Evaluation of depth of cure and Knoop hardness in a dental composite photo-activated using different methods

The aim of this study was to evaluate the depth of cure and Knoop hardness in the P60 composite resin photo-activated using different methods. A bipartite brass matrix (3 mm in diameter X 11 mm in height) was filled with the composite and photo-activation was performed using continuous light, exponential light, intermittent light, plasma arc curing (PAC) or light-emitting diodes (LED). After opening the matrix, the uncured material was removed with a steel spatula and the polymerized composite was measured using a pachymeter. The specimens were then included in self-curing acrylic resin and worn longitudinally and the hardness was measured on the surface and at depths of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%). The results showed that the depth of cure was higher with the intermittent light, followed by continuous light, exponential light, PAC and LED methods. Up to a depth of 2 mm, all methods revealed similar hardness values, but there were differences between them at other depths, at which LED demonstrated the lowest values followed by PAC.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a profundidade de polimerização e a dureza Knoop do compósito restaurador P60 fotoativado por diferentes métodos. Uma matriz metálica bipartida (3 mm de diâmetro X 11 mm de altura) foi preenchida com o compósito e fotoativada através da luz contínua, luz exponencial, luz intermitente, plasma de xenônio (PAC) ou luz emitida por diodo (LED). Após a abertura da matriz, o material não polimerizado foi removido com o auxílio de uma espátula metálica e o compósito polimerizado medido com um paquímetro digital. Então os espécimes foram incluídos em resina acrílica autopolimerizável e desgastados longitudinalmente e a dureza foi medida na superfície e nas profundidades de 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 mm. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey (5%). Os resultados mostraram que a profundidade de polimerização foi maior com a luz intermitente, seguida pela luz contínua, luz exponencial, PAC e LED. Até a profundidate de 2 mm, todos os métodos de fotoativação revelaram valores de dureza similares, porém diferiram a outras profundidades, onde o LED demonstrou os menores valores, seguido pelo PAC.19920

Effect of the methods of photoactivation and insertion on the hardness of composite resins

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of methods of photoactivation and insertion on the Knoop hardness of the Z100 and Alert composite resins. The specimens were confected in cavities measuring 4 x 4 mm. The insertion of material was carried out by means of two methods: single-portion technique and insertion of two 2-mm-thick layers. When inserted in a single portion, the resin was compressed with a static load of 1 kgf on a glass slab recovered with a polyester strip, in order to remove the excess of material. After the removal of the glass slab and polyester strip, the materials were photoactivated by means of continuous light emitted by a XL 3000 unit with a light intensity of 520 mW/cm² for 40 seconds; double pulse, with light emission of 150 mW/cm² for 10 seconds, plus 30 seconds with light intensity of 520 mW/cm² emitted by a XL 3000 unit; and pulsatile light of 520 mW/cm² emitted by the Optilux 400 unit, turned on for 2 seconds and off for 2 seconds, during 60 seconds. The two layers of the material submitted to double insertion were photoactivated in the same conditions as the bulk-inserted material, and the excess of material was also removed from the second layer. After storage in a stove at 37ºC and 100% relative humidity for 24 hours, the specimens were embedded in polyester resin, trimmed and polished with sandpaper and diamond slurry. Knoop hardness was assessed in 4 depths with a HMV Shimadzu penetrometer under the load of 50 g during 30 seconds. The data submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test revealed that Z100 presented greater hardness values; double insertion was better than single insertion; the hardness at the surface was smaller than that at the bottom of the specimen, regardless of other factors. For Z100, all activation methods produced smaller hardness values when double insertion was carried out. Meanwhile, for Alert, continuous light promoted statistical similarity between the insertion techniques. For Z100, there was statistical similarity between the activation methods only when the double-insertion technique was employed. There was statistical similarity between the double-pulse and pulsatile-light techniques for Alert, when the single-portion insertion technique was carried out.Este trabalho verificou o efeito do tipo de inserção (duas camadas ou bloco único) e dos métodos de fotoativação (luz contínua, duplo pulso ou intermitente), sobre a dureza Knoop dos compósitos Z100 e Alert. Os corpos-de-prova foram confeccionados em cavidades de 4 x 4 mm, com o material inserido de duas maneiras diferentes: porção única ou em duas camadas de 2 mm de espessura cada uma. O material inserido numa única porção foi comprimido com carga estática de 1 kgf exercido sobre uma lâmina de vidro, interposta por uma tira de poliéster, para remoção do excesso. Depois de retirar a lâmina de vidro e a tira de poliéster, a fotoativação foi por luz contínua emitida pelo aparelho XL 3000, com intensidade de 520 mW/cm², por 40 segundos; duplo pulso, 10 segundos com emissão de 150 mW/cm² mais 30 segundos com 520 mW/cm² com o aparelho XL 3000; e luz pulsátil de 520 mW/cm² emitida pelo aparelho Optilux 400, sendo 2 segundos ligado e 1 segundo desligado, por 60 segundos. As duas camadas da inserção dupla foram fotoativadas nas mesmas condições da inserção única, assim como a remoção do excesso de material da última camada. Após armazenagem em estufa a 37ºC e umidade relativa de 100% por 24 horas, os corpos-de-prova foram embutidos em resina de poliéster, desgastados e submetidos ao polimento com lixas de granulação decrescente e pasta de diamante. A dureza Knoop foi avaliada em diferentes profundidades com penetrômetro HMV Shimadzu, sob carga de 50 g durante 30 segundos. Os resultados submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey (5%) mostraram que o Z100 apresentou maior valor de dureza; a inserção dupla foi melhor que a inserção única e a dureza de superfície foi maior que nas demais profundidades, independente dos demais fatores. No Z100 todos os métodos de fotoativação promoveram maior dureza na inserção dupla, enquanto no Alert a ativação por luz contínua promoveu similaridade estatística entre os dois tipos de inserção. O Z100 mostrou similaridade estatística entre os métodos de fotoativação somente na inserção dupla, enquanto no Alert a similaridade estatística ocorreu na inserção única entre as ativações por duplo pulso e luz pulsátil.35536

