Irreducible Fractures And Dislocations of the Ankle Associated With Entrapment of the Posterior Tibial Tendon within the Tibiofibular Interosseous Space: A Case Series and Literature Review

Medical Schoolhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/170655/1/EricColomb_1.docxhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/170655/2/EricColomb_2.pptxhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/170655/3/EricColomb_3.pd

Tissue- specific angiogenic and invasive properties of human neonatal thymus and bone MSCs: Role of SLIT3- ROBO1

Although mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are being explored in numerous clinical trials as proangiogenic and proregenerative agents, the influence of tissue origin on the therapeutic qualities of these cells is poorly understood. Complicating the functional comparison of different types of MSCs are the confounding effects of donor age, genetic background, and health status of the donor. Leveraging a clinical setting where MSCs can be simultaneously isolated from discarded but healthy bone and thymus tissues from the same neonatal patients, thereby controlling for these confounding factors, we performed an in vitro and in vivo paired comparison of these cells. We found that both neonatal thymus (nt)MSCs and neonatal bone (nb)MSCs expressed different pericytic surface marker profiles. Further, ntMSCs were more potent in promoting angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo and they were also more motile and efficient at invading ECM in vitro. These functional differences were in part mediated by an increased ntMSC expression of SLIT3, a factor known to activate endothelial cells. Further, we discovered that SLIT3 stimulated MSC motility and fibrin gel invasion via ROBO1 in an autocrine fashion. Consistent with our findings in human MSCs, we found that SLIT3 and ROBO1 were expressed in the perivascular cells of the neonatal murine thymus gland and that global SLIT3 or ROBO1 deficiency resulted in decreased neonatal murine thymus gland vascular density. In conclusion, ntMSCs possess increased proangiogenic and invasive behaviors, which are in part mediated by the paracrine and autocrine effects of SLIT3.Comparison of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) from the human neonatal thymus and bone revealed that the axon guidance molecule SLIT3 is important for MSC proangiogenic effects. Not only is SLIT3 an endothelial cell stimulatory factor, but it also promotes MSC migration and invasion in an autocrine fashion via the ROBO1 receptor. Deficiency of either SLIT3 or ROBO1 can decrease the vascularization of the neonatal thymus.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156475/2/sct312723_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156475/1/sct312723.pd

MASC 2.0, un outil d'évaluation multicritère pour estimer la contribution des systèmes de culture au développement durable

International audienceCurrent changes in the field of agriculture encourage stakeholders to envision new and moresustainable production methods. For this purpose, tools are needed to assess the proposed or newlydesigned solutions before they are taken to the fields and disseminated. MASC 2.0 is a multi-criteriaassessment tool designed to assess the performance of cropping systems in terms of theirsustainability. It was based on a decision support system (DEXi) which aggregates 39 qualitative criteriain a single tree. This tool applies to a wide range of situations. It can therefore be used to identify thebest cropping systems in a given territory (ex post assessment) or design prototypes of croppingsystems (ex ante assessment). Thanks to its flexibility, MASC 2.0 offers users the opportunity topropose their own vision of sustainable development by changing the weight given to each evaluationcriterion. Its friendly and simple interface makes this tool a privileged support for exchanges andmediation between researchers, extension workers, farmers, and public authorities. Its main drawbacksare the time spent to fill in all the criteria and the inherent limitations related to the given scale (croppingsystem) in relation to the larger scales more often used to handle sustainable development issues.Les changements actuels du contexte agricole encouragent les différents acteurs à réfléchir à de nouveaux modes de production plus durables. Pour y parvenir, des outils sont nécessaires pour évaluer les solutions identifiées ou nouvellement conçues avant leur expérimentation et leur diffusion. MASC 2.0 est un outil d'évaluation multicritère des performances des systèmes de cultures assolées du point de vue de leur contribution au développement durable. Il a été développé sur un logiciel d'aide à la décision DEXi qui agrège dans une arborescence les 39 critères qualitatifs retenus pour l'évaluation. MASC 2.0 peut être utilisé pour repérer les systèmes actuels les plus performants dans un contexte donné (évaluation a posteriori). Il permet aussi de classer des systèmes de culture conçus par prototypage (évaluation a priori). Par sa flexibilité, MASC 2.0 offre la possibilité aux utilisateurs de décliner leur propre vision du développement durable en modifiant le poids accordé à chaque critère d'évaluation. L'interface du modèle, conviviale et simple d'utilisation, en fait un support d'échanges et de médiation privilégié entre chercheurs, conseillers agricoles, agriculteurs et pouvoirs publics. Ses principaux inconvénients résident dans le temps nécessaire pour renseigner tous les critères et dans les limites intrinsèques liées à l'échelle considérée pour traiter des questions de développement durable, souvent abordées à des échelles plus larges

