Evaluation of a multi-annual plan including an index based HCR for North Sea horse mackerel

As a DLS, no stock assessment has previously been adopted as a basis for advice for North Sea horse mackerel. In recent years, some explorative work on data availability for the stock has been done by the ICES Working Group on Widely Distributed Stocks (WGWIDE), and this work has been taken further in this report to produce two potential indices of stock size from the IBTS Q3 survey data. A thorough analysis of the IBTS data for North Sea horse mackerel is also presented

Amendments for the second stage of the North Sea sole and plaice multi-annual plan (EC regulation 2007/676)

A multiannual plan for sole and plaice in the North Sea was adopted by the EU Council in 2007. It describes two stages: a recovery plan during its first stage and a management plan during its second stage. This report compiles information from a number of studies subsequent to the implementation of the plan, which have been conducted by ICES and STECF in relation to the management of the North Sea sole and plaice stocks. These studies included management strategy evaluations aimed at investigating the effects of specific amendments to the current management plan and analyses to establish appropriate reference points for exploitation of the stocks in accordance with MSY

Evaluation of Proposed Amendments to the North Sea Flatfish Multiannual Plan

The evaluation of the multiannual plan is carried out using a numerical simulation model to study the interplay between the biological dynamics of the stocks and the dynamics of the fleet. The biological operating model consists of age structured population models of the ‘true’ plaice and sole stocks in the North Sea, following current stock delineation

A collaborative approach to mapping value of fisheries resources in the North Sea (Part 1: Methodology)

IMARES and LEI are both contracted on occasion to perform VMS-analyses to produce maps of fishing activity or economic value of fisheries in particular area(s) in the North Sea. Until present, IMARES and LEI use their own methodology which is inspired mostly on their own unique data availabilities which may lead to different results. This in turn may lead to questioning of these methodologies and results, especially in relation to estimations of economic value. The aim of the current study is to compare both methodologies by IMARES and LEI en decide upon a common (unique) methodology for producing fishing activity and value maps and estimating economic value of specific areas. The current report describes the jointly agreed methodology between scientists from IMARES and LEI, using input from the fishing industry. This methodology can be readily applied in future projects aimed at describing the value of particular areas in the North Sea in terms of fishing activity. A secondary aim - included on request of the Dutch Fish Product Board (PVIS) - is to address the question of how IMARES and/or LEI can make use of knowledge of the fishing industry in VMS mapping projects

Human GBP1 does not localize to pathogen vacuoles but restricts Toxoplasma gondii

Guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) are a family of large interferon‐inducible GTPases that are transcriptionally upregulated upon infection with intracellular pathogens. Murine GBPs (mGBPs) including mGBP1 and 2 localize to and disrupt pathogen‐containing vacuoles (PVs) resulting in the cell‐autonomous clearing or innate immune detection of PV‐resident pathogens. Human GBPs (hGBPs) are known to exert antiviral host defense and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, but it is unclear whether hGBPs can directly recognize and control intravacuolar pathogens. Here, we report that endogenous or ectopically expressed hGBP1 fails to associate with PVs formed in human cells by the bacterial pathogens Chlamydia trachomatis or Salmonella typhimurium or the protozoan pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. While we find that hGBP1 expression has no discernible effect on intracellular replication of C. trachomatis and S. typhimurium, we observed enhanced early Toxoplasma replication in CRISPR hGBP1‐deleted human epithelial cells. We thus identified a novel role for hGBP1 in cell‐autonomous immunity that is independent of PV translocation, as observed for mGBPs. This study highlights fundamental differences between human and murine GBPs and underlines the need to study the functions of GBPs at cellular locations away from PVs

Delineating catch quotas for Dutch demersal fisheries: a theoretical pilot study

A reduction of unwanted catches is a key element of the Common Fisheries Policy reform proposal (EC, 2010). To achieve this, a landing obligation (or discard ban) will be introduced, prohibiting the at-sea disposal of quota-regulated species. Instead these catches shall be brought back to shore and counted against a quota, where applicable