[effect Of The Methods Of Photoactivation And Insertion On The Hardness Of Composite Resins].

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of methods of photoactivation and insertion on the Knoop hardness of the Z100 and Alert composite resins. The specimens were confected in cavities measuring 4 x 4 mm. The insertion of material was carried out by means of two methods: single-portion technique and insertion of two 2-mm-thick layers. When inserted in a single portion, the resin was compressed with a static load of 1 kgf on a glass slab recovered with a polyester strip, in order to remove the excess of material. After the removal of the glass slab and polyester strip, the materials were photoactivated by means of continuous light emitted by a XL 3000 unit with a light intensity of 520 mW/cm2 for 40 seconds; double pulse, with light emission of 150 mW/cm2 for 10 seconds, plus 30 seconds with light intensity of 520 mW/cm2 emitted by a XL 3000 unit; and pulsatile light of 520 mW/cm emitted by the Optilux 400 unit, turned on for 2 seconds and off for 2 seconds, during 60 seconds. The two layers of the material submitted to double insertion were photoactivated in the same conditions as the bulk-inserted material, and the excess of material was also removed from the second layer. After storage in a stove at 37 C and 100% relative humidity for 24 hours, the specimens were embedded in polyester resin, trimmed and polished with sandpaper and diamond slurry. Knoop hardness was assessed in 4 depths with a HMV Shimadzu penetrometer under the load of 50 g during 30 seconds. The data submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test revealed that Z100 presented greater hardness values; double insertion was better than single insertion; the hardness at the surface was smaller than that at the bottom of the specimen, regardless of other factors. For Z100, all activation methods produced smaller hardness values when double insertion was carried out. Meanwhile, for Alert, continuous light promoted statistical similarity between the insertion techniques. For Z100, there was statistical similarity between the activation methods only when the double-insertion technique was employed. There was statistical similarity between the double-pulse and pulsatile-light techniques for Alert, when the single-portion insertion technique was carried out.16355-6

Efeito dos métodos de fotoativação e de inserção sobre a dureza de resinas compostas

