5 research outputs found

    New frustrated Lewis pair from group 6 complexes and boranes for dinitrogen activation and its functionalization

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    L'activation et la fonctionnalisation du diazote atmosphĂ©rique sont parmi les challenges les plus importants de la chimie moderne, motivĂ©s par le besoin de s'affranchir de l'utilisation du procĂ©dĂ© Haber-Bosch. En effet, celui-ci est utilisĂ© pour la synthĂšse industrielle d'ammoniac dont l'agriculture actuelle dĂ©pend et est trĂšs couteux en Ă©nergie. Le but de ce travail de doctorat a Ă©tĂ© la synthĂšse de nouvelles paires de Lewis frustrĂ©es Ă  partir de diffĂ©rents complexes de diazote du groupe 6 et de boranes pour permettre l'activation du diazote et sa fonctionnalisation en conditions douces. La premiĂšre partie de ce manuscrit prĂ©sente la synthĂšse de paires de Lewis frustrĂ©es entre des complexes de diazote au molybdĂšne et au tungstĂšne et le tris(pentafluorophĂ©nyl)borane. Des essais de fonctionnalisation du diazote s'inspirant de la chimie des paires de Lewis frustrĂ©es et ayant conduit Ă  la formation de liaison N-B et N-Si sont dĂ©crits dans cette partie. L'addition oxydante du dihydrogĂšne sur les centres mĂ©talliques, conduisant Ă  des complexes heptacoordinĂ©s, a notamment Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ©e pour ces paires de Lewis originales. Dans le second chapitre, la rĂ©action des mĂȘmes complexes de diazote au molybdĂšne et tungstĂšne avec le borane de Piers nous a permis de mettre Ă  jour la premiĂšre addition 1,3 d'une liaison B-H sur un motif M-N≡N. Ce rĂ©sultat a pu ĂȘtre Ă©tendu Ă  d'autres hydroboranes par l'utilisation rationnelle d'une quantitĂ© catalytique de borane de Piers. Le dihydrogĂšne a Ă©galement pu ĂȘtre activĂ© par un complexe spĂ©cifique dans ce chapitre. Enfin, un complexe nitrure de molybdĂšne a Ă©tĂ© prĂ©parĂ© afin de l'utiliser comme base de Lewis dans un systĂšme paire de Lewis frustrĂ©e. Ces expĂ©rience, abordĂ©es dans le troisiĂšme chapitre, ont conduit Ă  la formation de deux adduits qui ont pu ĂȘtre impliquĂ© dans des rĂ©actions permettant la formation de liaison N-B et N-Si.Molecular nitrogen activation and functionalization are among the most important challenge in modern chemistry, motivated by the need to freeing us from the use of the Haber-Bosch process. Indeed, this process used for the industrial synthesis of ammonia of which current agriculture depend and is strongly energy demanding. The goal of this Ph.D. work was the synthesis of new frustrated Lewis pair form different group 6 dinitrogen complexes and boranes to enable dinitrogen activation and its functionalization in mild conditions. The first part of this manuscript presents the synthesis of frustrated Lewis pairs between molybdenum and tungsten dinitrogen complexes and tris(pentafluorophenyl). Attempts of functionalization of dinitrogen inspired from the frustrated Lewis pair chemistry and leading to formation of N-B and N-Si bonds are described in this part. The oxidative addition of dihydrogen onto metallic centres, leading to heptacoordinated complexes, was substantially demonstrated for those original Lewis pairs. In the second chapter, the reaction of the same molybdenum and tungsten dinitrogen complexes with the Piers' borane enabled us to uncover the first 1,3-addition of the B-H bond on a M-N≡N unit. This result could be extended to other hydroboranes by the rational use of a catalytic amount of Piers' borane. Dihydrogen was also activated by a specific complex in this chapter. Finally, a molybdenum nitride complex was prepared in order to use it as a Lewis Base in a frustrated Lewis pair system. These experiments, discussed in the third chapter, led to the formation of two adducts that could be involved into reactions enabling the formation of N-B and N-Si bonds