IRG and GBP host resistance factors target aberrant, ‘‘Non-self’’ vacuoles characterized by the missing of ‘‘Self’’ IRGM proteins

Interferon-inducible GTPases of the Immunity Related GTPase (IRG) and Guanylate Binding Protein (GBP) families provide resistance to intracellular pathogenic microbes. IRGs and GBPs stably associate with pathogen-containing vacuoles (PVs) and elicit immune pathways directed at the targeted vacuoles. Targeting of Interferon-inducible GTPases to PVs requires the formation of higher-order protein oligomers, a process negatively regulated by a subclass of IRG proteins called IRGMs. We found that the paralogous IRGM proteins Irgm1 and Irgm3 fail to robustly associate with ‘‘non-self’’ PVs containing either the bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis or the protozoan pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. Instead, Irgm1 and Irgm3 reside on ‘‘self’’ organelles including lipid droplets (LDs). Whereas IRGM-positive LDs are guarded against the stable association with other IRGs and GBPs, we demonstrate that IRGM-stripped LDs become high affinity binding substrates for IRG and GBP proteins. These data reveal that intracellular immune recognition of organelle-like structures by IRG and GBP proteins is partly dictated by the missing of ‘‘self’’ IRGM proteins from these structures.Fil: Haldar, Arun K.. University Of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: Saka, Hector Alex. University Of Duke; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Piro, Anthony S.. University Of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: Dunn, Joe Dan. University Of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: Henry, Stanley C.. University Of Duke; Estados Unidos. Veteran Affairs Medical Center; Estados UnidosFil: Taylor, Gregory A.. University Of Duke; Estados Unidos. Veteran Affairs Medical Center; Estados UnidosFil: Frickel, Eva M.. National Institute for Medical Research; Reino UnidoFil: Valdivia, Raphael H.. University Of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: Coers, Jörn. University Of Duke; Estados Unido

Discard sampling of Dutch bottom-trawl and seine fisheries in 2011

In the European Union, the collection of discard data is enforced through the Data Collection Regulation or Framework (DCF) of the European Commission (EC). To comply with this ruling, approximately ten trips of discard-intensive beam-trawlers are being monitored annually since 1999 (Helmond and Overzee, 2010). In 2009, revisions to the DCF (2008/949/EG), required member states to increase sampling intensity to i) improve the precision of their estimates and ii) the number of sampled métiers. To meet this requirement within an affordable budget, the Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES, part of Wageningen University and Research) set up a collaborative project between the Dutch fishing industry and the research institute to recruit a ‘reference fleet’ of vessel owners willing to participate in a selfsampling programme. In the self-sampling programme, trips were pre-determined from a reference fleet of participating vessels. In total, 155 trips were sampled in 2011, of which 27 trips (17%) were considered invalid due to missing or incomplete information. During the 128 valid self-sampling trips 248 hauls were sampled. While the majority of observations were done on board beamtrawl vessels with mesh sizes ranging between 70 and 99 mm targeting flatfish, data was collected from eight other metiers as well. These included beam trawls with other mesh sizes or target species assemblages, otter trawls and seines. This led, apart from a considerable increase in sampling effort for some métiers, to an increase in the temporal and spatial spread of sampling compared to the previous observer-based sampling. Samples from previously unsampled northern and eastern parts of the North Sea were available now. The spatial distribution of sampling locations matched that of the total effort of the fleet for intensivelysampled métiers. Large-mesh beam- and otter trawls (100-119 mm) on average landed more than they discarded. In the other métiers, combined fish and benthos discards exceeded the volume of landings. The majority of discards comprised of benthic (invertebrate) species such as common starfish (Asteria rubens); sand star (Astropecten irregularis); swimming crab (Liocarcinus holsatus); and serpent star (Ophiura ophiura). Most frequently discarded fish species of no commercial value included: dragonet (Callionymus lyra); grey gurnard (Eutrigla gurnardus); scaldfish (Arnoglossus laterna); solenette (Buglossidium luteum); and lesser weaver (Echiichthys vipera). Among commercially-valuable fish, common dab (Limanda limanda) and European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) were the most frequently discarded species