97,407 research outputs found
Parametric Evolution for a Deformed Cavity
We consider a classically chaotic system that is described by a Hamiltonian
H(Q,P;x), where (Q,P) describes a particle moving inside a cavity, and x
controls a deformation of the boundary. The quantum-eigenstates of the system
are |n(x)>. We describe how the parametric kernel P(n|m) = , also
known as the local density of states, evolves as a function of x-x0. We
illuminate the non-unitary nature of this parametric evolution, the emergence
of non-perturbative features, the final non-universal saturation, and the
limitations of random-wave considerations. The parametric evolution is
demonstrated numerically for two distinct representative deformation processes.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, improved introduction, to be published in Phys.
Rev.
A New Source for Electroweak Baryogenesis in the MSSM
One of the most experimentally testable explanations for the origin of the
baryon asymmetry of the universe is that it was created during the electroweak
phase transition, in the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Previous
efforts have focused on the current for the difference of the two Higgsino
fields, , as the source of biasing sphalerons to create the baryon
asymmetry. We point out that the current for the orthogonal linear combination,
, is larger by several orders of magnitude. Although this increases
the efficiency of electroweak baryogenesis, we nevertheless find that large
CP-violating angles are required to get a large enough baryon
asymmetry.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures; numerical error corrected, which implies that
large CP violation is needed to get observed baryon asymmetry. We improved
solution of diffusion equations, and computed more accurate values for
diffusion coefficient and damping rate
Marginal distributions in -dimensional phase space and the quantum marginal theorem
We study the problem of constructing a probability density in 2N-dimensional
phase space which reproduces a given collection of joint probability
distributions as marginals. Only distributions authorized by quantum mechanics,
i.e. depending on a (complete) commuting set of variables, are considered.
A diagrammatic or graph theoretic formulation of the problem is developed. We
then exactly determine the set of ``admissible'' data, i.e. those types of data
for which the problem always admits solutions. This is done in the case where
the joint distributions originate from quantum mechanics as well as in the case
where this constraint is not imposed. In particular, it is shown that a
necessary (but not sufficient) condition for the existence of solutions is
. When the data are admissible and the quantum constraint is not
imposed, the general solution for the phase space density is determined
explicitly. For admissible data of a quantum origin, the general solution is
given in certain (but not all) cases. In the remaining cases, only a subset of
solutions is obtained.Comment: 29 pages (Work supported by the Indo-French Centre for the Promotion
of Advanced Research, Project Nb 1501-02). v2 to add a report-n
Statistical Matrix for Electroweak Baryogenesis
In electroweak baryogenesis, a domain wall between the spontaneously broken
and unbroken phases acts as a separator of baryon (or lepton) number,
generating a baryon asymmetry in the universe. If the wall is thin relative to
plasma mean free paths, one computes baryon current into the broken phase by
determining the quantum mechanical transmission of plasma components in the
potential of the spatially changing Higgs VEV. We show that baryon current can
also be obtained using a statistical density operator. This new formulation of
the problem provides a consistent framework for studying the influence of
quasiparticle lifetimes on baryon current. We show that when the plasma has no
self-interactions, familiar results are reproduced. When plasma
self-interactions are included, the baryon current into the broken phase is
related to an imaginary time temperature Green's function.Comment: 20 pages, no figures, Late
The Spectra of Main Sequence Stars in Galactic Globular Clusters II. CH and CN Bands in M71
Spectra with a high signal-to-noise ratio of 79 stars which are just below
the main sequence turnoff of M71 are presented. They yield indices for the
strength of the G band of CH and the ultraviolet CN band at 3885 \AA. These
indices are each to first order bimodal and they are anti-correlated. There are
approximately equal numbers of CN weak/CH strong and CN strong/CH weak main
sequence stars in M71. It is not yet clear whether these star-to-star
variations arise from primordial variations or from mixing within a fraction of
individual stars as they evolve.Comment: Accepted for publication in the AJ to appear back to back with paper
I. 14 pages with 5 figure
Integrated-light Two Micron All Sky Survey infrared photometry of Galactic globular clusters
We have mosaicked Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) images to derive surface brightness profiles in J, H, and K_s for 104 Galactic globular clusters. We fit these with King profiles and show that the core radii are identical to within the errors for each of these IR colors and are identical to the core radii at V in essentially all cases. We derive integrated-light colors V-J, V-H, V-K_s, J-H, and J-Ks for these globular clusters. Each color shows a reasonably tight relation between the dereddened colors and metallicity. Fits to these are given for each color. The IR-IR colors have very small errors, due largely to the all-sky photometric calibration of the 2MASS survey, while the V-IR colors have substantially larger uncertainties. We find fairly good agreement with measurements of integrated-light colors for a smaller sample of Galactic globular clusters by M. Aaronson, M. Malkan, and D. Kleinmann from 1977. Our results provide a calibration for the integrated light of distant single-burst old stellar populations from very low to solar metallicities. A comparison of our dereddened measured colors with predictions from several models of the integrated light of single-burst old populations shows good agreement in the low-metallicity domain for V-K_s colors but also shows an offset at a fixed [Fe/H] of ~0.1 mag in J-K_s, which we ascribe to photometric system transformation issues. Some of the models fail to reproduce the behavior of the integrated-light colors of the Galactic globular clusters near solar metallicity
The instability of stellar structures intermediate between white dwarfs and neutron stars
Instability of stellar structures intermediate between dwarfs and neutron star
Shock Geometry and Spectral Breaks in Large SEP Events
Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are traditionally classified as "impulsive" or "gradual." It is now widely accepted that in gradual SEP events, particles are accelerated at coronal mass ejection-driven (CME-driven) shocks. In many of these large SEP events, particle spectra exhibit double power law or exponential rollover features, with the break energy or rollover energy ordered as (Q/A)^α, with Q being the ion charge in e and A the ion mass in units of proton mass m_p . This Q/A dependence of the spectral breaks provides an opportunity to study the underlying acceleration mechanism. In this paper, we examine how the Q/A dependence may depend on shock geometry. Using the nonlinear guiding center theory, we show that α ~ 1/5 for a quasi-perpendicular shock. Such a weak Q/A dependence is in contrast to the quasi-parallel shock case where α can reach 2. This difference in α reflects the difference of the underlying parallel and perpendicular diffusion coefficients κ_(||) and κ ⊥. We also examine the Q/A dependence of the break energy for the most general oblique shock case. Our analysis offers a possible way to remotely examine the geometry of a CME-driven shock when it is close to the Sun, where the acceleration of particle to high energies occurs
An improved lower bound for (1,<=2)-identifying codes in the king grid
We call a subset of vertices of a graph a -identifying
code if for all subsets of vertices with size at most , the sets
are distinct. The concept of
identifying codes was introduced in 1998 by Karpovsky, Chakrabarty and Levitin.
Identifying codes have been studied in various grids. In particular, it has
been shown that there exists a -identifying code in the king grid
with density 3/7 and that there are no such identifying codes with density
smaller than 5/12. Using a suitable frame and a discharging procedure, we
improve the lower bound by showing that any -identifying code of
the king grid has density at least 47/111
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