O ensino renovado de Hist?ria pelo catedr?tico do Col?gio de Pedro II, Jonathas Serrano.

Este artigo aborda a proposta de renova??o do ensino de hist?ria, apresentada por Jonathas Serrano nas primeiras d?cadas do s?culo XX. Enfocamos sua trajet?ria como aluno e mestre do Col?gio Pedro II, sua concep??o de hist?ria e de ensino de hist?ria, e a import?ncia que reputava a esse saber. A referida institui??o assegurou o prest?gio necess?rio para ingressar nos debates educacionais do per?odo. Argumentamos que o esfor?o desse mestre, em defender a renova??o como caminho para a melhoria da educa??o hist?rica no pa?s, por meio da preserva??o dos valores e preceitos morais e sociais cultivados no col?gio, tem rela??o com sua concep??o de hist?ria e deve ser lida sob o pano de fundo do processo de reformula??o do ensino brasileiro no in?cio da d?cada de 1930.This article discusses Jonathan Serrano?s renewal proposal for the teaching of History in the first decades of the Twentieth-century. We focus on his career as a student and teacher at Col?gio Pedro II, his concept of History and History teaching, and the importance that he attributed on this discipline. The institution assured him the necessary prestige to enter the educational debates of the period. We argue that his efforts to defend the renewal, as a path to improve history education in the country, preserving the moral and social values obtained at the Pedro II School, is correlated to his concept of history, and should be read under the light of the process of recasting Brazilian education in the early 1930s

Conditional conservatism in reporting earnings in Brazilian public companies: differences between ADR issuing and not-issuing companies and between accounting systems

O artigo examina as diferenças, em termos de qualidade informacional (conservadorismo condicional), das demonstrações contábeis de companhias brasileiras de capital aberto emissoras e não emissoras de ADR. Também são examinadas as demonstrações publicadas nos dois sistemas contábeis (PCAB e USGAAP). As hipóteses propõem que não há diferenças nos graus de conservadorismo condicional entre as firmas em razão das similaridades contratuais e institucionais, da inexistência de incentivos para alterar o comportamento dos gestores pelo processo de cross-listing e da insuficiência de motivação pela aplicação de princípios contábeis diversos. Os modelos de componentes transitórios nos lucros (BASU, 1997) e de associação entre apropriações contábeis e fluxos de caixa (BALL; SHIVAKUMAR, 2005) foram utilizados para os testes. Para estimar os coeficientes de associação dos dois modelos, utilizou-se análise de dados em painel. Os resultados confirmaram as hipóteses.The article examines the differences, in terms of information quality (conditional conservatism), of the accounting reports of Brazilian public companies issuing and not issuing ADR. It is also examined the demonstrations published in the two accounting systems (BRGAAP and USGAAP). The hypotheses consider that there are no differences in the degrees of conditional conservatism among the firms due to: contractual and institutional similarities, the inexistence of incentives to modify managers' behavior by the process of cross-listing, and the lack of motivation by application of different accounting principles. The models of Transitory Earnings Components (BASU, 1997) and Association between Accruals and Cash Flows (BALL; SHIVAKUMAR, 2005) were used for the tests. To estimate the association coefficients for the two models, it was used panel data analysis. The results confirmed the hypotheses

Association between anabolic steroids and aerobic physical training leads to cardiac morphological alterations and loss of ventricular function in rats

