4,049 research outputs found
Interpretation of an international terminology standard in the development of a logic-based compositional terminology
Purpose: Version 1.0 of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNPÂź) is a logic-based compositional terminology. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 18104:2003 Health InformaticsÂżIntegration of a reference terminology model for nursing is an international standard to support the development, testing and implementation of nursing terminologies. Methods: This study examines how ISO 18104:2003 has been interpreted in the development of ICNPÂź Version 1.0 by identifying mappings between ICNPÂź and the ISO standard. Representations of diagnostic and interventional statements within ICNPÂź are also analyzed according to the requirements mandated by the ISO standard. Results: All structural components of ISO 18104:2003 i.e. semantic categories, semantic domains, qualifiers and semantic links are represented either directly or in interpreted form within ICNPÂź. The formal representations within ICNPÂź of diagnostic and interventional statements meet the requirement of the ISO standard. Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate that ICNPÂź Version 1.0 conforms to ISO 18104:2003. More importantly perhaps, this study provides practical examples of how components of a terminology standard might be interpreted and it examines how such a standard might be used to support the definition of high-level schemata in developing logic-based compositional terminologies
Global instability of low-density jets
The global stability of laminar axisymmetric low-density jets is investigated
in the low Mach number approximation. The linear modal dynamics is found to be
characterised by two features: a stable arc branch of eigenmodes and an
isolated eigenmode. Both features are studied in detail, revealing that,
whereas the former is highly sensitive to numerical domain size and its
existence can be linked to spurious feedback from the outflow boundary, the
latter is the physical eigenmode that is responsible for the appearance of
self-sustained oscillations in low-density jets observed in experiments at low
Mach numbers. In contrast to previous local spatio-temporal stability analyses,
the present global analysis permits, for the first time, the determination of
the critical conditions for the onset of global instability, as well the
frequency of the associated oscillations, without additional hypotheses,
yielding predictions in fair agreement with previous experimental observations.
It is shown that under the conditions of those experiments, viscosity variation
with composition, as well as buoyancy, only have a small effect on the onset of
instability
Angle-resolved cathodoluminescence imaging polarimetry
Cathodoluminescence spectroscopy (CL) allows characterizing light emission in
bulk and nanostructured materials and is a key tool in fields ranging from
materials science to nanophotonics. Previously, CL measurements focused on the
spectral content and angular distribution of emission, while the polarization
was not fully determined. Here we demonstrate a technique to access the full
polarization state of the cathodoluminescence emission, that is the Stokes
parameters as a function of the emission angle. Using this technique, we
measure the emission of metallic bullseye nanostructures and show that the
handedness of the structure as well as nanoscale changes in excitation position
induce large changes in polarization ellipticity and helicity. Furthermore, by
exploiting the ability of polarimetry to distinguish polarized from unpolarized
light, we quantify the contributions of different types of coherent and
incoherent radiation to the emission of a gold surface, silicon and gallium
arsenide bulk semiconductors. This technique paves the way for in-depth
analysis of the emission mechanisms of nanostructured devices as well as
macroscopic media.Comment: 8 figures. Includes supplementary informatio
Observing pulsars and fast transients with LOFAR
Low frequency radio waves, while challenging to observe,are a rich source of information about pulsars. The LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) is a new radio interferometer operating in the lowest 4 octaves of the ionospheric âradio windowâ: 10â240 MHz, that will greatly facilitate observing pulsars at low radio frequencies. Through the huge collecting area, long baselines, and flexible digital hardware, it is expected that LOFAR will revolutionize radio astronomy at the lowest frequencies visible from Earth.LOFAR is a next-generation radio telescope and a pathfinder to the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), in that it incorporates advanced multi-beaming techniques between thousands of individual elements. We discuss the motivation for low-frequency pulsar observations in general and the potential of LOFAR in addressing these science goals.We present LOFAR as it is designed to perform high-time-resolution observations of pulsars and other fast transients, and outline the various relevant observing modes and data reduction pipelines that are already or will soon be implemented to facilitate these observations. A number of results obtained from commissioning observations are presented to demonstrate the exciting potential of the telescope. This paper outlines the case for low frequency pulsar observations and is also intended to serve as a reference for upcoming pulsar/fast transient science papers with LOFAR
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