia during PegIFN/Rbv therapy.
Patients and Methods: Thirty-one naive patients with chronic hepatitis C consecutively received PegIFN-alpha 2a (180 mu g/week) plus Rbv (800-1200 mg/day). The controls were 10 patients with chronic hepatitis B who received PegIFN-alpha 2a (180 mu g/week). During treatment and follow-up, all patients underwent basal and masticatory stimulated sialometry, otorhinolaryngoiatric (ORL) examination, and a questionnaire survey to subjectively assess symptoms of oral dryness.
Results: Twenty-seven patients on PegIFN/Rbv and 4 on PegIFN (87% vs. 40%, P = 0.006) reported xerostomia. Thirty patients on PegIFN/Rbv combination therapy and 2 patients on monotherapy had ORL signs of salivary gland hypofunction (97% vs. 20%, P < 0.0001). Mean basal (A) and stimulated (B) salivary flow rates (mL/min) progressively decreased during PegIFN/Rbv treatment (A, 0.49 at baseline vs. 0.17 at the end of treatment, P < 0.0001; B,1.24 at baseline vs. 0.53 at the end of treatment, P = 0.0004). At week 24 following PegIFN/Rbv treatment, salivary flow rates were similar to baseline (A, 0.53 at the end of follow-up vs. 0.49 at baseline; B,1.19 at the end of follow-up vs. 1.24 at baseline). Salivary function was unaffected in monotherapy patients.
Conclusions: Rbv causes salivary gland hypofunction in hepatitis C patients receiving PegIFN/Rbv therapy, which promptly reverts to normal upon cessation of treatment
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