INTRODUÇÃO: O esteroide anabolizante (EA) associado ao treinamento físico induz mudança da hipertrofia cardíaca (HC) fisiológica para patológica. Entretanto, esses trabalhos foram realizados com atletas de força, sendo os efeitos do EA associados ao treinamento aeróbio poucos conhecidos. Com isso, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do treinamento aeróbio e dos EA sobre a estrutura e função cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 28 ratos Wistar divididos em quatro grupos: sedentários controle (SC), sedentários anabolizante (SA), treinados controle (TC) e treinado anabolizante (TA). O EA foi administrado duas vezes por semana (10mg/kg/ semana). O treinamento físico de natação foi realizado durante 10 semanas, cinco sessões semanais. Foram avaliadas a pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca por pletismografia de cauda, função ventricular por ecocardiografia, diâmetro dos cardiomiócitos e fração volume de colágeno por métodos histológicos. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas diferenças na PA. O grupo TC apresentou redução da frequência cardíaca de repouso após o período experimental, o que não ocorreu no grupo TA. Foram observadas HC de 38% no grupo SA, 52% no grupo TC e de 64% no grupo TA em relação ao grupo SC. O grupo TA apresentou diminuição da função diastólica em relação aos outros grupos. Os grupos treinados apresentaram aumentos significantes no diâmetro dos cardiomiócitos. Os grupos SA e TA apresentaram aumento na fração volume de colágeno em relação aos grupos SC e TC. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados apresentados mostram que o treinamento físico de natação induz a HC, principalmente pelo aumento do colágeno intersticial, o que pode levar a prejuízos da função diastólica.INTRODUCTION: Anabolic-androgen steroids (AAS) associated with physical training induce changes from physiological cardiac hypertrophy (CH) to pathological hypertrophy. However, these studies were performed with strength athletes, and the AAS effects associated with aerobic training are still poorly understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic training and AAS on the cardiac structure and function. METHODS: 28 Wistars rats divided in 4 groups were used: sedentary control (SC), sedentary anabolic (SA), trained control (TC) and trained anabolic (TA). The AAS was administered twice a week (10mg/Kg/week). The swimming training was conducted 5 sessions per week during 10 weeks. We evaluated blood pressure and heart rate by tail plethysmography, ventricular function by echocardiography, cardiomyocyte diameter and collagen volumetric fraction by histological methods. RESULTS: There were no differences in BP. TC group showed reduction in rest heart rate after the experimental period, which did not occur in TA group. CH of 38% in SA group; 52% in TC group and 64% in TA group compared to SC group was observed. TA group presented decrease in diastolic function in relation to other groups. The trained groups showed significant increases in cardiomyocytes diameter. SA and TA groups showed increase in collagen volumetric fraction in relation to SC and TC groups. CONCLUSION: The results show that AAS treatment associated to swimming training induces CH, mainly by the increase in interstitial collagen, which can lead to loss of diastolic function.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Exercise training improves quality of life in women with subclinical hypothyroidism : a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the quality of life (HRQoL) in women with subclinical hypothyroidism (sHT) after 16 weeks of endurance training. Subjects and methods: In the first phase, a cross-sectional study was conducted in which 22 women with sHT (median age: 41.5 (interquartile range: 17.5) years, body mass index: 26.2 (8.7) kg/m2 , thyroid stimulating hormone > 4.94 mIU/L and free thyroxine between 0.8 and 1.3 ng/dL were compared to a group of 33 euthyroid women concerned to HRQoL. In the second phase, a randomized clinical trial was conducted where only women with sHT were randomly divided into two groups: sHT-Tr (n = 10) ? participants that performed an exercise program ? and sHT-Sed (n = 10) ? controls. Exercise training consisted of 60 minutes of aerobic activities (bike and treadmill), three times a week, for 16 weeks. The HRQoL was assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire in the early and at the end of four months. Results: Women with sHT had lower scores on functional capacity domain in relation to the euthyroid ones (77.0 ? 23.0 vs. 88.8 ? 14.6; p = 0.020). The sHT-Tr group improved functional capacity, general health, emotional aspects, mental and physical component of HRQoL after training period, while the sHT-Sed group showed no significant changes. Conclusion: After 16 weeks of aerobic exercise training, there were remarkable improvements in HRQoL in women with sHT

Medico-legal analysis of 553 suspected cases of drowning.

