Percepción de los escolares sobre los accidentes y las lesiones accidentales

Antecedentes/Objetivos: Las lesiones no intencionales constituyen la primera causa de muerte en la población infantil española (1-14 años) con una tasa de mortalidad de 6,5 por 100.000 niñas/os. Según datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de 2006, la incidencia acumulada de lesiones accidentales en el último año previo a la encuesta fue de 10,6% de las/os niños entrevistadas/os, más frecuente en niños (51,4%) que en niñas (48,6%). Los accidentes se produjeron con mayor frecuencia en casa (29%), en la calle (23%) y en la escuela (22%). Pocos estudios han investigado la perspectiva de las/os niñas/os sobre las lesiones accidentales que sufren. El objetivo del estudio es explorar, describir y categorizar las percepciones de las/os niñas/os sobre las lesiones accidentales y las explicaciones de los accidentes que hayan podido experimentar. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio mediante análisis cualitativo sobre la percepción de salud de la población infantil. Los datos se obtuvieron de 6 grupos de discusión de entre 8 a 10 niños/as formados en 2006 mediante muestreo teórico intencional de niños/as de edades entre 8 y 12 años de 3º y 6º curso de primaria de colegios públicos y concertados de Alicante con los criterios de inclusión: Centro público/concertado; Zona centro o residencial/zona de clase trabajadora; Niños/niñas/grupo mixto; Tercero y Sexto de primaria. Los discursos fueron grabados, transcritos y posteriormente analizados usando el programa ATLASTI.v.4.1 y aplicando los principios de la grounded theory. Dos investigadores identificaron una estructura temática y un proceso de codificación abierta revisada por un tercero para validar el proceso y determinar las categorías y subcategorías resultantes. Resultados: Los accidentes fue un tema emergente del análisis del discurso. Se identificaron las categorías y subcategorías: Conceptualización de accidente (a. Oposición a salud, “Un niño sano no se rompe nada” b. Asociado a enfermedad “Cuando te rompes la mano o la muñeca” c. Suceso inevitable “Es algo que no se puede prevenir”) Causa y tipo de lesiones (“Por mucho que me caiga sólo me he hecho moraos”) Lugares donde se producen accidentes (a. Escuela “El patio es plano y cuando juegas al futbol algún niño se cae” b. Otros “Me hice una fisura en la calle”) Sugerencias para evitar accidentes (a. Espacios escolares “Arreglar el suelo del patio” b. Conductas personales “Tener más cuidado”). Conclusiones: La población infantil sabe identificar los accidentes como problema de salud. Los percibe como inevitables aunque propone formas de evitarlos. Ayudar a los escolares a identificar las causas de los accidentes puede eliminar su percepción de inevitabilidad y fortalecer su capacidad para afrontarlos.Escuela Valenciana de Estudios en Salud. Generalitat Valenciana 044/2006

Megadepth: efficient coverage quantification for BigWigs and BAMs

Motivation A common way to summarize sequencing datasets is to quantify data lying within genes or other genomic intervals. This can be slow and can require different tools for different input file types. Results Megadepth is a fast tool for quantifying alignments and coverage for BigWig and BAM/CRAM input files, using substantially less memory than the next-fastest competitor. Megadepth can summarize coverage within all disjoint intervals of the Gencode V35 gene annotation for more than 19 000 GTExV8 BigWig files in approximately 1 h using 32 threads. Megadepth is available both as a command-line tool and as an R/Bioconductor package providing much faster quantification compared to the rtracklayer package. Availability and implementation https://github.com/ChristopherWilks/megadepth, https://bioconductor.org/packages/megadepth. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online

Olive oil consumption and all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality in an adult mediterranean population in Spain

Objective: We assessed the association between usual olive oil consumption (OOC) and all-cause, cardiovascular (CVD) and cancer mortality in an adult population in Spain. Materials and methods: OOC was evaluated at baseline in 1,567 participants aged 20 years and older from the Valencia Nutrition Study in Spain using validated food frequency questionnaires. During an 18-year follow-up period, 317 died, 115 due to CVD and 82 due to cancer. Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: After adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors, the OOC was associated with a lower risk of all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality. Compared to the less than once per month consumption, the consumption of up to one tablespoon per day was associated with a 9% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.91; 95%CI: 0.68-1.22) and the consumption of 2 or more tablespoons with a 31% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.69; 95%CI: 0.50–0.93; p-trend = 0.011). The consumption of 2 or more tablespoons per day was also associated with lower risk of mortality for CVD (HR: 0.54; 95%CI: 0.32–0.91; p-trend = 0.018) and cancer (HR: 0.49, 95%CI: 0.26–0.94; p-trend = 0.019). Conclusion: Higher olive oil consumption was associated with lower long-term risk of all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality in an adult Mediterranean population. The maximum benefit was observed for the consumption of two or more tablespoons per day. Copyright © 2022 Torres-Collado, García-de la Hera, Lopes, Compañ-Gabucio, Oncina-Cánovas, Notario-Barandiaran, González-Palacios and Vioque.The VNS study was supported by a grant from the Dirección General de Salud Pública, Generalitat Valenciana 1994 and the Fondo Investigacion Sanitaria (FIS 00/0985). This study has also received support from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III FEDER funds (FIS PI13/00654), CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), CB06/02/0013 and ISABIAL

