Desempleo e Inactividad Juvenil en Chile

This article analyzes the occupational and educational choices among males in the 18-24 age group in Chile. The decision to work, for those who do not study, is analyzed jointly with the decision to study, in order to avoid selection bias. Results confirmYoung unemployment, human capital, educational choice, self selection, Chile

Escalamiento de cargos de acceso e incentivos a la predación de un operador de telefonía local integrado verticalmente

En este artículo se discuten los efectos de escalar los cargos de acceso por sobre los costos marginales en los incentivos de un operador de telefonía local integrado verticalmente a implementar una práctica de precios predatorios en algunos de los servicios desregulados (e.g., larga distancia, internet). Utilizando un modelo de Hotelling de competencia en precios entre dos empresas, encontramos que los incentivos a la predación caen con el escalamiento. Aunque el escalamiento hace menos costosa la predación, éste a su vez, hace menos atractiva la predación, ya que las utilidades de las empresas en el equilibrio duopólico son mayores. Este último efecto siempre domina al efecto de menor costo.

Posibilidades de Competencia en el Sector Educacional Subvencionado

The Chilean voucher system implemented during the eighties, allows parents to choose between municipal and private subsidized schools. Its main purpose was to improve the quality and efficiency of education. Despite the improvements suggested by some indiVouchers, non profit institutions, share financial arrangement

Olefin Purification and Selective Hydrogenation of Alkynes with Low Loaded Pd Nanoparticle Catalysts

The catalytic performance of Pd-nanoparticle catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of alkynes at mild conditions (150 kPa and 303 K) was evaluated. A Lindlar commercial catalyst was also tested for comparison. The effects of acidity, amount of active sites and dispersion on the catalytic activity and selectivity were studied. At mild conditions, Pd-nanoparticle catalysts were considerably more active and slightly more selective than the Lindlar catalyst. The best synthesized catalyst for the purification of 1-pentene was Pd/Al2O3-Mg (r0 = 41.1 mol gPd–1 min–1, 94% selectivity). The activity and selectivity of Pd/CaCO3 were similar to those of the Lindlar catalyst. The smallest particle sizes (3–4.5 nm) favored the dissociative adsorption of hydrogen over Pd° active sites and a good catalytic behavior. The weaker acid centers (Lewis) of Pd/Al2O3-Mg and Pd/CaCO3 favored higher selectivities to the desired alkene. Pd/Al2O3 was the most active catalyst but also the least selective. This was due to strong acid sites, remnant Bronsted acid sites, which provide extra hydrogen that favors the alkyne hydrogenation rate and also the undesired overhydrogenation of the alkene and/or the isomerization.The financial support provided by UNL (Grants CAI+D 50420150100074LI and 50420150100028LI), CONICET (Grant PIP 11220130100457CO), and ANPCyT (Grant PICT 2016 1453) are acknowledged

Effect of the presence of chlorine in bimetallic PtZn/CeO2 catalysts for the vapor-phase hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde

The effect of the reduction temperature has been studied on ceria-supported bimetallic platinum–zinc catalysts prepared from H2PtCl6 and Pt(NH3)4(NO3)2 as the platinum precursors and Zn(NO3)2 as the zinc precursor. The catalysts have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and their catalytic behavior has been evaluated in the vapor-phase hydrogenation of toluene and of crotonaldehyde (2-butenal) after reduction at low (473 K) and high (773 K) temperatures. The increase in the reduction temperature produces a strong decrease in the catalytic activity for toluene hydrogenation in both systems, but an important increase of activity for crotonaldehyde hydrogenation, which is more evident for the chlorine-free catalyst. The selectivity towards the hydrogenation of the carbonyl bond to yield the unsaturated alcohol (crotyl alcohol, 2-buten-1-ol) also increases after reduction at high temperature, being somewhat higher for the Cl-containing catalyst. The results are discussed in terms of differences in surface composition of the catalysts.C.I.C.Y.T. (Project BQU 2000-0467)

Tarificación Eléctrica en Presencia de Economías de Escala: Diferenciación Horaria

Electricity tariffs based on marginal-cost pricing allow efficient operation and investment decisions provided technology exhibits constant or decreasing returns to scale. This paper analyzed the case of an infrastructure -a natural gas pipeline- that exh

Los Costos de Despido: el Efecto de las Indemnizaciones por Años de Servicio

The purpose of this paper is lo analyze the incidence of firing costs, specifically severance payments, on the path of wages, job length, and job creation over an intertemporal context. This was an important topic in the discussion about labor reforms in

Platinum supported on highly-dispersed ceria on activated carbon for the total oxidation of VOCs

Catalysts consisting in platinum supported on cerium oxide highly dispersed on activated carbon, with a Pt loading of 1 wt.% and ceria loadings of 5, 10 and 20 wt.% have been prepared by impregnation method and characterized by several techniques (N2 adsorption at 77 K, ICP, XRD, H2-TPR and XPS). Their catalytic behavior has been evaluated in the total oxidation of ethanol and toluene after reduction at 473 K. The obtained results show that the prepared catalysts have better performances than platinum supported on bulk CeO2. The best catalytic performance was obtained for 10 wt.% ceria loading, likely due to an optimum synergistic interaction between highly dispersed cerium oxide and platinum particles. Pt-10Ce/C achieves total conversion of ethanol and toluene to CO2 at 433 K and 453 K, respectively, and shows no deactivation during a test for 100 h. Under humid conditions (relative humidity, RH, of 40 and 80%), the activity was only slightly influenced due to the hydrophobic character of the activated carbon support, which prevents the adsorption of water.Financial support from Generalitat Valenciana (Spain, PROMETEO/2009/002-FEDER and PROMETEOII/2014/004) is gratefully acknowledged