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of methods of photoactivation and insertion on the Knoop hardness of the Z100 and Alert composite resins. The specimens were confected in cavities measuring 4 x 4 mm. The insertion of material was carried out by means of two methods: single-portion technique and insertion of two 2-mm-thick layers. When inserted in a single portion, the resin was compressed with a static load of 1 kgf on a glass slab recovered with a polyester strip, in order to remove the excess of material. After the removal of the glass slab and polyester strip, the materials were photoactivated by means of continuous light emitted by a XL 3000 unit with a light intensity of 520 mW/cm² for 40 seconds; double pulse, with light emission of 150 mW/cm² for 10 seconds, plus 30 seconds with light intensity of 520 mW/cm² emitted by a XL 3000 unit; and pulsatile light of 520 mW/cm² emitted by the Optilux 400 unit, turned on for 2 seconds and off for 2 seconds, during 60 seconds. The two layers of the material submitted to double insertion were photoactivated in the same conditions as the bulk-inserted material, and the excess of material was also removed from the second layer. After storage in a stove at 37ºC and 100% relative humidity for 24 hours, the specimens were embedded in polyester resin, trimmed and polished with sandpaper and diamond slurry. Knoop hardness was assessed in 4 depths with a HMV Shimadzu penetrometer under the load of 50 g during 30 seconds. The data submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test revealed that Z100 presented greater hardness values; double insertion was better than single insertion; the hardness at the surface was smaller than that at the bottom of the specimen, regardless of other factors. For Z100, all activation methods produced smaller hardness values when double insertion was carried out. Meanwhile, for Alert, continuous light promoted statistical similarity between the insertion techniques. For Z100, there was statistical similarity between the activation methods only when the double-insertion technique was employed. There was statistical similarity between the double-pulse and pulsatile-light techniques for Alert, when the single-portion insertion technique was carried out.Este trabalho verificou o efeito do tipo de inserção (duas camadas ou bloco único) e dos métodos de fotoativação (luz contínua, duplo pulso ou intermitente), sobre a dureza Knoop dos compósitos Z100 e Alert. Os corpos-de-prova foram confeccionados em cavidades de 4 x 4 mm, com o material inserido de duas maneiras diferentes: porção única ou em duas camadas de 2 mm de espessura cada uma. O material inserido numa única porção foi comprimido com carga estática de 1 kgf exercido sobre uma lâmina de vidro, interposta por uma tira de poliéster, para remoção do excesso. Depois de retirar a lâmina de vidro e a tira de poliéster, a fotoativação foi por luz contínua emitida pelo aparelho XL 3000, com intensidade de 520 mW/cm², por 40 segundos; duplo pulso, 10 segundos com emissão de 150 mW/cm² mais 30 segundos com 520 mW/cm² com o aparelho XL 3000; e luz pulsátil de 520 mW/cm² emitida pelo aparelho Optilux 400, sendo 2 segundos ligado e 1 segundo desligado, por 60 segundos. As duas camadas da inserção dupla foram fotoativadas nas mesmas condições da inserção única, assim como a remoção do excesso de material da última camada. Após armazenagem em estufa a 37ºC e umidade relativa de 100% por 24 horas, os corpos-de-prova foram embutidos em resina de poliéster, desgastados e submetidos ao polimento com lixas de granulação decrescente e pasta de diamante. A dureza Knoop foi avaliada em diferentes profundidades com penetrômetro HMV Shimadzu, sob carga de 50 g durante 30 segundos. Os resultados submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey (5%) mostraram que o Z100 apresentou maior valor de dureza; a inserção dupla foi melhor que a inserção única e a dureza de superfície foi maior que nas demais profundidades, independente dos demais fatores. No Z100 todos os métodos de fotoativação promoveram maior dureza na inserção dupla, enquanto no Alert a ativação por luz contínua promoveu similaridade estatística entre os dois tipos de inserção. O Z100 mostrou similaridade estatística entre os métodos de fotoativação somente na inserção dupla, enquanto no Alert a similaridade estatística ocorreu na inserção única entre as ativações por duplo pulso e luz pulsátil

Efeito do uso de forradores resinosos sobre a microinfiltração de restaurações classe V em compósito odontológico

OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de um adesivo em diferentes espessuras ou em associação com um adesivo com carga ou com compósito de baixa viscosidade na microinfiltração marginal de restaurações com compósito odontológico. MÉTODOS: Quarenta incisivos bovinos foram selecionados e cavidades circulares (4mm de diâmetro X 2mm de profundidade) foram preparadas na região da junção cemento-esmalte. Os dentes foram então divididos em quatro grupos de acordo com o forramento utilizado: 1: (controle) aplicação do sistema de união Scotchbond Multi Uso (SBMU) - 1 camada de adesivo; 2: aplicação de 3 camadas do adesivo SBMU; 3: aplicação do SBMU, seguido pela aplicação de uma camada do adesivo Optibond FL; 4: aplicação do SBMU seguido pela aplicação de forramento com o compósito de baixa viscosidade Flow-it. Todas as cavidades foram restauradas com o compósito Z100. O teste de microinfiltração foi conduzido de acordo com a ISO (TR11405). Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskall-Wallis (p>;0,05). RESULTADOS: O grupo 4 apresentou redução significativa dos níveis de infiltração quando comparado ao grupo 1. Os grupos 2 e 3 apresentaram valores intermediários e não foram detectadas diferenças significativas quando estes grupos foram comparados aos grupos 1 e 4. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de forramento com compósito de baixa viscosidade pode reduzir os níveis de infiltração marginal, possibilitando melhora na qualidade das restaurações em compósito odontológico.PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an adhesive applied in layers of different thickness or in association with a filled adhesive or with a low viscosity composite liner on the microleakage of composite restorations. METHODS: Forty bovine incisors were prepared with round cavities (4mm diameter X 2mm depth) on the cementoenamel junction. The teeth were assigned to four groups according to the liner used: 1 (control) - application of 1 layer of the Scotchbond Multi Purpose adhesive system (SBMP); 2 - application of 3 layers of SBMP; 3 - application of 1 layer of SBMP followed by application of one layer of Optibond FL adhesive; 4 - application of one layer of SBMP followed by application of flowable composite Flow-it. All cavities were restored using composite resin Z100. The microleakage test was conducted according to ISO (TR11405). Data were analyzed by Kruskall-Wallis test (a=0.05). RESULTS: Group 4 showed less leakage than Group 1. Groups 2 and 3 showed intermediate values and there were no statistical differences when they were compared to the values of Groups 1 and 4 CONCLUSION: The use of resin liners with flowable composites can reduce the microleakage of composite restorations

Effect of technique of disinfection by ultrasonic nebulization on accuracy of vinyl polysiloxane impressions

Introduction: To prevent cross-contamination, impressions should be properly disinfected after removing from the mouth. To be efficacious, a successful disinfection must maintain the physico-chemical properties of the impression materials and should not interfere negatively in the fabrication of stone casts. Aim: To evaluate the effect of different disinfection techniques on the accuracy of dental impressions made of vinyl polysiloxane. Materials and Methods: 40 test samples made of vinyl polysiloxane were obtained using a pattern cylinder. The samples were randomly divided into 5 experimental conditions: I-Control, impressions without any disinfection, II-Immersion in 2% glutaraldehyde for 10 minutes, III-Immersion in 0.2% peracetic acid for 10 minutes, IV-ultrasonic nebulization for 10 minutes in 2% glutaraldehyde and V-ultrasonic nebulization for 10 minutes in 0.2% peracetic acid. The impressions obtained were poured in type IV gypsum and both the height and diameter of the stone casts were measured. For this purpose a profile projector joined to a digital measurement system was used. The data were submitted to statistical analysis using Bioestat 5.3 software. The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to assess normal data distribution. Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test for comparisons of the means of the different groups, p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Groups I, II and III did not differ statistically among themselves, both in diameter and height. Group IV presented statistically different results from the others for diameter. Whereas for height, the results were shown to be similar among groups I, II, III and IV. For Group V, the results obtained were statistically different for both height and diameter from those of the other groups. Conclusion: The immersion technique did not interfere in the accuracy of the stone casts however the ultrasonic nebulization with 2% glutaraldehyde solution did not show significant differences for height and presented better values of dimensional accuracy in diameter, when compared to the control group. The ultrasonic nebulization method associated with 2% peracetic acid solution presented the worst dimensional accuracy values for height and better values for the diameter compared to the other groups.138ZC01ZC04COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESSem informaçã