    Nouvelles paires de Lewis frustrées à partir de complexes du groupe 6 et de boranes pour l'activation du diazote et sa fonctionnalisation

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    Molecular nitrogen activation and functionalization are among the most important challenge in modern chemistry, motivated by the need to freeing us from the use of the Haber-Bosch process. Indeed, this process used for the industrial synthesis of ammonia of which current agriculture depend and is strongly energy demanding. The goal of this Ph.D. work was the synthesis of new frustrated Lewis pair form different group 6 dinitrogen complexes and boranes to enable dinitrogen activation and its functionalization in mild conditions. The first part of this manuscript presents the synthesis of frustrated Lewis pairs between molybdenum and tungsten dinitrogen complexes and tris(pentafluorophenyl). Attempts of functionalization of dinitrogen inspired from the frustrated Lewis pair chemistry and leading to formation of N-B and N-Si bonds are described in this part. The oxidative addition of dihydrogen onto metallic centres, leading to heptacoordinated complexes, was substantially demonstrated for those original Lewis pairs. In the second chapter, the reaction of the same molybdenum and tungsten dinitrogen complexes with the Piers' borane enabled us to uncover the first 1,3-addition of the B-H bond on a M-N≡N unit. This result could be extended to other hydroboranes by the rational use of a catalytic amount of Piers' borane. Dihydrogen was also activated by a specific complex in this chapter. Finally, a molybdenum nitride complex was prepared in order to use it as a Lewis Base in a frustrated Lewis pair system. These experiments, discussed in the third chapter, led to the formation of two adducts that could be involved into reactions enabling the formation of N-B and N-Si bonds.L'activation et la fonctionnalisation du diazote atmosphĂ©rique sont parmi les challenges les plus importants de la chimie moderne, motivĂ©s par le besoin de s'affranchir de l'utilisation du procĂ©dĂ© Haber-Bosch. En effet, celui-ci est utilisĂ© pour la synthĂšse industrielle d'ammoniac dont l'agriculture actuelle dĂ©pend et est trĂšs couteux en Ă©nergie. Le but de ce travail de doctorat a Ă©tĂ© la synthĂšse de nouvelles paires de Lewis frustrĂ©es Ă  partir de diffĂ©rents complexes de diazote du groupe 6 et de boranes pour permettre l'activation du diazote et sa fonctionnalisation en conditions douces. La premiĂšre partie de ce manuscrit prĂ©sente la synthĂšse de paires de Lewis frustrĂ©es entre des complexes de diazote au molybdĂšne et au tungstĂšne et le tris(pentafluorophĂ©nyl)borane. Des essais de fonctionnalisation du diazote s'inspirant de la chimie des paires de Lewis frustrĂ©es et ayant conduit Ă  la formation de liaison N-B et N-Si sont dĂ©crits dans cette partie. L'addition oxydante du dihydrogĂšne sur les centres mĂ©talliques, conduisant Ă  des complexes heptacoordinĂ©s, a notamment Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ©e pour ces paires de Lewis originales. Dans le second chapitre, la rĂ©action des mĂȘmes complexes de diazote au molybdĂšne et tungstĂšne avec le borane de Piers nous a permis de mettre Ă  jour la premiĂšre addition 1,3 d'une liaison B-H sur un motif M-N≡N. Ce rĂ©sultat a pu ĂȘtre Ă©tendu Ă  d'autres hydroboranes par l'utilisation rationnelle d'une quantitĂ© catalytique de borane de Piers. Le dihydrogĂšne a Ă©galement pu ĂȘtre activĂ© par un complexe spĂ©cifique dans ce chapitre. Enfin, un complexe nitrure de molybdĂšne a Ă©tĂ© prĂ©parĂ© afin de l'utiliser comme base de Lewis dans un systĂšme paire de Lewis frustrĂ©e. Ces expĂ©rience, abordĂ©es dans le troisiĂšme chapitre, ont conduit Ă  la formation de deux adduits qui ont pu ĂȘtre impliquĂ© dans des rĂ©actions permettant la formation de liaison N-B et N-Si