Nonlinear software sensor for monitoring genetic regulation processes with noise and modeling errors

Nonlinear control techniques by means of a software sensor that are commonly used in chemical engineering could be also applied to genetic regulation processes. We provide here a realistic formulation of this procedure by introducing an additive white Gaussian noise, which is usually found in experimental data. Besides, we include model errors, meaning that we assume we do not know the nonlinear regulation function of the process. In order to illustrate this procedure, we employ the Goodwin dynamics of the concentrations [B.C. Goodwin, Temporal Oscillations in Cells, (Academic Press, New York, 1963)] in the simple form recently applied to single gene systems and some operon cases [H. De Jong, J. Comp. Biol. 9, 67 (2002)], which involves the dynamics of the mRNA, given protein, and metabolite concentrations. Further, we present results for a three gene case in co-regulated sets of transcription units as they occur in prokaryotes. However, instead of considering their full dynamics, we use only the data of the metabolites and a designed software sensor. We also show, more generally, that it is possible to rebuild the complete set of nonmeasured concentrations despite the uncertainties in the regulation function or, even more, in the case of not knowing the mRNA dynamics. In addition, the rebuilding of concentrations is not affected by the perturbation due to the additive white Gaussian noise and also we managed to filter the noisy output of the biological systemComment: 21 pages, 7 figures; also selected in vjbio of August 2005; this version corrects a misorder in the last three references of the published versio

recount3: summaries and queries for large-scale RNA-seq expression and splicing

We present recount3, a resource consisting of over 750,000 publicly available human and mouse RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) samples uniformly processed by our new Monorail analysis pipeline. To facilitate access to the data, we provide the recount3 and snapcount R/Bioconductor packages as well as complementary web resources. Using these tools, data can be downloaded as study-level summaries or queried for specific exon-exon junctions, genes, samples, or other features. Monorail can be used to process local and/or private data, allowing results to be directly compared to any study in recount3. Taken together, our tools help biologists maximize the utility of publicly available RNA-seq data, especially to improve their understanding of newly collected data. recount3 is available from http://rna.recount.bio

Incomplete annotation has a disproportionate impact on our understanding of Mendelian and complex neurogenetic disorders

Growing evidence suggests that human gene annotation remains incomplete; however, it is unclear how this affects different tissues and our understanding of different disorders. Here, we detect previously unannotated transcription from Genotype-Tissue Expression RNA sequencing data across 41 human tissues. We connect this unannotated transcription to known genes, confirming that human gene annotation remains incomplete, even among well-studied genes including 63% of the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man–morbid catalog and 317 neurodegeneration-associated genes. We find the greatest abundance of unannotated transcription in brain and genes highly expressed in brain are more likely to be reannotated. We explore examples of reannotated disease genes, such as SNCA, for which we experimentally validate a previously unidentified, brain-specific, potentially protein-coding exon. We release all tissue-specific transcriptomes through vizER: http://rytenlab.com/browser/app/vizER. We anticipate that this resource will facilitate more accurate genetic analysis, with the greatest impact on our understanding of Mendelian and complex neurogenetic disorders

COPD Clinical Control: predictors and long-term follow-up of the CHAIN cohort

CHAIN Study Investigators.[Background] Control in COPD is a dynamic concept that can reflect changes in patients’ clinical status that may have prognostic implications, but there is no information about changes in control status and its long-term consequences.[Methods] We classified 798 patients with COPD from the CHAIN cohort as controlled/uncontrolled at baseline and over 5 years. We describe the changes in control status in patients over long-term follow-up and analyze the factors that were associated with longitudinal control patterns and related survival using the Cox hazard analysis.[Results] 134 patients (16.8%) were considered persistently controlled, 248 (31.1%) persistently uncontrolled and 416 (52.1%) changed control status during follow-up. The variables significantly associated with persistent control were not requiring triple therapy at baseline and having a better quality of life. Annual changes in outcomes (health status, psychological status, airflow limitation) did not differ in patients, regardless of clinical control status. All-cause mortality was lower in persistently controlled patients (5.5% versus 19.1%, p = 0.001). The hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 2.274 (95% CI 1.394–3.708; p = 0.001). Regarding pharmacological treatment, triple inhaled therapy was the most common option in persistently uncontrolled patients (72.2%). Patients with persistent disease control more frequently used bronchodilators for monotherapy (53%) at recruitment, although by the end of the follow-up period, 20% had scaled up their treatment, with triple therapy being the most frequent therapeutic pattern.[Conclusions] The evaluation of COPD control status provides relevant prognostic information on survival. There is important variability in clinical control status and only a small proportion of the patients had persistently good control. Changes in the treatment pattern may be relevant in the longitudinal pattern of COPD clinical control. Further studies in other populations should validate our results.[Trial registration] Clinical Trials.gov: identifier NCT01122758.This study has been funded by AstraZeneca.Peer reviewe