Introdu??o: O afogamento ? definido por uma situa??o de insufici?ncia respirat?ria prim?ria produzida pela imers?o ou submers?o em meio l?quido. O Brasil ? o terceiro pa?s do mundo com o maior n?mero de mortes por afogamento e o estudo destes ?bitos ? importante para delimitar seu perfil epidemiol?gico. Objetivos: Analisar as caracter?sticas epidemiol?gicas dos casos fatais suspeitos de afogamento necropsiados no Instituto M?dico Legal de Belo Horizonte (IML-BH). M?todos: Estudo transversal dos laudos de necropsias realizadas no IML-BH no per?odo de 2006 a 2012. Resultados: Foram analisados 533 laudos cuja circunst?ncia da morte envolveu afogamento. Em 76,9% a causa da morte foi exclusivamente o afogamento, em 2,3% a causa foi afogamento associado a algum traumatismo e em 20,8% a causa da morte permaneceu indeterminada ap?s a autopsia. Houve predomin?ncia de homens, pardos e solteiros, e a idade m?dia foi de 27,2 anos. Quase um ter?o dos casos possu?a idade inferior a 18 anos. A maioria das mortes ocorreu em lagoas, represas ou barragens e a maioria das v?timas n?o recebeu atendimento m?dico previamente ao ?bito. As principais altera??es observadas nas necropsias foram a presen?a de res?duos terrosos nos corpos, espuma nas vias a?reas, pet?quias subepic?rdicas e subpleurais, e sangue com fluidez aumentada e de cor escurecida. Nos casos onde foi pesquisada a alcoolemia, esta foi positiva em 38,5%, com m?dia de 21dg/dL. Conclus?es: Os dados do IML-BH acrescentam informa??es epidemiol?gicas importantes para o estudo das v?timas fatais de afogamento, podendo orientar eventuais medidas de preven??o destas fatalidades.Introduction: Drowning is defined by a situation of primary respiratory insufficiency produced by immersion or submersion in a liquid. Brazil is the third country in the world with the highest number of drowning deaths and the study of these deaths is important to delimit its epidemiological profile. Objectives: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of fatal drowning cases necropsied at IML-BH. Methods: A cross-sectional study of autopsy reports performed at IML-BH between 2006 and 2012. Results: A total of 533 reports were analyzed whose death circumstance involved drowning. In 76.9% the cause of death was exclusively drowning, in 2.3% the cause was drowning associated with some traumatism and in 20.8% the cause of death remained undetermined after the autopsy. There was a predominance of men, browns and singles, and the mean age was 27.2 years. Almost one third of the cases were under the age of 18 years. Most of the deaths occurred in ponds or dams, and most of the victims did not receive medical care prior to death. The main external signs in necropsies were the presence of earthy residues in the bodies, foam in the airways, subepicardial and subpleural petechiae, and blood with increased fluidity and darkened color. In cases where the blood alcohol concentration was investigated, it was positive in 38.5%, with a mean of 21dg/dL. Conclusions: IML-BH data add important epidemiological information for the study of fatal drowning victims, and may guide possible measures to prevent these fatalities

Renovascular hypertension increases serum TNF and CX3CL1 in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection.

Trypanosoma cruzi triggers a progressive inflammatory response affecting cardiovascular functions in humans and experimental models. Angiotensin II, a key effector of the renin-angiotensin system, plays roles in mediating hypertension, heart failure, and inflammatory responses. T. cruzi and AngII can induce inflammatory responses by releasing inflammatory mediators. The aim of this study was to evaluate systemic AngII, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and CX3CL1 mediators in a two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertension model using Wistar rats infected with T. cruzi. Our data showed an increase in serum AngII in uninfected and T. cruzi-infected rats 1 week after 2K1C surgery compared to non-2K1C (Sham) animals. The baseline systolic blood pressure was higher in both uninfected and infected 2K1C rats. Despite no difference in circulating parasites in the acute phase of infection, elevated serum TNF and CX3CL1 were observed at 8 weeks post-infection in 2K1C rats in association with higher cardiac inflammatory infiltration. In summary, AngII-induced hypertension associated with T. cruzi infection may act synergistically to increase TNF and CX3CL1 in the 2K1C rat model, thereby intensifying cardiac inflammatory infiltration and worsening the underlying inflammation triggered by this protozoan

Intercropping of corn, brachiaria grass and leguminous plants: productivity, quality and composition of silages

Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)The present study was carried out with the objective to evaluate the productive and qualitative characteristics of forages produced in systems of intercropping of corn, brachiaria grass and different leguminous plants. Productivity, bromatological composition and the fermentative profile of the silages from the following treatments were evaluated: corn in exclusive cultivation (CEC); intercropping of corn with brachiaria grass (CB); intercropping of corn, brachiaria grass and Calopogonium mucunoides (CBCal); intercropping of corn, brachiaria grass and Macrotyloma axillare (CBMac); and intercropping of corn, brachiaria grass and Stylozanthes capitata (CBSty). The experimental design utilized was completely randomized. For each type of cultivation, five plots or replications of three linear meters were harvested, and the material was separated. The variables assessed were: dry matter productivity per area; dry matter productivity of corn per area; crude protein production per area and productivity of total digestible nutrients per area. The material originated from the cultures was ensiled, with dry matter between 28 and 32%. After, the material was placed and compacted appropriately in bucket silos. A sample was collected from each replication for determination of the contents of DM, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), lignin, neutral and acid detergent fibers (NDF and ADF) and TDN. A fraction of the sample of silages from each treatment was compressed for extraction of the juice and determination of the silage quality. There was difference between the forms of cultivation for the dry matter production per hectare. The CEC with production of 11920.1 kg DM/ha did not differ from CB (8997.41 kg DM/ha) or CBCal (10452.10 kg DM/ha); however, it was superior to CBMac (8429.75 kg DM/ha) and to CBSty (8164.83 kg DM/ha). The contents of DM, CP, NDF, ADF, lignin and TDN did not differ between the silages from the different treatments. All the silages presented good quality with good fermentation patterns

In vivo antileishmanial efficacy of a naphthoquinone derivate incorporated into a Pluronic? F127-based polymeric micelle system against Leishmania amazonensis infection.

New therapeutic strategies against leishmaniasis are desirable, since the treatment against disease presents problems, such as the toxicity, high cost and/or parasite resistance. As consequence, new antileishmanial compounds are necessary to be identified, as presenting high activity against Leishmania parasites, but low toxicity in mammalian hosts. Flau-A is a naphthoquinone derivative recently showed to presents an in vitro effective action against Leishmania amazonensis and L. infantum species. In the present work, the in vivo efficacy of Flau-A, which was incorporated into a Poloxamer 407-based micelle system, was evaluated in a murine model against L. amazonensis infection. Amphotericin B (AmB) and Ambisome? were used as controls. The animals were infected and later treated with the compounds. Thirty days after the treatment, parasitological and immunological parameters were evaluated. Results showed that AmB, Ambisome? , Flau-A or Flau-A/M-treated animals presented significantly lower average lesion diameter and parasite burden in tissue and organs evaluated, when compared to the control (saline and micelle) groups. Flau-A or Flau-A/M-treated mice were those presenting the most significant reductions in the parasite burden, when compared to the others. These animals developed also a more polarized antileishmanial Th1 immune response, which was based on significantly higher levels of IFN-?, IL-12, TNF-?, GM-CSF, and parasite-specific IgG2a isotype; associated with low levels of IL-4, IL10, and IgG1 antibody. The absence of toxicity was found in these animals, although mice receiving AmB have showed high levels of renal and hepatic damage markers. In conclusion, results suggested that the Flau-A/M compound may be considered as a possible therapeutic target to be evaluated against human leishmaniasis

Vaccination with a CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes-based recombinant chimeric protein derived from Leishmania infantum proteins confers protective immunity against visceral leishmaniasis.

Vaccination seems to be the best approach to control visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Resistance against infection is based on the development of a Th1 immune response characterized by the production of interferons-? (IFN-?), interleukin-12 (IL-12), granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?), among others. A number of antigens have been tested as potential targets against the disease; few of them are able to stimulate human immune cells. In the present study, 1 prediction of MHC class I and II molecules-specific epitopes in the amino acid sequences of 3 Leishmania proteins: 1 hypothetical, prohibitin, and small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing proteins, was performed using bioinformatics tools, and a T-cell epitopes-based recombinant chimeric protein was constructed, synthetized and purified to be evaluated in invitro and in vivo experiments. The purified protein was tested regarding its immunogenicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy subjects and VL patients, as well as to its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in a murine model against Leishmania infantum infection. Results showed a Th1 response based on high IFN-? and low IL-10 levels derived from in chimera-stimulated PBMCs in both healthy subjects and VL patients. In addition, chimera and/or saponin-immunized mice presented significantly lower parasite burden in distinct evaluated organs, when compared to the controls, besides higher levels of IFN-?, IL-2, IL-12, and GM-CSF, and an IgG2a isotype-based humoral response. In addition, the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subtypes contributed to IFN-? production in the protected animals. The results showed the immunogenicity in human cells and the protective efficacy against L. infantum in a murine model, and well indicate that this recombinant chimera can be considered as a promising strategy to be used against human disease