    Borane-Catalysed Dinitrogen Borylation by 1,3-B–H Bond Addition

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    International audienceThe borylation of ligated dinitrogen by 1,3-B–H bond addition over a M–N≡N unit using various hydroboranes has been examined. In a previous study, we have shown that Piers’ borane (1) reacted with the tungsten dinitrogen complex 2 to afford a boryldiazenido-hydrido-tungsten species. The ease and mildness of this reaction has pushed us to extend its scope, with the working hypothesis that 1 could potentially catalyse the 1,3-B–H bond addition of other hydroboranes. Under productive reaction conditions, dicyclohexylborane (HBCy2) and diisopinocampheylborane (HBIpc2) underwent retro-hydroboration to give cyclohexylborane (H2BCy) or isopinocampheylborane (H2BIpc), respectively, these monoalkylboranes acting as N2-borylating agents in the presence of a catalytic amount of 1. Under similar conditions, 9-borabicyclononane (9-BBN) slowly adds over the W–N≡N unit without rearrangement to a monoalkylborane. Catecholborane (HBcat) performs the 1,3-B–H bond addition without the need of a catalyst. We were not able to build more than one covalent B–N bond between the terminal N of the N2 ligand and the boron reagent with this methodology

    Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry Enables N2 Borylation by Formal 1,3‐Addition of a B−H Bond in the Coordination Sphere of Tungsten

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    International audienceDedicated to Professor Max Malacria on the occasion of his 70 th birthday. Abstract: The first example of a formal 1,3-B-H bond addition across the M-N≡N unit of an end-on dinitrogen complex 5 has been achieved. The use of Piers' borane HB(C6F5)2 1 was essential to observe this reactivity and it plays a triple role in this transformation: i) electrophilic N2-borylation agent, ii) Lewis acid in a frustrated Lewis pair-type B-H bond activation and iii) hydride shuttle to the metal center. This chemistry is supported by NMR and solid-state characterization of products and intermediates. The combination of chelate effect and strong sigma donation in the diphosphine depe ligand was mandatory to avoid phosphine dissociation that otherwise led to complexes where borylation of N2 occurred without hydride transfer

    Synthesis, Characterization, and Comparative Theoretical Investigation of Dinitrogen-Bridged Group 6-Gold Heterobimetallic Complexes

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    International audienceWe have prepared and characterized a series of unprecedented group 6–group 11, N2-bridged, heterobimetallic [ML4(η1-N2)(ÎŒ-η1:η1-N2)Au(NHC)]+ complexes (M = Mo, W, L2 = diphosphine) by treatment of trans-[ML4(N2)2] with a cationic gold(I) complex [Au(NHC)]+. The adducts are very labile in solution and in the solid, especially in the case of molybdenum, and decomposition pathways are likely initiated by electron transfers from the zerovalent group 6 atom to gold. Spectroscopic and structural parameters point to the fact that the gold adducts are very similar to Lewis pairs formed out of strong main-group Lewis acids (LA) and low-valent, end-on dinitrogen complexes, with a bent M–N–N–Au motif. To verify how far the analogy goes, we computed the electronic structures of [W(depe)2(η1-N2)(ÎŒ-η1:η1-N2)AuNHC]+ (10W+) and [W(depe)2(η1-N2)(ÎŒ-η1:η1-N2)B(C6F5)3] (11W). A careful analysis of the frontier orbitals of both compounds shows that a filled orbital resulting from the combination of the π* orbital of the bridging N2 with a d orbital of the group 6 metal overlaps in 10W+ with an empty sd hybrid orbital at gold, whereas in 11W with an sp3 hybrid orbital at boron. The bent N–N–LA arrangement maximizes these interactions, providing a similar level of N2 “push–pull” activation in the two compounds. In the gold case, the HOMO–2 orbital is further delocalized to the empty carbenic p orbital, and an NBO analysis suggests an important electrostatic component in the ÎŒ-N2–[Au(NHC)]+ bond
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