Efecto de la concentración de 2,4-D en la formación de embriones somáticos en variedades cubanas de soya

Developing new breeding programs of soybean crops needs an efficient systems for plants regeneration. Eventhough due this is impossible taking into account its genotype dependent condition. This study aimed to: determine the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) concentration in the formation of somatic embryos in soybean Cuban varieties (Incasoy-1, Incasoy-24, Incasoy-27 and lncasoy-35). .mmature cotyledons were used as plant material. Three treatmentswere established according tothe concentrations of 2,4-D (30, 40 and 50 mg l1). The number of somatic embryos per immature cotyledon were evaluated after 30 days. The necessary concentration of 2,4-D to obtain the mayor formation of embryos depended on the genotypes (30 mg l1 for Incasoy-24; 40 mg l- for lncasoy-27 and lncasoy-35; 40 and 50 mg M for rIcasoy-1). Dependdng oo the results obtained the concentration 40 mg í1 forthe cuban varieties was selected The lncasoy-24 was the exception since it responded betterwith a concentration of 30 mg r1. These results favorthe development of new programs for genetic breedig of soybeans in Cuba.Keywords: somatic embryogenesis, Glycine max, plants regenerationEn el cultivo de la soya para desarrollar nuevos programas de mejoramiento genético, es necesario contar con sistemas eficientes de regeneración de plantas, sin embargo por su condición genotipo dependiente no es posible aplicar los desarrollados previamente. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo: determinar el efecto de la concentración de ácido 2,4 diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) en la formación de embriones somáticos en las variedades cubanas de soya (Incasoy-1, Incasoy-24, Incasoy-27e Incasoy-35). Como material vegetal se utilizaron cotiledones inmaduros. Se establecieron tres tratamientos según la concentración de 2,4-D (30, 40 y 50 mg l1). A los 30 días se cuantificó el número de embriones somáticos formados por cotiledón inmaduro. La concentración de 2,4-D requerida para obtener la mayor formación de embriones somáticos en las variedades cubanas de soya varió en dependencia del qenotipo (30 mg í1 para Incasoy-24' 40 mg M para Incasoy-27 e Incasoy-35' 40 y 50 mg l1 para Incasoy-1) Sobre la base de los resultados se seleccionó la concentración de 40 mg l*1 para las variedades cubanas con excepción de la Incasoy-24 que respondió mejor a una concentración de 30 mgr1. Estos resultados pueden contribuir al desarrollo de nuevos programas para el mejoramiento genético de la soya en Cuba.Palabras clave: embriogénesis somática, Glycine max, regeneración de planta

Efecto de la concentración de 2,4-D en la formación de embriones somáticos en variedades cubanas de soya

Developing new breeding programs of soybean crops needs an efficient systems for plants regeneration. Eventhough due this is impossible taking into account its genotype dependent condition. This study aimed to: determine the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) concentration in the formation of somatic embryos in soybean Cuban varieties (Incasoy-1, Incasoy-24, Incasoy-27 and lncasoy-35). .mmature cotyledons were used as plant material. Three treatmentswere established according tothe concentrations of 2,4-D (30, 40 and 50 mg l1). The number of somatic embryos per immature cotyledon were evaluated after 30 days. The necessary concentration of 2,4-D to obtain the mayor formation of embryos depended on the genotypes (30 mg l1 for Incasoy-24; 40 mg l- for lncasoy-27 and lncasoy-35; 40 and 50 mg M for rIcasoy-1). Dependdng oo the results obtained the concentration 40 mg í1 forthe cuban varieties was selected The lncasoy-24 was the exception since it responded betterwith a concentration of 30 mg r1. These results favorthe development of new programs for genetic breedig of soybeans in Cuba.Keywords: somatic embryogenesis, Glycine max, plants regenerationEn el cultivo de la soya para desarrollar nuevos programas de mejoramiento genético, es necesario contar con sistemas eficientes de regeneración de plantas, sin embargo por su condición genotipo dependiente no es posible aplicar los desarrollados previamente. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo: determinar el efecto de la concentración de ácido 2,4 diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) en la formación de embriones somáticos en las variedades cubanas de soya (Incasoy-1, Incasoy-24, Incasoy-27e Incasoy-35). Como material vegetal se utilizaron cotiledones inmaduros. Se establecieron tres tratamientos según la concentración de 2,4-D (30, 40 y 50 mg l1). A los 30 días se cuantificó el número de embriones somáticos formados por cotiledón inmaduro. La concentración de 2,4-D requerida para obtener la mayor formación de embriones somáticos en las variedades cubanas de soya varió en dependencia del qenotipo (30 mg í1 para Incasoy-24' 40 mg M para Incasoy-27 e Incasoy-35' 40 y 50 mg l1 para Incasoy-1) Sobre la base de los resultados se seleccionó la concentración de 40 mg l*1 para las variedades cubanas con excepción de la Incasoy-24 que respondió mejor a una concentración de 30 mgr1. Estos resultados pueden contribuir al desarrollo de nuevos programas para el mejoramiento genético de la soya en Cuba.Palabras clave: embriogénesis somática, Glycine max, regeneración de planta