Particle and VOC emission factor measurements for anthropogenic sources in West Africa

A number of campaigns have been carried out to establish the emission factors of pollutants from fuel combustion in West Africa, as part of work package 2 ("Air Pollution and Health") of the DACCIWA (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa) FP7 program. Emission sources considered here include wood (hevea and iroko) and charcoal burning, charcoal making, open trash burning, and vehicle emissions, including trucks, cars, buses and two-wheeled vehicles. Emission factors of total particulate matter (TPM), elemental carbon (EC), primary organic carbon (OC) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been established. In addition, emission factor measurements were performed in combustion chambers in order to reproduce field burning conditions for a tropical hardwood (hevea), and obtain particulate emission factors by size (PM0.25, PM1, PM2.5 and PM10). Particle samples were collected on quartz fiber filters and analyzed using gravimetric method for TPM and thermal methods for EC and OC. The emission factors of 58 VOC species were determined using offline sampling on a sorbent tube. Emission factor results for two species of tropical hardwood burning of EC, OC and TPM are 0.98 ± 0.46 g kg-1 of fuel burned (g kg-1), 11.05 ± 4.55 and 41.12 ± 24.62 g kg-1, respectively. For traffic sources, the highest emission factors among particulate species are found for the two-wheeled vehicles with two-stroke engines (2.74 g kg-1 fuel for EC, 65.11 g kg-1 fuel for OC and 496 g kg-1 fuel for TPM). The largest VOC emissions are observed for two-stroke two-wheeled vehicles, which are up to 3 times higher than emissions from light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles. Isoprene and monoterpenes, which are usually associated with biogenic emissions, are present in almost all anthropogenic sources investigated during this work and could be as significant as aromatic emissions in wood burning (1 g kg-1 fuel). EC is primarily emitted in the ultrafine fraction, with 77 % of the total mass being emitted as particles smaller than 0.25 μm. The particles and VOC emission factors obtained in this study are generally higher than those in the literature whose values are discussed in this paper. This study underlines the important role of in situ measurements in deriving realistic and representative emission factors

Transformative sensemaking: Development in Whose Image? Keyan Tomaselli and the semiotics of visual representation

The defining and distinguishing feature of homo sapiens is its ability to make sense of the world, i.e. to use its intellect to understand and change both itself and the world of which it is an integral part. It is against this backdrop that this essay reviews Tomaselli's 1996 text, Appropriating Images: The Semiotics of Visual Representation/ by summarizing his key perspectives, clarifying his major operational concepts and citing particular portions from his work in support of specific perspectives on sense-making. Subsequently, this essay employs his techniques of sense-making to interrogate the notion of "development". This exercise examines and confirms two interrelated hypotheses: first, a semiotic analysis of the privileged notion of "development" demonstrates its metaphysical/ ideological, and thus limiting, nature especially vis-a-vis the marginalized, excluded, and the collective other, the so-called Developing Countries. Second, the interrogative nature of semiotics allows for an alternative reading and application of human potential or skills in the quest of a more humane social and global order, highlighting thereby the transformative implications of a reflexive epistemology.Web of Scienc

Construire une image globale des performances des systèmes de cultures par le biais d’une évaluation multicritère. Buts, principes généraux et exemple

L’évaluation multicritère ex post de systèmes de cultures existants a pour objet principal l’élaboration d’une image globale et argumentée sur le degré de satisfaction des objectifs assignés à ces derniers, dans les différents domaines de durabilité économique, sociale et agroenvironnementale. Cette image, composite et intersubjective par son mode d’élaboration, est un préalable à la recherche de solutions innovantes pour améliorer les performances des systèmes, qui combineront des leviers afférant à différents niveaux d’organisation pour être durables. Ce document rappelle l’enchainement des grandes phases nécessaires à l’élaboration d’une telle image globale, par le biais d’une évaluation multicritère reposant sur un modèle hiérarchique d’indicateurs qualitatifs tel que MASC. La richesse des éléments diagnostics qui peuvent composer l’image globale à l’issue de l’évaluation est illustrée à partir d’une expérience réelle d’évaluation de systèmes de grandes cultures biologiques conduite en Midi-Pyrénées

Diversité du génome mitochondrial égyptien, migrations autour du bassin méditerranéen