Effect Of Resin Liners On The Microleakage Of Class V Dental Composite Restorations.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an adhesive applied in layers of different thickness or in association with a filled adhesive or with a low viscosity composite liner on the microleakage of composite restorations. Forty bovine incisors were prepared with round cavities (4mm diameter X 2mm depth) on the cementoenamel junction. The teeth were assigned to four groups according to the liner used: 1 (control) - application of 1 layer of the Scotchbond Multi Purpose adhesive system (SBMP); 2 - application of 3 layers of SBMP; 3 - application of 1 layer of SBMP followed by application of one layer of Optibond FL adhesive; 4 - application of one layer of SBMP followed by application of flowable composite Flow-it. All cavities were restored using composite resin Z100. The microleakage test was conducted according to ISO (TR11405). Data were analyzed by Kruskall-Wallis test (a=0.05). Group 4 showed less leakage than Group 1. Groups 2 and 3 showed intermediate values and there were no statistical differences when they were compared to the values of Groups 1 and 4 The use of resin liners with flowable composites can reduce the microleakage of composite restorations.1256-6

Mechanical performance of experimental acrylic resins modified by nanoparticles after chemical and mechanical degradation

Different materials have been incorporated into the polymethylmethacrylate matrix to improve its performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC), the flexural strength (FS), the elasticity modulus (EM), and the effect of

Effect of combining photoinitiators on cure efficiency of dental resin-based composites

Camphorquinone is the most conventionally used photoinitiator in Dentistry. Although different alternative photoinitiators have been proposed, no photoinitiator was capable of completely substituting camphorquinone. The combination of photoinitiators has been considered the best alternative. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of combining Norrish type I and II photoinitiators on the cure efficiency of dental resin-based composites. Methodology: Experimental composites were produced containing different photoinitiator systems: Norrish type I-only, mono-alkyl phosphine oxide (TPO); Norrish type II-only, camphorquinone (CQ); or its combination, CQ and TPO, in a 1: 1 molar ratio. UV-vis absorption spectrophotometry was performed to assess the consumption of each photoinitiator after curing (n=3). A multi-wave LED (Bluephase® G2, Ivoclar Vivadent) was pre-characterized and used with a radiant exposure of 24 J/cm2. The degree of conversion was evaluated by Raman spectrometry, and the elution of the monomers by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (n=3). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05; β=0.2). Results: The combination of CQ and TPO increased the consumption of the photoinitiator system compared to CQ-only (p=0.001), but presented similar consumption compared to TPO-only (p=0.52). There was no significant difference in the degree of conversion between the composites regardless of the photoinitiator system (p=0.81). However, the elution of the monomers was reduced when both photoinitiators were combined. TPO-based material presented the highest elution of monomers. Conclusions: The combination of the photoinitiator systems seems to be beneficial for the cure efficiency of dental resin-based composites

Effect of low shrinkage monomers on physicochemical properties of dental resin composites

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low shrinkage monomers on physicochemical properties of dental resin composites. Two low shrinkage resin composites: one with a crosslink branching monomer (Kalore, GC Corp) and a novel monomer (Venus Diamond, Heraeus Kulzer) were compared to a conventional resin composite formulation (Filtek Z250, 3M/ESPE). The volumetric shrinkage was evaluated by µCT analysis (n=5) and the physicochemical properties by degree of C=C conversion (DC), flexural strength (FS) and Young's modulus (YM) (n=10). All samples were light cured by a LED device (Radii, SDI) with 16 J/cm2. The results were analysed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test for multiple comparisons (α=0.05). No statistical difference was found between µCT shrinkage values to Kalore (1.8%) and Venus Diamond (1.7%) (p≥0.05); Z250 presented statistical highest shrinkage value (2.0%). Kalore presented higher statistical DC (60.8%) than Venus Diamond (49.5%) and Z250 (49.6%). No statistical difference was found between FS or YM properties to Venus Diamond and Z250; Kalore presented statistical lowest FS and YM properties (p≥0.05). Using novel monomers seem to reduce polymerization shrinkage without affecting the physicochemical properties evaluated of resin composites rather than using crosslink branching monomers.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low shrinkage monomers on physicochemical properties of dental resin composites. Two low shrinkage resin composites: one with a crosslink branching monomer (Kalore, GC Corp) and a novel monomer (Venus Di263272276sem informaçãosem informaçãoO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de monômeros de baixa contração de polimerização nas propriedades físico-químicas de resinas compostas. Duas resinas de baixa contração de polimerização com monômeros do tipo crosslink (Kalore GC Corp) ou d