A study of personalisation and the factors affecting the uptake of personal budgets by mental health service users in the UK - A research study commissioned by MIND

This project was commissioned by Mind to add to its knowledge base and existing work on Personalisation so as to support individuals to have greater choice and control over their care and support needs. The project was funded by the Department of Health as part of its Strategic Development fund „Personalisation and Choice of Care and Support (IESD1) 2011‟. This report provides an overview of the main findings of this qualitative study, exploring the concept of personalisation, the factors affecting its operationalisation by voluntary and statutory sector organisations, and service users‟ experiences of its implementation, particularly in relation to what affects their uptake and experience of Personal Budgets. In the course of our investigation into current practice and experience, we have identified a number of barriers and enablers. Our view is that the impact of effective action to tackle the barriers will result in an improved experience of the Personal Budget process and its outcomes for carers and front line staff as well as service users. Recommendations are made for future work in this area

Cascade oxime formation, cyclization to a nitrone, and intermolecular dipolar cycloaddition.

Simple haloaldehydes, including enolisable aldehydes, were found to be suitable for the formation of cyclic products by cascade (domino) condensation, cyclisation, dipolar cycloaddition chemistry. This multi-component reaction approach to heterocyclic compounds was explored by using hydroxylamine, a selection of aldehydes, and a selection of activated dipolarophiles. Initial condensation gives intermediate oximes that undergo cyclisation with displacement of halide to give intermediate nitrones; these nitrones undergo in situ intermolecular dipolar cycloaddition reactions to give isoxazolidines. The cycloadducts from using dimethyl fumarate were treated with zinc/acetic acid to give lactam products and this provides an easy way to prepare pyrrolizinones, indolizinones, and pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolinones. The chemistry is illustrated with a very short synthesis of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid macronecine and a formal synthesis of petasinecine

Cascade cyclization and intramolecular nitrone dipolar cycloaddition and formal synthesis of 19-hydroxyibogamine

A cascade or domino sequence of condensation of hydroxylamine and an aldehyde to give an oxime, cyclization to a nitrone, and intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition has been successfully employed where there is branching at C-4 as a route to the iboga alkaloids. Cyclization occurs with displacement of chloride as a leaving group and intramolecular cycloaddition occurs with an alkene as a dipolarophile. The reaction gives an azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane product containing a fused isoxazolidine as a single stereoisomer and this was converted to an isoquinuclidine that completed a formal synthesis of the alkaloid (±)-19-hydroxyibogamine

Preparation of 1-Substituted Tetrahydro-beta-carbolines by Lithiation-Substitution

A method to prepare 1-substituted N-Boctetrahydro-β-carbolines was developed by lithiation followed by electrophilic substitution. The deprotonation to give the organolithium was optimized by in situ IR spectroscopy and showed that the Boc group rotates slowly at low temperature. The chemistry was applied to the synthesis of 9-methyleleagnine (N-methyltetrahydroharman) and 11-methylharmicine

Regiochemical and Stereochemical Studies of the Intramolecular Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrones Derived from Quaternary Aldehydes

Three aldehydes each with a quaternary α-carbon stereocentre bearing an alkenyl, a phenyl, and a methyl ester group were treated with N-methylhydroxylamine. In each case bicyclic isoxazolidine products were formed by condensation to give intermediate nitrones that undergo intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition. The stereoselectivity was influenced by the α-carbonyl substituent, possibly by a hydrogen bond between CO and a nearby CH of the nitrone in the transition state (supported by DFT and X-ray studies), and the regioselectivity was affected by the length of the tether and by the presence of an ester on the alkene dipolarophile

Registration of Title to Land in the Former Special Areas of Kenya.

In 1956 the colonial government of Kenya embarked upon a programme of land consolidation and registration in the Native Lands, subsequently known as the Special Areas. Although the programme initially made little headway outside the Kikuyu Land Unit, it has, since Kenya became independent in 19631 been presented with great vigour and now covers all but the most thinly populated areas of the country. From the outset the objectives of the programme have been various, political, social and economic, and although it has not been warmly welcomed in all areas of Kenya, it is generally considered to have been a success. It is the aim of this thesis to examine the operation of the programme and to assess its success in terms of its proclaimed objectives. While the thesis is written by a lawyer and necessarily relies to a considerable extent on traditional legal materials, the subject demands an inter disciplinary approach; it is impossible wholly to divorce legal issues from those of a political, social or economic nature. Indeed, at its most general, this is a study of the interaction of law and society, and the land consolidation and registration programme can be seen as an ambitious piece of social engineering. After an introductory chapter the process of land adjudication is examined as it was seen to operate in two areas of Kenya, one (chapter II) where individual titles were registered and one (chapter III) where group titles were registered. Chapters IV, V and VI deal with the consequences of land registration, the problems to which it has given rise and the successes which it has achieved. Finally chapter VIII looks at the land control system in Kenya, a system which is designed to further official land policies and could profoundly affect the working of the land registration programme. The law is stated as at December 31st, 1974