De par sa situation géographique, charnière entre les continents africain et asiatique, l Egypte a joué un rôle primordial dans les migrations humaines, comme en témoignent les données archéologiques et anthropologiques. La diversité mitochondriale des populations égyptiennes dévoile une composante subsaharienne répartie selon un gradient Nord-Sud, commun aux populations du Nord de l Afrique, qui est probablement le résultat d une migration récente, comme le suggèrent les résultats de l étude de la population ancienne de Taforalt (Maroc, 12 000 ans). Les populations égyptiennes ont conservé des marqueurs ancestraux, dont l haplogroupe strictement Est Africain M1 et l haplogroupe africain L3*. La persistance de ces haplogroupes (M1 et L3*) dans les populations égyptiennes et djiboutiennes montre que le passage par le Levant a été emprunté de façon plus épisodique que continue. Barrière ou véritable porte ouverte de l Afrique, le rôle du Levant devrait être précisé par l étude des populations nomades du SinaïSince Egypt is located between the African and Asian continents, it represent an important place with regard to human migrations, as showed by the archaeological and anthropological data. The mitochondrial DNA diversity of Egyptian populations reveals a sub-Saharan component distributed according to a North-South gradient, common to the Northern African populations, which is probably the result of a recent migration, as suggested by the study of the specimens of Taforalt (Morocco, 12 000 years BP). Egyptian populations have kept an ancestral genetic background, such as the ancestral East African M1 haplogroup and the African L3* haplogroup. The persistence of both the M1 and L3* haplogroups in the Egyptian and Djiboutian populations shows that the passageway by the Levant most probably occurred episodically rather than continuously. The study of Sinaï populations may help to determine with greater accurancy if the Sinai had acted as a barrier or an opened door to human migrationsAIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Stockless organic farming: strengths and weaknesses evidenced by a multicriteria sustainability assessment model

Agronomists need methodologies to assess the sustainability of cropping systems. Few models such as MASC have been recently developed for evaluation. The effective use of those models is still a challenge, notably for low-input systems. Here a more specific model entitled MASC-OF was developed and applied to study stockless organic cropping systems. The MASC-OF model is original because it is based on agricultural advisers’ needs and expertises. Two groups of advisers supported by agronomic scientists were involved in a nine-step methodology to progress from preliminary meetings to data analysis. The methodology allowed advisers to design a model including their own views on what is a sustainable organic cropping system. Soil fertility and weed and pest control were integrated as a new branch in the original MASC model. We also developed evaluation criteria for each basic attribute, defining aggregation rules and weighting attributes. Tested case studies were based on 44 real cropping systems identified on 19 farms in the Midi-Pyrenees region of France and on 23 cropping system types developed by the advisers from the Centre, Ile-de-France, Pays de Loire, Poitou-Charentes and Rhône-Alpes regions of France. Our results show that a high score of economic sustainability is the most difficult to achieve. This finding is explained by low productivity of cereal crops and high variability of market prices for organic grain. Further, agronomic viability is also difficult to ensure, as a consequence of poor soil-fertility management practices. The ability to achieve social acceptability for the producer, including workload and health risk, is high. By contrast, acceptability for the society has a medium score due to reduced productivity and contribution to local employment. Environmental sustainability is the easiest dimension to achieve, despite nitrogen-loss risks in some situations and high water and energy consumption in irrigated systems. Overall our findings show that the potential for the development of more sustainable organic cropping systems in stockless farms is high

Risky driving in fog : Psychological explanations

Fog doubles the risk of accidents and modifies driving behaviour in a way that leads to greater risk-taking. Traffic studies indicate that most drivers adopt excessive speeds and insufficient headways in foggy conditions. Yet our understanding of the psychological processes underlying this common but unsuitable behaviour, and ghe effectiveness of road safety measures, remain limited. Two main hypotheses have been put forward. The first one stemming from social psychology, evokes a deterioration of social communication between drivers in fog and explains risky behaviour by processes of social comparison and psychological reactance. The second one, proceeding from cognitive psychology, refers to perceptual difficulties. The reduction of visibility and preview distance bears on obstacle detection and trajectory control. The drastic reduction of visual information and in particular contrast attenuation, is likely to affect speed and distance perception as well as visual thresholds of motion perception. This paper proposes to examine the existing experimental evidence and to evaluate the importance of the various psychological processes in the emergence of risky behaviour in fog

Risky driving in fog : Psychological explanations

Fog doubles the risk of accidents and modifies driving behaviour in a way that leads to greater risk-taking. Traffic studies indicate that most drivers adopt excessive speeds and insufficient headways in foggy conditions. Yet our understanding of the psychological processes underlying this common but unsuitable behaviour, and ghe effectiveness of road safety measures, remain limited. Two main hypotheses have been put forward. The first one stemming from social psychology, evokes a deterioration of social communication between drivers in fog and explains risky behaviour by processes of social comparison and psychological reactance. The second one, proceeding from cognitive psychology, refers to perceptual difficulties. The reduction of visibility and preview distance bears on obstacle detection and trajectory control. The drastic reduction of visual information and in particular contrast attenuation, is likely to affect speed and distance perception as well as visual thresholds of motion perception. This paper proposes to examine the existing experimental evidence and to evaluate the importance of the various psychological processes in the emergence of risky behaviour in fog